Header Background
Release 11.0 Documentation for ANSYS
 Next

Release 11.0 Documentation for ANSYS

Guide to the ANSYS Documentation

The manuals listed below form the ANSYS product documentation set. They include descriptions of the procedures, commands, elements, and theoretical details needed to use ANSYS. A brief description of each manual follows.

Commands Reference: Describes all ANSYS commands, in alphabetical order. It is the definitive reference for correct command usage, providing associated menu paths, product applicability, and usage notes.

Elements Reference: Describes all ANSYS element, in numerical order. It is the primary reference for correct element type input and output, providing comprehensive descriptions for every option of every element. Includes a pictorial catalog of the characteristics of each ANSYS element.

Operations Guide: Describes basic ANSYS operations such as starting, stopping, interactive or batch operation, using help, and use of the graphical user interface (GUI).

Basic Analysis Guide: Describes general tasks that apply to any type of analysis, including applying loads to a model, obtaining a solution, and using the ANSYS program's graphics capabilities to review results.

Advanced Analysis Techniques Guide: Discusses techniques commonly used for complex analyses or by experienced ANSYS users, including design optimization, manual rezoning, cyclic symmetry, rotating structures, submodeling, substructuring, component mode synthesis, and cross sections.

Modeling and Meshing Guide: Explains how to build a finite element model and mesh it.

Distributed ANSYS Guide: Explains how to configure a distributed processing environment and proceed with a distributed analysis.

Structural Analysis Guide: Describes how to perform the following structural analyses: static, modal, harmonic, transient, spectrum, buckling, nonlinear, material curve fitting, gasket joint simulation, fracture, composite, fatigue, p-method, beam, and shell.

Contact Technology Guide: Describes how to perform contact analyses (surface-to-surface, node-to-surface, node-to-node) and describes other contact-related features such as multipoint constraints and spot welds.

Multibody Analysis Guide: Describes how to perform a multibody simulation to analyze the dynamic behavior of a system of interconnected bodies comprised of flexible and/or rigid components.

Thermal Analysis Guide: Describes how to do steady-state or transient thermal analyses.

Fluids Analysis Guide: Describes how to perform fluid flow analyses including computational fluid dynamics, acoustics, and thin films.

Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Analysis Guide: Explains techniques for doing transient, static, or harmonic magnetic analyses; steady state current conduction; quasistatic harmonic and time-transient electric; electrostatic; and circuit.

High-Frequency Electromagnetic Analysis Guide: Explains how to do harmonic and modal high-frequency analyses.

Coupled-Field Analysis Guide: Explains how to perform analyses that involve an interaction between two or more fields of engineering.

ANSYS Parametric Design Language Guide: Describes features of the ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL), including parameters, array parameters, macros, and ways to interface with the ANSYS GUI. Explains how to automate common tasks or to build your model in terms of parameters. Includes a command reference for all APDL-related commands.

Troubleshooting Guide: A compilation of common error messages and resolution recommendations.

ANSYS LS-DYNA User's Guide: Explains how to perform an explicit dynamic analysis using the ANSYS LS-DYNA product. Describes features unique to explicit dynamics (element types, materials types, etc.), and also explains how to perform explicit-to-implicit and implicit-to-explicit sequential solutions.

ANSYS Connection User's Guide: Gives instructions for using the ANSYS Connection products, which help you import parts and models into ANSYS.

Verification Manual: Demonstrates a wide range of ANSYS elements and capabilities in simple, straightforward problems which have "classical" or readily-obtainable theoretical solutions. Most element types and major solution capabilities of ANSYS are included in this set of test cases. These problems may serve as the basis for additional validation and qualification of ANSYS capabilities for specific applications.

Theory Reference for ANSYS and ANSYS Workbench: Provides the theoretical basis for calculations in the ANSYS program, such as elements, solvers and results formulations, material models, and analysis methods. By understanding the underlying theory, you can make better use of ANSYS capabilities while being aware of assumptions and limitations.

All of the above manuals are available online through the ANSYS Help System, which can be accessed either as a stand-alone system or from within the ANSYS program.

NOTICE. The manuals above provide the complete specification of the ANSYS program referenced in your license agreement. This specification describes how to use the program, input required for commands and elements, and how the input data relate to the output.

Other documents (such as the ANSYS Tutorials and seminars, various Supplements, etc.) may be referenced by or listed in the ANSYS manuals listed above. However, these other documents are offered solely as aids, and do not undergo the same rigorous verification as the ANSYS product documentation set. No documents other than the manuals listed above are considered to be part of the formal program specification as stated in your license agreement.

Table of Contents

www.kxcad.net Home > CAE Index > ANSYS Index > Release 11.0 Documentation for ANSYS


