Autodesk_3ds_Max_9_Reference

welcome to the 3ds max 9 reference
what's new in 3ds max 9
documentation set
about maxscript
getting started with
project workflow
setting up your scene
modeling objects
using materials
placing lights and cameras
animating your scene
rendering your scene
the window
special controls
managing files
importing, merging, replacing, and externally referencing scenes
using the asset browser
startup files and defaults
3dsmax.ini file
backing up and archiving scenes
crash recovery system
viewing and navigating 3d space
general viewport concepts
home grid: views based on the world coordinate axes
understanding views
setting viewport layout
controlling viewport rendering
controlling display performance
using standard view navigation
zooming, panning, and rotating views
using walkthrough navigation
navigating camera and light views
adaptive degradation toggle
grab viewport
view-handling commands
undo view change / redo view change
save active view
restore active view
viewport background
select background image dialog
update background image
reset background transform
show transform gizmo
show ghosting
show key times
shade selected
show dependencies
create camera from view
add default lights to scene
redraw all views
activate all maps
deactivate all maps
update during spinner drag
expert mode
controlling object display
display color rollout
hide by category rollout
hide rollout
freeze rollout
display properties rollout
link display rollout
object display culling utility
selecting objects
introducing object selection
basics of selecting objects
selecting by region
using select by name
using named selection sets
using selection filters
selecting with track view
selecting with schematic view
freezing and unfreezing objects
hiding and unhiding objects by selection
hiding and unhiding objects by category
isolate selection
introduction to sub-object selection
selection commands
select object
select by name button
selection floater
selection region flyout
rectangular selection region
circular selection region
fence selection region
lasso selection region
paint selection region
selection filter list
filter combinations dialog
named selection sets
named selection sets dialog
edit named selections dialog
select all
select none
select invert
select by
select by color
select by name (edit menu)
region
select region window
select region crossing
window/crossing selection toggle
edit commands
undo/redo
hold/fetch
delete
using groups
using assemblies
character assembly
group commands
group
open group
close group
ungroup
explode group
detach group
attach group
assembly commands
assemble
open assembly
close assembly
disassemble
explode assembly
detach assembly
attach assembly
assembly head helper object
luminaire helper object
create character
destroy character
lock/unlock character
insert character
save character
skin pose commands
object properties
general panel (object properties dialog)
advanced lighting panel (object properties dialog)
mental ray panel (object properties dialog)
user defined panel (object properties dialog)
rename objects tool
custom attributes
parameter collector
parameter collector menu bar
notes dialog (parameter collector)
expression techniques
trigonometric functions
vectors
creating geometry
basics of creating and modifying objects
using the create panel
creating an object
assigning colors to objects
object color dialog
color selector dialog
color clipboard utility
adjusting normals and smoothing
viewing and changing normals
viewing and changing smoothing
geometric primitives
creating primitives from the keyboard
standard primitives
box primitive
cone primitive
sphere primitive
geosphere primitive
cylinder primitive
tube primitive
torus primitive
pyramid primitive
teapot primitive
plane primitive
extended primitives
hedra extended primitive
torus knot extended primitive
chamferbox extended primitive
chamfercyl extended primitive
oiltank extended primitive
capsule extended primitive
spindle extended primitive
l-ext extended primitive
gengon extended primitive
c-ext extended primitive
ringwave extended primitive
prism extended primitive
hose extended primitive
aec extended objects
working with aec design elements
foliage
railing
wall
editing wall objects
stairs
l-type stair
spiral stair
straight stair
u-type stair
doors
pivot door
sliding door
bifold door
windows
awning window
casement window
fixed window
pivoted window
projected window
sliding window
shapes
shape check utility
splines and extended splines
line spline
rectangle spline
circle spline
ellipse spline
arc spline
donut spline
ngon spline
star spline
text spline
helix spline
section spline
wrectangle spline
channel spline
angle spline
tee spline
wide flange spline
editable spline
editable spline (object)
editable spline (vertex)
editable spline (segment)
editable spline (spline)
compound objects
morph compound object
scatter compound object
conform compound object
connect compound object
blobmesh compound object
shapemerge compound object
boolean compound object
material attach options dialog
terrain compound object
loft compound object
creation method rollout
surface parameters rollout
path parameters rollout
skin parameters rollout
deformations
deform scale
deform twist
deform teeter
deform bevel
deform fit
deformation dialog
path commands
shape commands
compare dialog
mesher compound object
introduction to proboolean and procutter
proboolean compound object
procutter compound object
quad meshing and smoothing
dynamics objects
