Divide Frames
Grid Lines
Linear Replication
Steel Design
Click the File menu > New Model command to access the New Model form.
Click the drop-down
list to set the units to 
.
Click on the 2D Trusses button
to access the 2D Truss form. In that form:
Select Vertical Truss in the 2D Truss Type drop-down list.
Accept the default Number of Divisions, 3.
Accept the default Height, 12.
Accept the default Division Length, 12.
Click the + (plus) symbol beside the Chords or Braces drop-down lists to access the Frame Properties form.
Click the Import New Property button to access the Import Frame Section Property form.
Select Steel in the Frame Section Property Type drop-down list.
Click the I/Wide Flange button to access the Section Property File form.
Select the SECTIONS.PRO file and click the Open button to access a database form that lists the available sections.
Click the + (plus) symbol beside the Material drop-down list to access the Define Materials form.
Click the Add New Material Quick button to access the Quick Material Definition form.
Select Steel in the Material Type drop-down list.
Select ASTM A36 in the Specification drop-down list.
Click the OK button to close the Quick Material Definition form and return to the Define Materials form.
Highlight the ASTM A36 definition and click the Modify/Show Material button to access the Material Property Data form.
Verify
that the Units are set to .
Verify that the Weight per unit Volume is 0.49.
Change
the Units to 
.
Verify that the Modulus of Elasticity is 29000.
Verify that Poisson’s Ratio is 0.3.
Verify that the Minimum Yield Stress, Fy is 36.
Click the OK buttons on the Material Property Data and the Define Materials forms to return to the database form.
Select the ASTM A36 definition in the Material drop-down list.
Scroll down the list of sections and click on the W6X12 section.
Click the OK button to access the I/Wide Flange Section form.
Click the OK buttons on the I/Wide Flange Section and Frame Properties forms to return to the 2D Trusses form.
Click the OK button to close the 2D Trusses form to close the form and display the template model in the program windows.
Click the Define menu > Area Sections command to access the Area Sections form.
In the Select Section Type to Add drop-down list, select the Shell option.
Click the Add New Section button to access the Shell Section Data form. In that form:
Verify that the Shell-Thin option is selected in the Type area.
Click the + (plus) symbol beside the drop-down list to access the Define Materials form.
Highlight the 4000Psi definition in the Materials display list and click the Modify/Show Material button to access the Material Property Data form.
Change
the Units to .
Type 36000 in the Modulus of Elasticity edit box.
Verify that the Poisson's Ratio is 0.2.
Click the OK buttons on the Material Property Data and Define Materials forms to return to the Shell Section Data form.
Verify that the Material Name is 4000Psi.
Verify that both the Membrane and the Bending thicknesses are 1.
Click the OK buttons on the Shell Section Data and Area Sections forms to exit all forms.
Click the Select All button 
to select
all objects.
Click the Edit menu > Replicate command to access the Replicate form. In that form:
Verify that the Linear tab is selected.
In the Increments area, type 12 in the dy edit box.
Verify that 0 is entered in the dx and dz edit boxes.
Verify that 1 is entered in the Number edit box.
Click the OK button to proceed with the replication.
Click the Define menu > Coordinate Systems/Grids command to access the Coordinate/Grid Systems form. In that form:
Click the Modify/Show System button to access the Define Grid Data form. In that form:
Verify that the Ordinates option is selected in the Display Grids as area in the middle right of the form.
In the Y Grid Data portion of the spreadsheet, type y2 in the Grid ID cell of row 2. In that same row, type 12 in the Ordinate cell and click in the Line Type cell to display Primary, the Visibility cell to display Show and in the Bubble Loc. cell to display Start.
Click the OK buttons on the Define Grid Data and Coordinate/Grid Systems forms to exit all forms.
Click in the window entitled Y-Z Plane @ X=-18 to activate it. The window is activated when its title bar is highlighted.
Click the XY View button 
to change the
view to an X-Y plan. Note that the title of the window changes to
X-Y Plane @ Z=12. The screen appears as shown in Figure X-1.
Figure X-1: View of Screen After Step 9
Click the Quick Draw Frame/Cable/Tendon button 
or the Draw menu > Quick
Draw Frame/Cable/Tendon command to access the Properties
of Object form. Verify that W6X12 is selected in the
Section drop-down list, Straight Frame is the Line Object Type, and the
Moment Releases item is set to Continuous.