Your Ad Here

Release Notes
About ANSYS 11.0 Documentation
1. Using Online Documentation
2. Legal Notice Information
3. Expert Search
1. ANSYS Release Notes for 11.0
1.1. ANSYS 11.0 New Features and Enhancements
1.1.1. Installation and Licensing Changes
1.1.2. Structural
1.1.3. Coupled-Field
1.1.4. Low-Frequency Electromagnetics
1.1.5. High-Frequency Electromagnetics
1.1.6. Thermal and Fluids/CFD
1.1.7. Solvers
1.1.8. Other ANSYS Enhancements
1.1.9. Commands
1.1.10. Elements
1.1.11. APDL Enhancements
1.1.12. Documentation Updates for Programmers
1.2. Known Incompatibilities in ANSYS 11.0
1.2.1. MASS21 with KEYOPT(2) = 1
1.2.2. MIDTOL Command
1.2.3. PLHFFAR and PRHFFAR Commands
1.2.4. MPC184 Element
1.2.5. SHELL208 and SHELL209 Elements
1.2.6. Results File Format Change
1.2.7. /CONFIG Command
1.3. The ANSYS Customer Portal
Commands Reference
1. About This Manual
1.1. Conventions Used in this Manual
1.1.1. Product Codes
1.1.2. Applicable ANSYS Products
1.2. ANSYS Product Capabilities
1.3. Terminology
1.4. ANSYS Command Characteristics
1.4.1. Data Input
1.4.2. Free-Format Input
1.4.3. Nonrestrictive Data Input
1.4.4. Condensed Data Input
1.4.5. Units
1.4.6. Defaults
1.4.7. File Names
1.4.8. Star and Slash Commands
2. Command Groupings
2.1. SESSION Commands
2.2. DATABASE Commands
2.3. GRAPHICS Commands
2.4. APDL Commands
2.5. PREP7 Commands
2.6. SOLUTION Commands
2.7. POST1 Commands
2.8. POST26 Commands
2.9. AUX2 Commands
2.10. AUX3 Commands
2.11. AUX12 Commands
2.12. AUX15 Commands
2.13. RUNSTATS Commands
2.14. OPTIMIZATION Commands
2.15. VARIATIONAL TECHNOLOGY Commands
2.16. PROBABILISTIC Design Commands
2.17. DISPLAY Program Commands
2.18. REDUCED Order Modeling Commands
2.19. Menu-Inaccessible Commands
3. Command Dictionary
4. APDL Commands
I. Connection Commands
~CAT5IN - Transfers a .CATPart file into the ANSYS program.
~CATIAIN - Transfers a CATIA model into the ANSYS program.
~PARAIN - Transfers a Parasolid file into the ANSYS program.
~PROEIN - Transfers a Pro/ENGINEER part into the ANSYS program.
~SATIN - Transfers a .SAT file into the ANSYS program.
~UGIN - Transfers a Unigraphics part into the ANSYS program.
II. A Commands
A - Defines an area by connecting keypoints.
AADD - Adds separate areas to create a single area.
AATT - Associates element attributes with the selected, unmeshed areas.
ABEXTRACT - Extracts the alpha-beta damping multipliers for Rayleigh damping.
ABS - Forms the absolute value of a variable.
ACCAT - Concatenates multiple areas in preparation for mapped meshing.
ACEL - Specifies the linear acceleration of the structure.
ACLEAR - Deletes nodes and area elements associated with selected areas.
ADAMS - Performs solutions and writes flexible body information to a modal neutral file (Jobname.MNF) for use in an ADAMS analysis.
ADAPT - Adaptively meshes and solves a model.
ADD - Adds variables.
ADDAM - Specifies the acceleration spectrum computation constants for the analysis of shock resistance of shipboard structures.
ADELE - Deletes unmeshed areas.
ADGL - Lists keypoints of an area that lie on a parametric degeneracy.
ADRAG - Generates areas by dragging a line pattern along a path.
AESIZE - Specifies the element size to be meshed onto areas.
AFILLT - Generates a fillet at the intersection of two areas.
AFLIST - Lists the current data in the database.
AFSURF - Generates surface elements overlaid on the surface of existing solid elements and assigns the extra node as the closest fluid element node.
AGEN - Generates additional areas from a pattern of areas.
AGLUE - Generates new areas by "gluing" areas.
AINA - Finds the intersection of areas.
AINP - Finds the pairwise intersection of areas.
AINV - Finds the intersection of an area with a volume.
AL - Generates an area bounded by previously defined lines.
ALIST - Lists the defined areas.
ALLSEL - Selects all entities with a single command.
ALPFILL - Fills in an area loop within an existing 2-D area (for models imported from CAD files).
ALPHAD - Defines the mass matrix multiplier for damping.
AMAP - Generates a 2-D mapped mesh based on specified area corners.
AMESH - Generates nodes and area elements within areas.
/AN3D - Specifies 3-D annotation functions
ANCNTR - Produces an animated sequence of a contoured deformed shape.
ANCUT - Produces an animated sequence of Q-slices.
ANCYC - Applies a traveling wave animation to graphics data in a modal cyclic symmetry analysis.
ANDATA - Produces a sequential contour animation over a range of results data.
ANDSCL - Produces an animated sequence of a deformed shape.
ANDYNA - Produces an animated sequence of contour values through substeps.
/ANFILE - Saves or resumes an animation sequence to or from a file.
ANFLOW - Produces an animated sequence of particle flow in a flowing fluid or a charged particle traveling in an electric or magnetic field.
/ANGLE - Rotates the display about an axis.
ANHARM - Produces a time-transient animated sequence of time-harmonic results or complex mode shapes.
ANIM - Displays graphics data in animated form.
ANISOS - Produces an animated sequence of an isosurface.
ANMODE - Produces an animated sequence of a mode shape.
ANMRES - Performs animation of results over multiple results files in an explicit dynamic structural analysis or fluid flow analysis with remeshing.
/ANNOT - Activates graphics for annotating displays (GUI).
ANORM - Reorients area normals.
ANSOL - Specifies averaged nodal data to be stored from the results file in the solution coordinate system.
ANSTOAQWA - Creates an AQWA-LINE input file from the current ANSYS model.
ANSTOASAS - Creates an ASAS input file from the current ANSYS model.
ANTIME - Produces a sequential contour animation over a range of time.
ANTYPE - Specifies the analysis type and restart status.
/ANUM - Specifies the annotation number, type, and hot spot (GUI).
AOFFST - Generates an area, offset from a given area.
AOVLAP - Overlaps areas.
APLOT - Displays the selected areas.
APPEND - Reads data from the results file and appends it to the database.
APTN - Partitions areas.
ARCLEN - Activates the arc-length method.