damper dynamics object
spring dynamics object
systems
bones system
using objects as bones
bone tools
bone editing tools rollout
fin adjustment tools rollout
object properties rollout (bone tools)
ring array system
sunlight and daylight systems
geographic location dialog
moving, rotating, and scaling objects
axis tripod and world axis
using transforms
using transform gizmos
transform type-in
animating transforms
transform managers
specifying a reference coordinate system
choosing a transform center
using the axis constraints
reset transform utility
transform commands
select and move
select and rotate
scale
select and uniform scale
select and non-uniform scale
select and squash
transform coordinates and coordinate center
reference coordinate system
use center flyout
use pivot point center
use selection center
use transform coordinate center
transform tools
array flyout
mirror selected objects
array
snapshot
spacing tool
clone and align tool
align flyout
align
quick align
normal align
place highlight
align camera
align to view
creating copies and arrays
overview of copies, instances, and references
techniques for cloning objects
clone
clone options dialog
using shift+clone
cloning with shift+move
cloning with shift+rotate
cloning with shift+scale
animating shift+rotate and shift+scale
cloning objects over time with snapshot
arraying objects
using the array dialog
creating linear arrays
creating circular and spiral arrays
mirroring objects
using the spacing tool
using modifiers
transforms, modifiers, and object data flow
list of available modifiers
using the modify panel
using the modifier stack
editing the stack
edit modifiers and editable objects
modifying at the sub-object level
using the stack at the sub-object level
modifying multiple objects
how instanced modifiers work
world-space modifiers (wsms)
camera map modifier (world space)
displace mesh modifier (world space)
displace nurbs modifier (world space)
hair and fur modifier
selection rollout (hair and fur)
tools rollout (hair and fur)
styling rollout (hair and fur)
quad menu for hair styling
general parameters rollout (hair and fur)
material parameters rollout (hair and fur)
mr parameters rollout (hair and fur)
frizz parameters rollout (hair and fur)
kink parameters rollout (hair and fur)
multi strand parameters rollout (hair and fur)
dynamics rollout (hair and fur)
display rollout (hair and fur)
ls colors modifier (world space)
mapscaler modifier (world space)
patchdeform modifier (world space)
pathdeform modifier (world space)
point cache modifier (world space)
subdivide modifier (world space)
surface mapper modifier (world space)
surfdeform modifier (world space)
object-space modifiers
affect region modifier
attribute holder modifier
bend modifier
bevel modifier
bevel profile modifier
camera map modifier (object space)
cap holes modifier
cloth introduction
cloth overview
cloth modifier
object properties dialog (cloth)
garment maker modifier
troubleshooting and error codes in garment maker
crosssection modifier
delete mesh modifier
delete patch modifier
delete spline modifier
disp approx modifier
displace modifier
edit mesh modifier
edit normals modifier
edit patch modifier
edit poly modifier
selection rollout (edit poly modifier)
edit poly (object)
edit poly (vertex)
edit poly (edge)
edit poly (border)
edit poly (polygon/element)
edit geometry rollout (edit poly modifier)
align geometry dialog
detach dialog
edit spline modifier
extrude modifier
face extrude modifier
ffd (free-form deformation) modifiers
ffd (box/cylinder) modifiers
ffd (free-form deformation) select modifier
fillet/chamfer modifier
flex modifier
spring option dialog
hsds modifier
adaptive subdivision dialog
lathe modifier
lattice modifier
linked xform modifier
ls mesh modifier
mapscaler modifier (object space)
material modifier
materialbyelement modifier
melt modifier
mesh select modifier
meshsmooth modifier
mirror modifier
morpher modifier
multires modifier
noise modifier
normal modifier
normalize spline modifier
nsurf sel modifier
optimize modifier
patch select modifier
patchdeform modifier
pathdeform modifier
point cache modifier
poly select modifier
preserve modifier
projection modifier
selection rollout (projection modifier)
reference geometry rollout (projection modifier)
cage rollout (projection modifier)
selection check rollout (projection modifier)
projection rollout (projection modifier)
project mapping rollout (projection modifier)
projection holder modifier
push modifier
relax modifier
renderable spline modifier
ripple modifier
select by channel modifier
shell modifier
skew modifier
skin modifier
load envelopes dialog (skin modifier)
weight tool dialog
weight table (skin modifier)
painter options dialog
skin morph modifier
skin wrap modifier
skin wrap patch modifier
slice modifier
smooth modifier
spherify modifier
spline ik control modifier
spline select modifier
squeeze modifier
stl check modifier
stretch modifier
subdivide modifier
substitute modifier
surface modifier
surfdeform modifier
sweep modifier
pick shape dialog
extract shape dialog
merge file (sweep modifier)
symmetry modifier
taper modifier
tessellate modifier
trim/extend modifier
turbosmooth modifier
turn to mesh modifier
turn to patch modifier
turn to poly modifier
twist modifier
unwrap uvw modifier
edit uvws dialog
edit uvws dialog menu bar
unwrap uvw shortcuts
flatten mapping dialog
normal mapping dialog
pack uvs dialog
pelt map parameters dialog
relax tool dialog
render uvs dialog
sketch tool dialog
stitch tool dialog
