Setting Ambience Using a Texture
When you assign a texture to the Ambience channel, the grayscale values from the texture's alpha channel determine which areas of the surface have high ambience and which have low ambience. Bright areas in the alpha channel have high ambience values, and darker areas have low ambience values.

Generally, it's best to set Ambience using a value. However, you can get some interesting effects using textures instead. For example, if you use a splotchy texture, you'll get, mixed in with normal surface areas, areas that appear to glow regardless of external light.
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