ARCOLLAPSE - Collapses specified area to a specified line segment (for models imported from CAD files).
ARCTRM - Controls termination of the arc-length solution.
ARDETACH - Detaches areas from neighboring geometrical entities (for models imported from CAD files).
AREAS - Specifies "Areas" as the subsequent status topic.
AREFINE - Refines the mesh around specified areas.
AREMESH - Generates an area in which to create a new mesh for rezoning.
AREVERSE - Reverses the normal of an area, regardless of its connectivity or mesh status.
ARFILL - Creates an area based on a set of singly-connected lines (for models imported from CAD files).
ARMERGE - Merges two or more singly-connected adjacent areas (for models imported from CAD files).
AROTAT - Generates cylindrical areas by rotating a line pattern about an axis.
ARSCALE - Generates a scaled set of areas from a pattern of areas.
ARSPLIT - Splits an area between two keypoints (for models imported from CAD files).
ARSYM - Generates areas from an area pattern by symmetry reflection.
ASBA - Subtracts areas from areas.
ASBL - Subtracts lines from areas.
ASBV - Subtracts volumes from areas.
ASBW - Subtracts the intersection of the working plane from areas (divides areas).
ASEL - Selects a subset of areas.
ASKIN - Generates an area by "skinning" a surface through guiding lines.
ASLL - Selects those areas containing the selected lines.
ASLV - Selects those areas contained in the selected volumes.
/ASSIGN - Reassigns a file name to an ANSYS file identifier.
ASUB - Generates an area using the shape of an existing area.
ASUM - Calculates and prints geometry statistics of the selected areas.
ATAN - Forms the arctangent of a complex variable.
ATRAN - Transfers a pattern of areas to another coordinate system.
ATYPE - Specifies "Analysis types" as the subsequent status topic.
/AUTO - Resets the focus and distance specifications to "automatically calculated."
AUTOTS - Specifies whether to use automatic time stepping or load stepping.
/AUX2 - Enters the binary file dumping processor.
/AUX3 - Enters the results file editing processor.
/AUX12 - Enters the radiation processor.
/AUX15 - Enters the IGES file transfer processor.
AVPRIN - Specifies how principal and vector sums are to be calculated.
AVRES - Specifies how results data will be averaged when PowerGraphics is enabled.
/AXLAB - Labels the X and Y axes on graph displays.
III. B Commands
/BATCH - Sets the program mode to "batch."
BCSOPTION - Sets memory option for the sparse solver.
BELLOW - Defines a bellows in a piping run.
BEND - Defines a bend in a piping run.
BETAD - Defines the stiffness matrix multiplier for damping.
BF - Defines a nodal body force load.
BFA - Defines a body force load on an area.
BFADELE - Deletes body force loads on an area.
BFALIST - Lists the body force loads on an area.
BFCUM - Specifies that nodal body force loads are to be accumulated.
BFDELE - Deletes nodal body force loads.
BFE - Defines an element body force load.
BFECUM - Specifies whether to ignore subsequent element body force loads.
BFEDELE - Deletes element body force loads.
BFELIST - Lists the element body force loads.
BFESCAL - Scales element body force loads.
BFINT - Activates the body force interpolation operation.
BFK - Defines a body force load at a keypoint.
BFKDELE - Deletes body force loads at a keypoint.
BFKLIST - Lists the body force loads at keypoints.
BFL - Defines a body force load on a line.
BFLDELE - Deletes body force loads on a line.
BFLIST - Lists the body force loads on nodes.
BFLLIST - Lists the body force loads on a line.
BFSCALE - Scales body force loads at nodes.
BFTRAN - Transfers solid model body force loads to the finite element model.
BFUNIF - Assigns a uniform body force load to all nodes.
BFV - Defines a body force load on a volume.
BFVDELE - Deletes body force loads on a volume.
BFVLIST - Lists the body force loads on a volume.
BIOOPT - Specifies "Biot-Savart options" as the subsequent status topic.
BIOT - Calculates the Biot-Savart source magnetic field intensity.
BLC4 - Creates a rectangular area or block volume by corner points.
BLC5 - Creates a rectangular area or block volume by center and corner points.
BLOCK - Creates a block volume based on working plane coordinates.
BOOL - Specifies "Booleans" as the subsequent status topic.
BOPTN - Specifies Boolean operation options.
BRANCH - Defines the starting point for a piping branch.
BSAX - Specifies the axial strain and axial force relationship for beam sections.
BSMD - Specifies mass density for a nonlinear general beam section.
BSM1 - Specifies the bending curvature and moment relationship in plane XZ for beam sections.
BSM2 - Specifies the bending curvature and moment relationship in plane XY for beam sections.
BSPLIN - Generates a single line from a spline fit to a series of keypoints.
BSS1 - Specifies the transverse shear strain and force relationship in plane XZ for beam sections.
BSS2 - Specifies the transverse shear strain and force relationship in plane XY for beam sections.
BSTE - Specifies a thermal expansion coefficient for a nonlinear general beam section.
BSTQ - Specifies the cross section twist and torque relationship for beam sections.
BTOL - Specifies the Boolean operation tolerances.
BUCOPT - Specifies buckling analysis options.
IV. C Commands
C*** - Places a comment in the output.
CALC - Specifies "Calculation settings" as the subsequent status topic.
CAMPBELL - Prepares the result file for a subsequent Campbell diagram of a prestressed structure.
CBDOF - Activates cut boundary interpolation (for submodeling).
CDOPT - Specifies format to be used for archiving geometry.
CDREAD - Reads a file of solid model and database information into the database.
CDWRITE - Writes geometry and load database items to a file.
CE - Defines a constraint equation relating degrees of freedom.
CECHECK - Check constraint equations and couplings for rigid body motions.
CECMOD - Modifies the constant term of a constraint equation during solution.
CECYC - Generates the constraint equations for a cyclic symmetry analysis