unfold mapping dialog
unwrap options dialog
uvw map modifier
uvw mapping add modifier
uvw mapping clear modifier
uvw mapping paste modifier
uvw xform modifier
vertex weld modifier
vertexpaint modifier
vertexpaint paintbox
adjust color dialog (vertexpaint modifier)
color palette (vertexpaint modifier)
volume select modifier
wave modifier
xform modifier
surface modeling
subdivision surfaces
soft selection rollout
collapse utility
editable patch surface
selection rollout (editable patch)
editable patch (object)
editable patch (vertex)
editable patch (handle)
editable patch (edge)
editable patch (patch)
editable patch (element)
geometry rollout (patch)
patch grids
quad patch
tri patch
editable mesh surface
working with mesh sub-objects
selection rollout (editable mesh)
editable mesh (object)
editable mesh (vertex)
editable mesh (edge)
editable mesh (face/polygon/element)
edit geometry rollout (mesh)
attach options dialog
cut and slice
editable poly surface
selection rollout (polymesh)
editable poly (object)
editable poly (vertex)
editable poly (edge)
editable poly (border)
editable poly (polygon/element)
edit geometry rollout (polymesh)
subdivision surface rollout (polymesh)
subdivision displacement rollout (polymesh)
paint deformation rollout
bevel polygons dialog
bridge borders/polygons dialog
bridge edges dialog
chamfer vertices/edges/borders dialog
connect edges dialog
extrude polygons along spline dialog
extrude polygons dialog
extrude vertices/edges dialog
hinge polygons from edge dialog
inset polygons dialog
meshsmooth selection dialog
preserve map channels dialog
relax dialog
tessellate selection dialog
weld vertices/edges dialog
introduction to nurbs modeling
nurbs models: objects and sub-objects
creating nurbs models
working with nurbs models
surface trimming
modifying nurbs models and creating sub-objects
quad menu for nurbs objects
using the nurbs toolbox to create sub-objects
sub-object selection
cv sub-objects and point sub-objects
dependent sub-objects
rigid surfaces
nurbs and modifiers
nurbs and animation
nurbs concepts
nurbs tips and techniques
how to make objects with nurbs modeling
how to fix nurbs objects
how to improve performance
animation, textures, and rendering
nurbs surfaces
point surface
cv surface
nurbs curves
point curve
cv curve
creating independent surfaces from nurbs curve objects
creating nurbs curves from splines
creating nurbs surfaces from geometric primitives
nonrelational nurbs surfaces
display controls for nurbs models
display line parameters for nurbs surfaces
attaching and importing objects
common sub-object controls
editing point sub-objects
editing curve cv sub-objects
editing surface cv sub-objects
editing curve sub-objects
editing surface sub-objects
soft selection rollout (nurbs)
material properties rollout
creating curve sub-objects
cv curve sub-object
point curve sub-object
curve fit
transform curve
blend curve
offset curve
mirror curve
chamfer curve
fillet curve
surface-surface intersection curve
surface offset curve
u and v iso curves
normal projected curve
vector projected curve
cv curve on surface
point curve on surface
surface edge curve
creating surface sub-objects
cv surface sub-object
point surface sub-object
transform surface
blend surface
offset surface
mirror surface
extrude surface
lathe surface
ruled surface
cap surface
u loft surface
uv loft surface
1-rail sweep surface
2-rail sweep surface
multisided blend surface
multicurve trimmed surface
fillet surface
creating and editing point sub-objects
point (nurbs)
offset point
curve point
surface point
curve-curve intersection point
surface-curve intersection point
convert curve dialog
convert curve on surface dialog
convert surface dialog
cv curve: close curve dialog
detach dialog (nurbs)
edit curve on surface dialog
edit texture surface dialog
join curves dialog
join surfaces dialog
make loft dialog
make point dialog
make point curve dialog
point curve: close curve dialog
rebuild cv curve dialog
rebuild cv surface dialog
rebuild texture surface dialog
reparameterize dialog
sub-object clone options dialog
select by material id dialog
curve approximation
surface approximation
advanced surface approximation dialog
surface approximation utility
surface approximation rollout
surface display rollout
tools for low-polygon modeling
show statistics
level of detail utility
precision and drawing aids
tools for precision
helpers
using units
using grids
using the home grid
using grid objects
viewing grid objects
autogrid
aligning objects
aligning normals
setting standard snaps
setting snap options
measuring distances
measure distance tool
standard helper objects
dummy helper
expose transform helper
grid helper
point helper
tape helper
protractor helper
compass helper
manipulator helper objects
select and manipulate
cone angle manipulator
plane angle manipulator
slider manipulator
grids submenu
show home grid
activate home grid
activate grid object
align grid to view
snap commands
2d snap, 2.5d snap, 3d snap
angle snap toggle
percent snap toggle
spinner snap toggle
ortho snapping mode
polar snapping mode
grid and snap settings
snap settings
snap override
snap options
home grid settings
user grids settings
drawing aid utilities
measure utility
rescale world units utility
space warps and particle systems
space warp objects
bind to space warp
push space warp
motor space warp
vortex space warp
drag space warp
pbomb space warp
path follow space warp
gravity space warp
wind space warp
displace space warp
pomniflect space warp
