What are the effects of admixtures on foam concrete

Following the progress in Russia-Ukraine peace talks, the gold price fell more than 1% the next day, hitting its lowest in a month, and palladium prices briefly tumbled by nearly 9%.

"We have seen metal prices going into free fall when the Russia-Ukraine situation is likely to see a major detente, which spurred people's risk preference and optimism that the war could end at a time," said OANDA senior market analyst.

A Russian deputy defense minister says Moscow has decided to sharply curtail its military activities around Kyiv and Chernikov in Ukraine, following talks between Russian and Ukrainian representatives in Istanbul.

Where the prices of metals, natural gas, and commodities like the foam concrete,foaming agent,concrete curing agent will go in the future, is still very uncertain.

To study the problem of collapse mode cracking in the cast-in-place foam concrete wall, using ordinary Portland cement, fly ash, and self-made composite foaming agent as the primary raw materials, the admixtures (there are two kinds of admixtures) were studied through single-factor experiments. One is a foaming agent, and the other is concrete curing agent.

According to the characteristics of the foaming agent that the foam pore size can be adjusted freely, and the preparation is atomized and diluted during use. The pore size is more acceptable and uniform (the pore size is less than 1mm). The light foam and slurry are mixed to make a lightweight concrete microporous slurry. The porosity in the slurry accounts for 70% of the total volume of the foamed concrete. The foams in the slurry are closed by a water film. They are not connected, which improves the problem of high water absorption in traditional concrete and improves the frost resistance and impermeability of foam concrete. It has a specific activation effect on fly ash. 

The slurry in the pouring and forming stage has self-leveling characteristics, good pore structure, smooth entry into the mold, and rapid thickening and forming. Ensure the stability of expansion and improve the strength of foam concrete blocks. Foamed concrete has excellent properties such as lightweight, heat preservation, heat insulation, sound insulation, etc., and it has low production investment. It can use a large amount of industrial waste residue. Its application is of great significance to building energy conservation and environmental protection, so it will gradually replace concrete construction.

According to previous studies, with the increase of fly ash content, the amount of cement decreases, and the early compressive strength of concrete drops significantly. However, fly ash has pozzolanic activity, and in an alkaline environment, with the increase of concrete age, the compressive strength of high-volume fly ash foam concrete will increase significantly. In addition, the large amount of fly ash dramatically reduces the number of harmful pores, improves the compactness of the slurry structure, and is beneficial to the later strength increase.

In recent years, the application of foamed concrete has developed rapidly, but there are still a series of problems in the cast-in-place foamed concrete insulation wall:

(1) Foam concrete has low strength and is not suitable as a load-bearing wall material;

(2) Prefabricated blocks increase the process and engineering costs;

(3) Dry shrinkage of foam concrete and cracking caused by dry-wet cycle and loose structure, due to the problems of collapsed form and easy carbonization due to the influence of pouring height, seriously restrict the broad application of foam concrete.

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With Russia taking the lead on Poland and Bulgaria at the end of last month, there appears to be a growing sense of compromise within the EU over whether to accept Moscow's proposed rouble settlement order. 

Italy's prime minister said recently that European companies would be able to buy gas in roubles without violating sanctions.  This apparently ignores the guidance of hardliners in the EU to "fight to the end". 

For weeks, European companies have been trying to find ways to meet Russia's payment demands for the rouble while maintaining vital gas supplies without violating sanctions against Moscow. 

Late last month, European Commission President Von der Leyen said operating under the mechanism would violate sanctions and asked European companies not to bow to Russian demands. However, the EU has yet to issue more rigorous written guidelines on how companies should pay Gazprom. 

The Italian prime minister said recently, "There is no official announcement from the European Union about what ruble settlement means for sanctions violations, and no one has said whether ruble payments violate sanctions or not. It's a grey area." 

"In fact, most gas importers are already opening rouble accounts for deals with Gazprom,"

He also used German companies as a shield. He said Germany's largest gas importer had already paid in rubles. "In fact, we saw evidence yesterday that the largest gas importer in Germany has already paid in rubles."

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