CEDELE - Deletes constraint equations.
CEINTF - Generates constraint equations at an interface.
CELIST - Lists the constraint equations.
CENTER - Defines a node at the center of curvature of 2 or 3 nodes.
CEQN - Specifies "Constraint equations" as the subsequent status topic.
CERIG - Defines a rigid region.
CESGEN - Generates a set of constraint equations from existing sets.
CFACT - Defines complex scaling factors to be used with operations.
/CFORMAT - Controls the graphical display of alphanumeric character strings for parameters, components, assemblies, and tables.
CGLOC - Specifies the origin location of the acceleration coordinate system.
CGOMGA - Specifies the rotational velocity of the global origin.
CHECK - Checks current database items for completeness.
CHKMSH - Checks area and volume entities for previous meshes.
CINT - Defines parameters associated with contour integral calculations
CIRCLE - Generates circular arc lines.
CISOL - Stores J-integral information in a variable.
/CLABEL - Specifies contour labeling.
/CLEAR - Clears the database.
CLOCAL - Defines a local coordinate system relative to the active coordinate system.
CLOG - Forms the common log of a variable
/CLOG - Copies the session log file to a named file.
CLRMSHLN - Clears meshed entities.
CM - Groups geometry items into a component.
CMACEL - Specifies the translational acceleration of an element component
/CMAP - Changes an existing or creates a new color mapping table.
CMATRIX - Performs electrostatic field solutions and calculates the self and mutual capacitances between multiple conductors.
CMDELE - Deletes a component or assembly definition.
CMDOMEGA - Specifies the rotational acceleration of an element component about a user-defined rotational axis.
CMEDIT - Edits an existing assembly.
CMGRP - Groups components and assemblies into an assembly.
CMLIST - Lists the contents of a component or assembly.
CMMOD - Modifies the specification of a component.
CMOMEGA - Specifies the rotational velocity of an element component about a user-defined rotational axis.
CMPLOT - Plots the entities contained in a component or assembly.
CMROTATE - Specifies the rotational velocity of an element component about a user-defined rotational axis
CMSEL - Selects a subset of components and assemblies.
CMSFILE - Specifies a list of component mode synthesis (CMS) results files for plotting results on the assembly.
CMSOPT - Specifies component mode synthesis (CMS) analysis options.
CMWRITE - Writes components and assemblies to a file.
CNCHECK - Provides and/or adjusts the initial status of contact pairs.
CNVTOL - Sets convergence values for nonlinear analyses.
/COLOR - Specifies the color mapping for various items.
/COM - Places a comment in the output.
COMPRESS - Deletes all specified sets.
CON4 - Creates a conical volume anywhere on the working plane.
CONE - Creates a conical volume centered about the working plane origin.
/CONFIG - Assigns values to ANSYS configuration parameters.
CONJUG - Forms the complex conjugate of a variable.
/CONTOUR - Specifies the uniform contour values on stress displays.
/COPY - Copies a file.
CORIOLIS - Applies the Coriolis effect to a rotating structure.
COUPLE - Specifies "Node coupling" as the subsequent status topic.
COVAL - Defines PSD cospectral values.
CP - Defines (or modifies) a set of coupled degrees of freedom.
CPCYC - Couples the two side faces of a cyclically symmetric model for loadings that are the same on every segment.
CPDELE - Deletes coupled degree of freedom sets.
CPINTF - Defines coupled degrees of freedom at an interface.
/CPLANE - Specifies the cutting plane for section and capped displays.
CPLGEN - Generates sets of coupled nodes from an existing set.
CPLIST - Lists the coupled degree of freedom sets.
CPMERGE - Merges different couple sets with duplicate degrees of freedom into one couple set.
CPNGEN - Defines, modifies, or adds to a set of coupled degrees of freedom.
CPSGEN - Generates sets of coupled nodes from existing sets.
CQC - Specifies the complete quadratic mode combination method.
CRPLIM - Specifies the creep criterion for automatic time stepping.
CS - Defines a local coordinate system by three node locations.
CSCIR - Locates the singularity for non-Cartesian local coordinate systems.
CSDELE - Deletes local coordinate systems.
CSKP - Defines a local coordinate system by three keypoint locations.
CSLIST - Lists coordinate systems.
CSWPLA - Defines a local coordinate system at the origin of the working plane.
CSYS - Activates a previously defined coordinate system.
/CTYPE - Specifies the type of contour display.
CURR2D - Calculates current flow in a 2-D conductor.
CUTCONTROL - Controls time-step cutback during a nonlinear solution.
/CVAL - Specifies nonuniform contour values on stress displays.
CVAR - Computes covariance between two quantities.
/CWD - Changes the current working directory.
/CYCEXPAND - Graphically expands displacements, stresses and strains of a cyclically symmetric model.
CYCLIC - Specifies a cyclic symmetry analysis.
CYCOPT - Specifies solution options for a cyclic symmetry analysis.
CYCPHASE - Provides tools for determining minimum and maximum possible result values from frequency couplets produced in a modal cyclic symmetry analysis.
CYL4 - Creates a circular area or cylindrical volume anywhere on the working plane.
CYL5 - Creates a circular area or cylindrical volume by end points.
CYLIND - Creates a cylindrical volume centered about the working plane origin.
CZDEL - Edits or clears cohesive zone sections.
CZMESH - Create and mesh an interface area composed of cohesive zone elements.
V. D Commands
D - Defines DOF constraints at nodes.
DA - Defines DOF constraints on areas.
DADELE - Deletes DOF constraints on an area.
DALIST - Lists the DOF constraints on an area.
DAMORPH - Move nodes in selected areas to conform to structural displacements.
DATA - Reads data records from a file into a variable.
DATADEF - Specifies "Directly defined data status" as the subsequent status topic.
DCGOMG - Specifies the rotational acceleration of the global origin.