pdynaflect space warp
somniflect space warp
sdynaflect space warp
uomniflect space warp
udynaflect space warp
sdeflector space warp
udeflector space warp
deflector space warp
ffd(box) space warp
ffd(cyl) space warp
wave space warp
ripple space warp
conform space warp
bomb space warp
modifier-based space warps
introduction to particle systems
particle flow
how particle flow works
the life of a particle
introductory tutorial
particle flow faq
particle view
particle view menu bar
particle view event display
event display right-click menu
particle flow source
particle flow keyboard shortcuts
actions
action time frames
operators
birth operator
birth script operator
delete operator
position icon operator
position object operator
rotation operator
spin operator
scale operator
speed operator
speed by icon operator
speed by surface operator
keep apart operator
shape operator
shape facing operator
shape instance operator
shape mark operator
overview of materials in particle view
material static operator
material frequency operator
material dynamic operator
mapping operator
cache operator
display operator
force operator
notes operator
render operator
script operator
flows
empty flow
standard flow
tests
age test
collision test
collision spawn test
find target test
go to rotation test
scale test
script test
send out test
spawn test
speed test
split amount test
split selected test
split source test
non-event-driven particle systems
creating a non-event-driven particle system
creating a particle emitter
using materials with particle array
achieving particle motion blur
using mapped materials with particle systems
using multi/sub-object materials with particle systems
using spawned particles
using interparticle collision
spray particle system
snow particle system
super spray particle system
blizzard particle system
pcloud particle system
parray particle system
basic parameters rollout (parray)
particle generation rollout
particle type rollout
rotation and collision rollout
object motion inheritance rollout
bubble motion rollout
particle spawn rollout
load/save presets rollout
creating animation
animation concepts and methods
animation concepts
using auto key mode
using set key mode
spinner right-click menu
viewing and copying transform keys
controlling time
setting time segments
moving through time
choosing a frame rate and playback speed
working with controllers
understanding controllers
changing controller properties
assigning controllers
specifying default controllers
general-purpose controllers
special-purpose controllers
explicit axis keys
float controllers
controlling transforms
controlling position
controlling rotation
controlling colors
morph controllers
trajectories
prs parameters rollout
key info (basic) rollout/dialog
tangent types
key info (advanced) rollout/dialog
animation controllers
audio controller
barycentric morph controller
bezier controllers
block controller
boolean controller
color rgb controller (point3 xyz controller)
euler xyz rotation controller
expression controller
expression controller techniques
animation layers
layer properties dialog
create new animation layer dialog
layer controller dialog
limit controller
linear controller
list controller
local euler xyz rotation controller
look at controller
master point controller
motion capture controller
noise controller
on/off controller
position xyz controller
prs controller
reaction controllers
reaction manager dialog
using manipulators with reaction controllers
scale xyz controller
script controller
smooth rotation controller
spring controller
tcb controllers
transform script controller
waveform controller
xref controller
audio controller dialog
attach controls dialog (block controller)
barycentric morph controller key info dialog
block parameters dialog (block controller)
master block parameters dialog (block controller)
master track key info dialog (master point controller)
slave parameters dialog (block controller)
track view pick dialog (block controller)
animation constraints
attachment constraint
surface constraint
path constraint
position constraint
link constraint
lookat constraint
orientation constraint
wire parameters
parameter wiring dialog
hierarchies and kinematics
hierarchies
linking strategy
linking and unlinking objects
select and link
unlink selection
adjusting pivots
viewing and selecting hierarchies
animating with forward kinematics
using dummy objects
animating links
adjusting object transforms
locking object transforms
animating attachment
changing link inheritance
link inheritance (selected) utility
inverse kinematics (ik)
ik terminology
inverse kinematics methods
ik solvers
animating with the hi ik solver
white paper: swivel angle of the hi ik solver
ik solver rollout (hi solver)
ik solver properties rollout (hi solver)
ik display options rollout (hi solver)
sliding and rotational joints (hi solver)
animating with the hd ik solver
binding objects (hd solver)
controlling ik precision (hd solver)
hd solver motion panel rollouts
setting joint resistance and spring back (hd solver)
setting joint precedence (hd solver)
using default joint precedence (hd solver)
choosing child-to-parent precedence (hd solver)
choosing parent-to-child precedence (hd solver)
setting precedence manually (hd solver)
terminating chains (hd solver)
animating with the ik limb solver
animating with the spline ik solver
spline ik solver dialog
spline ik solver rollouts
animating with interactive ik
animating with applied ik
setting joint parameters