Click on the grid lines at the points labeled “A,” “B,” “C” and “D” in Figure X-1 to enter four frame objects spanning between the two vertical frames.
Click the Set Select Mode button 
to
exit Draw mode and enter Select mode.
Click
the Quick Draw Braces button 
or
the Draw menu > Quick Draw Braces
command to access the Properties of Object
form. Verify that X is selected in the Bracing
drop-down list.
Click on the points labeled “E,” “F” and “G” in Figure X-1 to enter three sets of diagonal frame objects spanning between the two vertical frames.
Click the Move Down in List button 
to
display the X-Y Plane @ Z=0. The screen appears as shown in Figure
X-2.
Figure X-2: View of Screen After Step 15
Click the Quick Draw Area Element button 
(or the Draw menu > Quick Draw Area
command) to access the Properties of Object
form. Verify that ASEC1 is selected
from the Section drop-down list.
Click on the points labeled “A,” “B” and “C” in Figure X-2 to enter three area objects spanning between the two vertical frames.
Click the Set Select Mode button to exit draw
mode and enter select mode.
Click in the window entitled X-Y Plane @ Z=0 to make sure it is active.
Click the Move Up in List button 
to
display the plan view at Z=12.
Select the center four joints by clicking on them.
Click the Edit menu > Move command to access the Move form. In that form:
Type 3 in the Delta Z edit box.
Click the OK button.
Click the Perspective Toggle button 
.
A perspective birds-eye view of the structure is displayed.
Click the Select using Intersecting Line button
and select all of the roof and floor objects by “drawing”
a line through them down the centerline of the bridge. The total
number of lines and areas selected, 10 lines and 3 areas, will be displayed
on the left-hand side of the status bar.
Click the Edit menu > Edit Lines > Divide Frames command to access the Divide Selected Frames form. In that form:
Click on the Break at intersections with selected Frames and Joints option to select it.
Click the OK button to add a center joint at each set of cross braces in the roof.
Click on the XZ View button 
to view an elevation
in the X-Z plane. Note the title of the window is X-Z Plane @ Y=0.
Click the Perspective Toggle button .
A perspective view of the structure is displayed.
Click the Select using Intersecting Line button and select all of the vertical and diagonal objects
by “drawing” a line through them. The total number of lines, 20
lines, will be displayed on the left-hand side of the status bar.
Click the Edit menu > Edit Lines > Divide Frames command to access the Divide Selected Frames form. In that form:
Verify that the Break at intersections with selected Frames and Joints option is selected.
Click the OK button to add a center joint at each of the six sets of vertical cross braces.
Click on the XZ View button to view an elevation
in the X-Z plane.
Click the Define menu > Load Cases command to access the Define Loads form. In that form:
Type LIVE in the Load Name edit box.
Select Live from the Type drop-down list.
Verify that the Self Weight Multiplier is 0.
Click the Add New Load button.
Click the OK button.
Click
the Select All button to select all objects.
Click the Assign menu > Area Loads > Uniform (Shell) command to access the Area Uniform Loads form. In that form:
Select LIVE from the Load Case Name drop-down list.
In the Uniform Load area, type .25 in the Load edit box.
Verify that the Gravity shows in the Direction drop-down list.
In the Options area, verify that the Replace Existing Loads option is selected.
Click the OK button to apply the load.
Click the Show Undeformed Shape button 
to
reset the window display.
Click the “X” in the upper right-hand corner of the window labeled X-Z Plane @ Y=0 to close it.
Click the Run Analysis button 
to access
the Set Analysis Cases to Run form.
In that form:
Click on MODAL in the Case Name list to highlight it.
Click the Run/Do Not Run Case button.
Click the Run Now button.
When the analysis is complete, check the messages in the SAP Analysis Monitor window (there should be no warnings or errors) and then click the OK button to close the window.
Click the Options menu > Preferences > Steel Frame Design command to access the Steel Frame Design Preferences form. In that form.
Select AISC-ASD89 from the Design Code drop-down list if it is not already selected.
Click the OK button.
Click the Design menu > Steel Frame Design > Start Design/Check of Structure command to run the design check of the steel frame objects.
When the design check completes, the stress ratios are displayed.