DCUM - Specifies that DOF constraint values are to be accumulated.
DCVSWP - Performs a DC voltage sweep on a ROM element.
DDELE - Deletes degree of freedom constraints.
DEACT - Specifies "Element birth and death" as the subsequent status topic.
DECOMP - Decomposes the model into domains used by Distributed ANSYS
DEFINE - Specifies "Data definition settings" as the subsequent status topic.
DELETE - Specifies sets in the results file to be deleted before postprocessing.
/DELETE - Deletes a file.
DELTIM - Specifies the time step sizes to be used for this load step.
DEMORPH - Move nodes in selected elements to conform to structural displacements.
DERIV - Differentiates a variable.
DESIZE - Controls default element sizes.
DESOL - Defines or modifies solution results at a node of an element.
DETAB - Modifies element table results in the database.
/DEVDISP - Controls graphics device options.
/DEVICE - Controls graphics device options.
DIG - Digitizes nodes to a surface.
DIGIT - Specifies "Node digitizing" as the subsequent status topic.
DISPLAY - Specifies "Display settings" as the subsequent status topic.
/DIST - Specifies the viewing distance for magnifications and perspective.
DJ - Specifies boundary conditions on the components of relative motion of a joint element.
DJDELE - Deletes boundary conditions on the components of relative motion of a joint element.
DJLIST - Lists boundary conditions applied to joint elements.
DK - Defines DOF constraints at keypoints.
DKDELE - Deletes DOF constraints at a keypoint.
DKLIST - Lists the DOF constraints at keypoints.
DL - Defines DOF constraints on lines.
DLDELE - Deletes DOF constraints on a line.
DLIST - Lists DOF constraints.
DLLIST - Lists DOF constraints on a line.
DMOVE - Digitizes nodes on surfaces and along intersections.
DMPEXT - Extracts modal damping coefficients in a specified frequency range.
DMPRAT - Sets a constant damping ratio.
DNSOL - Defines or modifies solution results at a node.
DOF - Adds degrees of freedom to the current DOF set.
DOFSEL - Selects a DOF label set for reference by other commands.
DOMEGA - Specifies the rotational acceleration of the structure.
DSCALE - Scales DOF constraint values.
/DSCALE - Sets the displacement multiplier for displacement displays.
DSET - Sets the scale and drawing plane orientation for a digitizing tablet.
DSPOPTION - Sets memory option for the distributed sparse solver.
DSUM - Specifies the double sum mode combination method.
DSURF - Defines the surface upon which digitized nodes lie.
DSYM - Specifies symmetry or antisymmetry DOF constraints on nodes.
DSYS - Activates a display coordinate system for geometry listings and plots.
DTRAN - Transfers solid model DOF constraints to the finite element model.
DUMP - Dumps the contents of a binary file.
/DV3D - Sets 3-D device option modes.
DVMORPH - Move nodes in selected volumes to conform to structural displacements.
DYNOPT - Specifies "Dynamic analysis options" as the subsequent status topic.
VI. E Commands
E - Defines an element by node connectivity.
EALIVE - Reactivates an element (for the birth and death capability).
EDADAPT - Activates adaptive meshing in an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDALE - Assigns mesh smoothing to explicit dynamic elements that use the ALE formulation.
EDASMP - Creates a part assembly to be used in an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDBOUND - Defines a boundary plane for sliding or cyclic symmetry.
EDBX - Creates a box shaped volume to be used in a contact definition for explicit dynamics.
EDBVIS - Specifies global bulk viscosity coefficients for an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDCADAPT - Specifies adaptive meshing controls for an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDCGEN - Specifies contact parameters for an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDCLIST - Lists contact entity specifications in an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDCMORE - Specifies additional contact parameters for a given contact definition in an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDCNSTR - Defines various types of constraints for an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDCONTACT - Specifies contact surface controls for an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDCPU - Specifies CPU time limit for an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDCRB - Constrains two rigid bodies to act as one in an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDCSC - Specifies whether to use subcycling in an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDCTS - Specifies mass scaling and scale factor of computed time step for an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDCURVE - Specifies data curves for an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDDAMP - Defines mass weighted (Alpha) or stiffness weighted (Beta) damping for an explicit dynamics model.
EDDBL - Selects a numerical precision type of the explicit dynamics analysis.
EDDC - Deletes or deactivates/reactivates contact surface specifications in an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDDRELAX - Activates initialization to a prescribed geometry or dynamic relaxation for the explicit analysis.
EDDUMP - Specifies output frequency for the explicit dynamic restart file (d3dump).
EDELE - Deletes selected elements from the model.
EDENERGY - Specifies energy dissipation controls for an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDFPLOT - Allows plotting of explicit dynamics forces and other load symbols.
EDGCALE - Defines global ALE controls for an explicit dynamic analysis.
/EDGE - Displays only the "edges" of an object.
EDHGLS - Specifies the hourglass coefficient for an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDHIST - Specifies time-history output for an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDHTIME - Specifies the time-history output interval for an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDINT - Specifies number of integration points for explicit shell and beam output.