activating joint axes
limiting joint action
hierarchy panel commands
pivot
adjust pivot rollout
adjust transform rollout
ik
object parameters rollout (hd solver)
position/orientation/bind to follow object (hd solver)
precedence (hd solver)
copying, pasting, and mirroring joint parameters (hd solver)
sliding and rotational joints rollouts (hd solver)
inverse kinematics rollout
auto termination rollout (interactive ik)
link info
locks rollout
inherit rollout
track view
working with track view
track view workspace
curve editor
dope sheet
time ruler
track view shortcuts
track view controller window
hierarchy right-click menu
properties (track view hierarchy)
sound options dialog
track view menu bar
modes menu
controller menu
collapse controller
tracks menu
keys menu
use soft select
soft selection settings
curves menu
time menu
options menu
interactive update
sync cursor time
auto expand
auto select
auto scroll
modify subtree
modify child keys
manual navigation
display menu
show all tangents
keyable icons
hide/show non-selected curves
view menu
utilities menu
track view quad menu
curve editor toolbars
dope sheet toolbars
controller toolbar
ranges: dope sheet toolbar
extras: dope sheet toolbar
filters
filters dialog (track view)
copy controller
paste controller
assign controller
delete controller
ignore animation range
respect animation range
make controller unique
parameter curve out-of-range types
add note track
remove note track
edit keys
snap frames
lock selection
align to cursor
add visibility track
move keys (dope sheet)
slide keys
scale keys - time
add keys (dope sheet)
properties (track view key window)
track view utilities
randomize keys utility
create out of range keys utility
select keys by time utility
current value editor
edit time
select time
delete time
cut time
copy time
paste time
reverse time
insert time
scale time
exclude left end point
exclude right end point
reduce keys
edit ranges
position ranges
recouple ranges
copying and pasting items
copying and pasting objects
making instance and reference controllers and objects unique
curve editor overview
move keys (curve editor)
scale keys
scale values
add keys (curve editor)
draw curves
show tangents
lock tangents
apply ease curve / apply multiplier curve
remove ease/multiplier curve
on/off (curves)
ease curve out-of-range types
multiplier curve out-of-range types
freeze non-selected curves
status bar/view controls
zoom selected object
select by name (track view)
track set list
track sets editor dialog
key time display
value display
show selected key statistics
pan (track view)
zoom horizontal extents
zoom value extents
zoom track view key window
zoom region (track view)
new track view
delete track view
delete track view dialog
saved track views
track view customization
track view toolbar right-click menu
understanding the motion mixer
working with the motion mixer
adding tracks to the mixer
importing clips to the mixer
working with clips in the mixer
filtering mixer tracks
adjusting clip timing
working with transitions
adjusting track weight
adding time warps
adjusting biped balance in the mixer
exporting animation to the biped
using the reservoir
motion mixer window
motion mixer menus
mixer clip source options dialog
copy biped animation to clip dialog
reservoir file groups dialog
mixer transition editor dialog (biped object)
mixer transition editor dialog (non-biped object)
pick nodes dialog (motion mixer)
transition optimization dialog
motion mixer toolbar
trackgroup filter dialog (biped object)
trackgroup filter dialog (non-biped object)
motion mixer editor
reservoir
mixer preferences dialog
mixer rollout
animation utilities
follow/bank utility
motion capture utility
macutilities utility
camera tracker utility
requirements for camera tracking
camera tracker: movie rollout
camera tracker: movie window
camera tracker: motion trackers rollout
camera tracker: movie stepper rollout
camera tracker: error thresholds rollout
camera tracker: batch track rollout
camera tracker: position data rollout
camera tracker: match move rollout
camera tracker: move smoothing rollout
camera tracker: object pinning rollout
camera tracker: troubleshooting
dynamics utility
edit object dialog
edit object list dialog
skin utilities
introducing reactor
introducing dynamics simulation
special features in reactor
reactor helpers
rigid bodies
rigid body basics
rigid body properties
compound rigid bodies
rigid body collection
constraints
constraint concepts
simple constraints
spring
linear dashpot
angular dashpot
cooperative constraints
constraint solver
rag doll constraint
defining rag doll limits
hinge constraint
point-point constraint
prismatic constraint
car-wheel constraint
point-path constraint
plane
motor
toy car
fracture
fracture tips
storing and accessing collisions
deformable bodies
cloth
cloth modifier
cloth collection
soft bodies
soft body modifier
ffd soft bodies
soft body collection
rope
rope modifier
rope collection
deforming meshes (skin)
deforming mesh collection
constraining deformable bodies
fixing vertices in world space
keyframing vertices
attaching vertices to a rigid body
attaching vertices to deforming meshes (skin)
soft selection
water simulation
water space warp
rendering water
wind
the reactor utility
preview & animation rollout
havok 1 world/havok 3 world rollout
collisions rollout
display rollout
reactor utilities
properties rollout
the real-time preview
scripts
frequently asked questions
troubleshooting
introduction to character studio
what is character studio?