EDIPART - Defines inertia for rigid parts in an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDIS - Specifies stress initialization in an explicit dynamic full restart analysis.
EDLCS - Defines a local coordinate system for use in explicit dynamics analysis.
EDLOAD - Specifies loads for an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDMP - Defines material properties for an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDNB - Defines a nonreflecting boundary in an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDNDTSD - Allows smoothing of noisy data for explicit dynamics analyses and provides a graphical representation of the data.
EDNROT - Applies a rotated coordinate nodal constraint in an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDOPT - Specifies the type of output for an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDOUT - Specifies time-history output (ASCII format) for an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDPART - Configures parts for an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDPC - Selects and plots explicit dynamic contact entities.
EDPL - Plots a time dependent load curve in an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDPVEL - Applies initial velocities to parts or part assemblies in an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDRC - Specifies rigid/deformable switch controls in an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDRD - Switches a part from deformable to rigid or from rigid to deformable in an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDREAD - Reads explicit dynamics output into variables for time-history postprocessing.
EDRI - Defines inertia properties for a new rigid body that is created when a deformable part is switched to rigid in an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDRST - Specifies the output interval for an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDRUN - Specify LS-DYNA serial or parallel processing.
EDSHELL - Specifies shell computation controls for an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDSOLV - Specifies "explicit dynamics solution" as the subsequent status topic.
EDSP - Specifies small penetration checking for contact entities in an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDSTART - Specifies status (new or restart) of an explicit dynamics analysis.
EDTERM - Specifies termination criteria for an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDTP - Plots explicit elements based on their time step size.
EDVEL - Applies initial velocities to nodes or node components in an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDWELD - Defines a massless spotweld or generalized weld for use in an explicit dynamic analysis.
EDWRITE - Writes explicit dynamics input to an LS-DYNA input file.
/EFACET - Specifies the number of facets per element edge for PowerGraphics displays.
EGEN - Generates elements from an existing pattern.
EINTF - Defines two-node elements between coincident or offset nodes.
EKILL - Deactivates an element (for the birth and death capability).
ELEM - Specifies "Elements" as the subsequent status topic.
ELIST - Lists the elements and their attributes.
EMAGERR - Calculates the relative error in an electrostatic or electromagnetic field analysis.
EMATWRITE - Forces the writing of all the element matrices to File.EMAT.
EMF - Calculates the electromotive force (emf), or voltage drop along a predefined path.
EMFT - Summarizes electromagnetic forces and torques.
EMID - Adds or removes midside nodes.
EMIS - Specifies emissivity as a material property for the Radiation Matrix method.
EMODIF - Modifies a previously defined element.
EMORE - Adds more nodes to the just-defined element.
EMSYM - Specifies circular symmetry for electromagnetic sources.
EMTGEN - Generates a set of TRANS126 elements.
EMUNIT - Specifies the system of units for magnetic field problems.
EN - Defines an element by its number and node connectivity.
ENDRELEASE - Specifies degrees of freedom to be decoupled for end release.
ENERSOL - Specifies the total energies to be stored.
ENGEN - Generates elements from an existing pattern.
ENORM - Reorients shell element normals or line element node connectivity.
ENSYM - Generates elements by symmetry reflection.
/EOF - Exits the file being read.
EORIENT - Reorients solid element normals.
EPLOT - Produces an element display.
EQSLV - Specifies the type of equation solver.
ERASE - Explicitly erases the current display.
/ERASE - Specifies that the screen is to be erased before each display.
EREAD - Reads elements from a file.
EREFINE - Refines the mesh around specified elements.
EREINF - Generates reinforcing elements from selected existing (base) elements.
ERESX - Specifies extrapolation of integration point results.
ERNORM - Controls error estimation calculations.
ERRANG - Specifies the element range to be read from a file.
ESCHECK - Perform element shape checking for a selected element set.
ESEL - Selects a subset of elements.
/ESHAPE - Displays elements with shapes determined from the real constants or section definition.
ESIZE - Specifies the default number of line divisions.
ESLA - Selects those elements associated with the selected areas.
ESLL - Selects those elements associated with the selected lines.
ESLN - Selects those elements attached to the selected nodes.
ESLV - Selects elements associated with the selected volumes.
ESOL - Specifies element data to be stored from the results file.
ESORT - Sorts the element table.
ESSOLV - Performs a coupled electrostatic-structural analysis.
ESTIF - Specifies the matrix multiplier for deactivated elements.
ESURF - Generates elements overlaid on the free faces of existing selected elements.
ESYM - Generates elements from a pattern by a symmetry reflection.
ESYS - Sets the element coordinate system attribute pointer.
ET - Defines a local element type from the element library.
ETABLE - Fills a table of element values for further processing.
ETCHG - Changes element types to their corresponding types.
ETCONTROL - Control the element technologies used in element formulation (for applicable elements).
ETDELE - Deletes element types.
ETLIST - Lists currently defined element types.
ETYPE - Specifies "Element types" as the subsequent status topic.
EUSORT - Restores original order of the element table.
EWRITE - Writes elements to a file.
/EXIT - Stops the run and returns control to the system.
EXP - Forms the exponential of a variable.
EXPAND - Displays the results of a modal cyclic symmetry analysis.
/EXPAND - Allows the creation of a larger graphic display than represented by the actual finite element analysis model.
EXPASS - Specifies an expansion pass of an analysis.
EXPROFILE - Exports ANSYS interface loads to a CFX Profile file.
EXPSOL - Specifies the solution to be expanded for reduced analyses.
EXTOPT - Controls options relating to the generation of volume elements from area elements.
EXTREM - Lists the extreme values for variables.
EXUNIT - Indicates units assumed for an interface load for ANSYS to CFX transfer.
VII. F Commands
F - Specifies force loads at nodes.
/FACET - Specifies the facet representation used to form solid model displays.
FATIGUE - Specifies "Fatigue data status" as the subsequent status topic.
FC - Provides failure criteria information and activates a data table to input temperature-dependent stress and strain limits.
FCCHECK - Checks both the strain and stress input criteria for all materials.
FCDELE - Deletes previously defined failure criterion data for the given material.
FCLIST - To list what the failure criteria is that you have input.
FCUM - Specifies that force loads are to be accumulated.
FDELE - Deletes force loads on nodes.
/FDELE - Deletes a binary file after it is used.
FE - Defines a set of fatigue event parameters.
FEBODY - Specifies "Body loads on elements" as the subsequent status topic.
FECONS - Specifies "Constraints on nodes" as the subsequent status topic.
FEFOR - Specifies "Forces on nodes" as the subsequent status topic.
FELIST - Lists the fatigue event parameters.
FESURF - Specifies "Surface loads on elements" as the subsequent status topic.
FILE - Specifies the data file where results are to be found.
FILEAUX2 - Specifies the binary file to be dumped.
FILEAUX3 - Specifies the results file to be edited.
FILEDISP - Specifies the file containing the graphics data.
FILL - Generates a line of nodes between two existing nodes.
FILLDATA - Fills a variable by a ramp function.
/FILNAME - Changes the Jobname for the analysis.
FINISH - Exits normally from a processor.
FITEM - Identifies items chosen by a picking operation (GUI).
FJ - Specify forces or moments on the components of the relative motion of a joint element.
FJDELE - Deletes forces (or moments) on the components of the relative motion of a joint element.
FJLIST - Lists forces and moments applied on joint elements.
FK - Defines force loads at keypoints.
FKDELE - Deletes force loads at a keypoint.
FKLIST - Lists the forces at keypoints.
FL - Defines a set of fatigue location parameters.
FLANGE - Defines a flange in a piping run.
FLDATA - Sets up a FLOTRAN analysis.
FLDATA1 - Controls which features of the solution algorithm are activated.
FLDATA2 - Sets iteration and output controls for steady state analyses.
FLDATA3 - Sets the convergence monitors for the degree of freedom set.
FLDATA4 - Sets controls for transient analyses based on transient time and convergence monitors or sets time integration method.
FLDATA4A - Sets controls for transient analyses based on the number of time steps.
FLDATA5 - Sets output and storage controls.
FLDATA6 - Controls the output of the convergence monitor.
FLDATA7 - Specifies the type of fluid property.
FLDATA8 - Specifies the NOMI coefficient of the fluid property equation.
FLDATA9 - Specifies the COF1 coefficient of the fluid property equation.
FLDATA10 - Specifies the COF2 coefficient of the fluid property equation.
FLDATA11 - Specifies the COF3 coefficient of the fluid property equation.
FLDATA12 - Sets the property update frequency flag.
FLDATA13 - Sets the property variation flag.
FLDATA14 - Specifies the reference temperature.
FLDATA15 - Specifies the reference pressure.
FLDATA16 - Specifies the bulk modulus parameter.
FLDATA17 - Specifies the specific heat ratio.
FLDATA18 - Selects the algebraic solver.
FLDATA19 - Specifies the number of TDMA sweeps.
FLDATA20 - Specifies the number of conjugate direction search vectors.
FLDATA20A - Specifies the amount of fill-in when preconditioning the coefficient matrix.
FLDATA20B - Specifies the number of fill-ins for the ILU preconditioner.
FLDATA21 - Specifies the convergence criterion for FLOTRAN algebraic solvers.
FLDATA22 - Specifies the maximum number of semi-direct iterations.
FLDATA23 - Specifies the solver minimum normalized rate of change.
FLDATA24 - Sets the turbulence model and the constants used in the Standard k-ε Model and the Zero Equation Turbulence Model.
FLDATA24A - Sets constants for the Re-Normalized Group Turbulence Model (RNG).
FLDATA24B - Sets constants for the k-ε Turbulence Model due to Shih (NKE).
FLDATA24C - Sets constants for the Nonlinear Turbulence Model of Girimaji (GIR).
FLDATA24D - Sets constants for the Shih, Zhu, Lumley Turbulence Model (SZL).
FLDATA24E - Sets constants for the k-ω turbulence model.
FLDATA24F - Sets the turbulent production clip factor for the Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model.
FLDATA24G - Sets constants in the k-ω regime for the Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model.
FLDATA24H - Sets constants in the k-ε regime for the Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model.
FLDATA25 - Sets solution and property relaxation factors.
FLDATA26 - Sets stability controls.
FLDATA27 - Controls dependent variable printing.
FLDATA28 - Specifies that variable results are to be replaced.
FLDATA29 - Re-initializes a results variable.
FLDATA30 - Controls the quadrature orders.
FLDATA31 - Specifies dependent variable caps.
FLDATA32 - Controls restart options.
FLDATA33 - Specifies the approach to discretize the advection term.