what you should know to use character studio
understanding biped
understanding physique
understanding track editing
understanding the workbench
understanding motion flow
understanding crowds
understanding character studio workflow
working with biped
creating a biped
understanding biped anatomy
changing initial biped anatomy
naming the biped
posing the biped
scaling links
rubber-banding arms and legs
biped display options
deleting a biped
linking character body parts to the biped
saving and loading fig files
working with footstep animation
planning for footsteps
choosing a gait
creating footsteps automatically
creating footsteps manually
activating footsteps
deactivating footsteps
understanding footstep and body keys
editing footstep placement
editing footstep timing
editing active footsteps
splicing footsteps
animating legs and feet
animating the upper body
adjusting body keys in track view
shifting the biped's balance
adjusting vertical motion
saving footstep animation
footstep and freeform animation
freeform animation between footsteps
converting between footstep and freeform animations
working with freeform animation
selecting biped tracks
animating by moving links
animating by rotating links
rotating multiple links
using controllers
using props
using ik keyframe parameters
understanding walk cycle constraints
setting keys for feet and hands
animating pivots
animating a quadruped
animating ik attachments
editing biped keys
copying and pasting postures and poses
mirroring motion
using layers
editing trajectory keys
working with euler curves on biped animation
working with xref bipeds
working with biped motion files
loading and saving bip animation
importing and exporting animation data
motion mapping: retargeting biped motion
merging and cloning a character
combining bip motions
loading and saving stp files
using motion-capture data
correcting posture
copying and pasting tracks
repositioning the biped
previewing biped motion
in place mode
trajectory display
display preferences
biped user interface
motion panel (biped)
center of mass
assign controller rollout (character studio)
biped apps rollout
biped rollout
save as dialog (biped)
open dialog (biped)
display preferences dialog
track selection rollout
quaternion/euler rollout
twist poses rollout
bend links rollout
key info rollout
keyframing tools rollout
set multiple keys dialog
copy/paste rollout
layers rollout
dynamics & adaptation rollout
figure mode
structure rollout
footstep mode
footstep creation rollout
footstep operations rollout
create multiple footsteps dialog: walk
create multiple footsteps dialog: run
create multiple footsteps dialog: jump
convert to freeform or footsteps dialogs
footstep mode dialog
track view (biped)
biped shortcuts
working with the workbench
navigating the workbench
selecting workbench tracks
analyzing curves
fixing curves
animation workbench
select panel
analyze panel
fix panel
filters panel
working with motion flow
placing motions on the motion flow graph
creating transitions
creating a motion flow script
saving, loading, and appending motion flow graphs
customizing transitions
creating random motion
unifying motion
sharing motion flow
setting up paths for motion flow files
motion flow mode
motion flow rollout
motion flow graph dialog
motion flow scripts group
transition editor
create random motion dialog
shared motion flow dialog
transition optimization dialog
clip properties dialog
working with motion-capture data
importing motion-capture data
filtering motion-capture and marker data
sliding footsteps
prop bone
motion capture rollout
motion capture conversion parameters dialog
motion capture batch file conversion dialog
marker display dialog
working with physique
creating a skin
using physique with a biped
using physique with bones
using physique with objects
applying and initializing physique
previewing motion
envelopes
adjusting default envelope shape
fine-tuning envelopes
customizing vertex assignments
envelope display options
working with deformable envelopes
working with rigid envelopes
working with both deformable and rigid envelopes
adjusting link parameters
partial blending and weight assignments
bulges
creating bulges
setting bulge angles
fine-tuning bulges
tendons
creating tendons
saving and loading physique data
reinitializing physique settings
working with an initial pose
improving interactive performance
scaling a character
facial animation
combining physique with other modifiers
physique and free form deformations (ffds)
physique user interface
physique rollout
physique level of detail rollout
floating bones rollout
physique shortcuts
physique initialization dialog
reinitialize physique
bulge editor
physique load specification dialog
vertex-link assignment rollout
cross sections rollout
blending envelope display options dialog
exclude envelopes dialog
bulge angle display properties dialog
tendon display options dialog
type-in weights dialog
physique sub-objects
envelope sub-object
link sub-object
link settings rollout
joint intersections rollout
bulge sub-object
tendons sub-object
vertex sub-object (physique)
working with crowd animation
creating a crowd system
creating crowd helpers
adjusting delegate parameters
assigning behaviors
directing delegates
obstacle avoidance
changing delegate orientation and speed
solving the simulation
linking objects to delegates
cognitive controllers
using motion synthesis
biped crowds
non-biped crowds
crowd animation user interface
crowd shortcuts
delegate helper object
geometry parameters rollout
motion parameters rollout
crowd helper object
setup rollout
scatter objects dialog
random placement difficulty dialog
object/delegate associations dialog
edit multiple delegates dialog
associate bipeds with delegates dialog
behavior assignments and teams dialog
select behavior type dialog
select delegates dialog
cognitive controller editor
state dialog
state transition dialog
behavior rollout
avoid behavior
orientation behavior
path follow behavior
repel behavior
scripted behavior
seek behavior
space warp behavior
speed vary behavior
surface arrive behavior
surface follow behavior
wall repel behavior
wall seek behavior
wander behavior
solve rollout
priority rollout
set start frames dialog
smoothing rollout
collisions rollout
geometry rollout
global clip controllers rollout
vector field space warp
create method rollout
lattice parameters rollout
obstacle parameters rollout
motion synthesis
synthesis dialog
motion clips panel
state panel
synthesis panel
motionclip parameters dialog
track view pick dialog
clipstate dialog
speed panel
acceleration panel
pitch panel
pitch velocity panel
heading velocity panel
script panel
character studio file formats
procedures
lights and cameras
lights
name and color rollout (lights)
using lights
working with lights
properties of light
lighting in
guidelines for lighting
positioning light objects
animating lights
light include/exclude tool
light lister
standard lights
target spotlight
free spotlight
target direct light
free direct light
omni light
skylight
mr area omni light
mr area spotlight
photometric lights
photometric lights: preset lights
target point light (photometric)
free point light (photometric)
target linear light (photometric)
free linear light (photometric)
target area light (photometric)
free area light (photometric)
ies sun light (photometric)
ies sky light (photometric)
mental ray sun & sky
mr sky
mr sun
mr physical sky
isotropic light distribution (photometric lights)
diffuse distribution (photometric lights)
spotlight distribution (photometric lights)
web distribution (photometric lights)
photometric webs
ies standard file format
example of photometric data file
common lamp values for photometric lights
general lighting parameters
exclude/include dialog
shadow parameters
spotlight parameters
advanced effects rollout
mental ray indirect illumination rollout (for lights)
mental ray light shader rollout
intensity/color/attenuation parameters
directional parameters
atmospheres and effects for lights
add atmosphere or effect dialog
hair light attr(ibutes) rollout
intensity/color/distribution rollout
linear light parameters rollout
area light parameters rollout
area light sampling rollout
web parameters rollout
advanced ray-traced parameters rollout
area shadows rollout
mental ray shadow map rollout
optimizations rollout
ray-traced shadow parameters rollout
shadow map parameters rollout
cameras
free camera
target camera
characteristics of cameras
common camera parameters
using transforms to aim a camera
using clipping planes to exclude geometry
using the horizon to match perspective
animating cameras
multi-pass rendering effects
depth of field parameter (mental ray renderer)
multi-pass depth of field parameters for cameras
multi-pass motion blur parameters for cameras
camera match utility
camera match helper
campoint helper
camera correction modifier
material editor, materials, and mapping
designing materials
sample slots and material name
material type
shading type
material components
lights and shading
choosing colors for realism
using maps to enhance a material
applying a material to an object
mapping coordinates
saving a material
material xml exporter utility
uvw remove utility
material editor
material/map browser
copying and pasting: right-click menu for materials, maps, bitmaps, and colors
sample slots
sample slot right-click menu
dragging and dropping maps and materials
drag and drop sub-object material assignment
creating a custom sample object
material editor tools
material editor menu bar
reflectance and transmittance display
sample type
propagate materials to instances
backlight
sample slot background
sample uv tiling
video color check
make preview, play preview, save preview
material editor options
select by material
get material
put material to scene
assign material to selection
reset map/mtl to default settings
make material copy
make unique (material editor)
put to library
material id channel
material id channel flyout
show map in viewport
show end result
go to parent
go forward to sibling
material/map navigator
pick material from object (eyedropper)
name field (materials and maps)
type button (materials and maps)
animating materials
creating and playing animated material previews
synchronizing an animated bitmap with the scene
copy (instance) map dialog
copy or swap colors dialog
create material preview dialog
duplicate name dialog (material library)
merge dialog (material library)
merge material library dialog
put to library dialog
render map dialog
replace map dialog
replace material dialog
update scene materials dialog
types of materials
supersampling rollout
mental ray connection rollout
directx manager rollout
standard material
shader basic parameters rollout
understanding shaders
basic parameters rollout (standard material)
extended parameters rollout (standard material)
maps rollout (standard material)
dynamics properties rollout
anisotropic shader
blinn shader
metal shader
multi-layer shader
oren-nayar-blinn shader
phong shader
strauss shader
translucent shader
color controls
self-illumination setting
opacity
diffuse level
roughness
translucency setting
anisotropic highlights
blinn, oren-nayar-blinn, and phong highlights
metal highlights
multi-layer highlights
translucent highlights
ambient color mapping
diffuse color mapping
diffuse level mapping
diffuse roughness mapping
specular color mapping
specular level mapping
glossiness mapping
self-illumination mapping
opacity mapping
filter color mapping
anisotropy mapping
orientation mapping
metalness mapping
bump mapping
reflection mapping
refraction mapping
displacement mapping
raytrace material
raytrace basic parameters rollout
raytrace extended parameters rollout
raytracer controls rollout
raytrace maps rollout
raytrace dynamics properties rollout
raytracer global parameters rollout
raytracing acceleration parameters dialog
raytrace exclude/include dialog
raytrace antialiaser dialog: fast adaptive antialiaser
raytrace antialiaser dialog: multiresolution adaptive antialiaser
architectural material
templates rollout
physical qualities rollout
special effects rollout
advanced lighting override rollout
cutout mapping
materials for use with the mental ray renderer
mental ray material
material shaders rollout (mental ray material)
advanced shaders rollout (mental ray material)
arch & design material (mental ray) – overview
arch & design material (mental ray)
arch & design material (mental ray) – tips & tricks
car paint material/shader (mental ray)
dgs material (mental ray)
glass material (mental ray)
subsurface scattering (sss) materials
matte/shadow material
kinds of compound materials
blend material
composite material
double-sided material
morpher material
multi/sub-object material
shellac material
top/bottom material
shell material
advanced lighting override material
lightscape material
ink 'n paint material
directx 9 shader material
lightmap shader rollout
metal bump shader rollout
xref material
types of maps
real-world mapping
output rollout
missing map coordinates dialog
2d maps
coordinates rollout (2d)
noise rollout (2d)
bitmap 2d map
select bitmap image file dialog
checker map
combustion map
gradient map
gradient ramp map
flag properties dialog
swirl map
tiles map
3d maps
coordinates rollout (3d)
cellular map
dent map
falloff map
marble map
noise map
particle age map
particle mblur map
perlin marble map
planet map
smoke map
speckle map
splat map
stucco map
waves map
wood map
compositor maps
composite map
mask map
mix map
rgb multiply map
color modifier maps
output map
rgb tint map
vertex color map
reflection and refraction maps
flat mirror map
raytrace map
reflect/refract map
thin wall refraction map
raytracer parameters rollout
raytrace: attenuation rollout
raytrace: basic material extensions rollout
raytrace: refractive material extensions rollout
mental ray shaders
custom shaders for
mental images shader libraries
shaders in the lumetools collection
connect parameter to shader dialog (mental ray)
3d displacement shader (mental ray)
bump shader (mental ray)
dgs material shader (mental ray)
dielectric material shader (mental ray)
environment shader (mental ray)
height map displacement shader (mental ray)
material to shader (mental ray)
shader list (mental ray)
uv generator shader (mental ray)
uv generator parameters rollout
shaders rollout (uv generator)
uv coordinate shader (mental ray)
xyz generator shader (mental ray)
xyz generator parameters rollout
shaders rollout (xyz generator)
xyz coordinate shader (mental ray)
normal bump map
camera map per pixel
assign vertex colors utility
channel info utility
clean multimaterial utility
instance duplicate maps utility
rendering
render scene dialog
rendered frame window
render output file dialog
rendering commands
render scene
render type
render bounding box/selected dialog
quick render flyout
quick render (production)
quick render (activeshade)
activeshade
activeshade floater
activeshade viewport
activeshade commands (quad menu)
preset rendering options
show last rendering
render last
print size wizard
common panel (render scene dialog)
common parameters rollout (render scene dialog)
configure preset dialog
email notifications rollout
scripts rollout (render scene dialog)
assign renderer rollout
choose renderer dialog
renderer panel (render scene dialog)
default scanline renderer rollout
advanced lighting panel
light tracer
modeling global illumination with radiosity
how radiosity works in
radiosity workflows
animation with radiosity
radiosity controls
radiosity processing parameters rollout
radiosity meshing parameters rollout
light painting rollout (radiosity)
rendering parameters rollout (radiosity)
statistics rollout (radiosity)
lighting analysis
using multi-pass rendering effects
mental ray renderer
rendering with the mental ray renderer
getting good results with mental ray rendering
materials in mental ray renderings
enhancements to standard features
processing panel (mental ray renderer)
mental ray messages window
mental ray concepts
ray-traced reflection