FLDATA34 - Sets modified inertial relaxation factors.
FLDATA35 - Specifies tolerances for the lower and upper bound of the volume fraction.
FLDATA36 - Specifies ambient reference values outside of the fluid for the volume of fluid (VOF) method.
FLDATA37 - Specifies segregated solution or film coefficient algorithms.
FLDATA38 - Specifies the mass type for a fluid transient analysis.
FLDATA39 - Specifies remeshing parameters for transient fluid flow and fluid-solid interaction analyses.
FLDATA40 - Controls activation of thermal stabilization near walls.
FLIST - Lists force loads on the nodes.
FLLIST - Lists the fatigue location parameters.
FLOCHECK - Sets up and runs a zero-iteration FLOTRAN analysis.
FLOTRAN - Specifies "FLOTRAN data settings" as the subsequent status topic.
FLREAD - Reads the residual file written by the FLOTRAN CFD option.
FLST - Specifies data required for a picking operation (GUI).
FLUXV - Calculates the flux passing through a closed contour.
FMAGBC - Applies force and torque boundary conditions to an element component.
FMAGSUM - Summarizes electromagnetic force calculations on element components.
/FOCUS - Specifies the focus point (center of the window).
FOR2D - Calculates magnetic forces on a body.
FORCE - Selects the element nodal force type for output.
FORM - Specifies the format of the file dump.
/FORMAT - Specifies format controls for tables.
FP - Defines the fatigue S vs. N and Sm vs. T tables.
FPLIST - Lists the property table stored for fatigue evaluation.
FREQ - Defines the frequency points for the SV vs. FREQ tables.
FRQSCL - Turns on automatic scaling of the entire mass matrix and frequency range for modal analyses using the Block Lanczos or PCG Lanczos mode extraction method.
FS - Stores fatigue stress components at a node.
FSCALE - Scales force load values in the database.
FSDELE - Deletes a stress condition for a fatigue location, event, and loading.
FSLIST - Lists the stresses stored for fatigue evaluation.
FSNODE - Calculates and stores the stress components at a node for fatigue.
FSPLOT - Displays a fatigue stress item for a fatigue location and event.
FSSECT - Calculates and stores total linearized stress components.
FSSPARM - Calculates reflection and transmission properties of a frequency selective surface.
FSUM - Sums the nodal force and moment contributions of elements.
FTCALC - Performs fatigue calculations for a particular node location.
FTRAN - Transfers solid model forces to the finite element model.
FTSIZE - Defines the fatigue data storage array.
FTWRITE - Writes all currently stored fatigue data on a file.
FVMESH - Generates nodes and tetrahedral volume elements from detached exterior area elements (facets).
VIII. G Commands
GAP - Specifies "Reduced transient gap conditions" as the subsequent status topic.
GAPF - Defines the gap force data to be stored in a variable.
GAPFINISH - Exits from the CAD import topology repair stage.
GAPLIST - Lists all joined or disjoined lines in a model (for models imported from CAD files).
GAPMERGE - Merges adjacent disjoined lines (for models imported from CAD files).
GAPOPT - Sets preferences for the CAD import repair commands.
GAPPLOT - Plots all joined or disjoined lines (for models imported from CAD files).
GAUGE - Gauges the problem domain for an edge-element formulation.
/GCMD - Controls the type of element or graph display used for the GPLOT command.
/GCOLUMN - Allows the user to apply a label to a specified curve.
GENOPT - Specifies "General options" as the subsequent status topic.
GEOM - Defines the geometry specifications for the radiation matrix calculation.
GEOMETRY - Specifies "Geometry" as the subsequent status topic.
/GFILE - Specifies the pixel resolution on Z-buffered graphics files.
/GFORMAT - Specifies the format for the graphical display of numbers.
/GLINE - Specifies the element outline style.
/GMARKER - Specifies the curve marking style.
GMATRIX - Performs electric field solutions and calculates the self and mutual conductance between multiple conductors.
GMFACE - Specifies the facet representation used to form solid models.
/GO - Reactivates suppressed printout.
/GOLIST - Reactivates the suppressed data input listing.
/GOPR - Reactivates suppressed printout.
GP - Defines a gap condition for transient analyses.
GPDELE - Deletes gap conditions.
GPLIST - Lists the gap conditions.
GPLOT - Controls general plotting.
/GRAPHICS - Defines the type of graphics display.
/GRESUME - Sets graphics settings to the settings on a file.
/GRID - Selects the type of grid on graph displays.
/GROPT - Sets various line graph display options.
GRP - Specifies the grouping mode combination method.
/GRTYP - Selects single or multiple Y-axes graph displays.
/GSAVE - Saves graphics settings to a file for later use.
GSBDATA - Specifies the constraints or applies the load at the ending point for generalized plane strain option.
GSGDATA - Specifies the reference point and defines the geometry in the fiber direction for the generalized plane strain element option.
GSLIST - When using generalized plane strain, lists the input data or solutions.
GSSOL - Specifies which results to store from the results file when using generalized plane strain.
/GST - Turns Graphical Solution Tracking (GST) on or off.
GSUM - Calculates and prints geometry items.
/GTHK - Sets line thicknesses for graph lines.
/GTYPE - Controls the entities that the GPLOT command displays.
IX. H Commands
HARFRQ - Defines the frequency range in the harmonic response analysis.
/HBC - Determines how boundary condition symbols are displayed in a display window.
HBMAT - Writes an assembled global matrix in Harwell-Boeing format.
/HEADER - Sets page and table heading print controls.
HELP - Displays help information on ANSYS commands and element types.
HELPDISP - Displays help information on DISPLAY program commands.
HEMIOPT - Specifies options for Hemicube view factor calculation.
HFADP - Turns a high-frequency adaptive error calculation on or off.
HFANG - Defines or displays spatial angles of a spherical radiation surface for antenna parameter calculations.
HFARRAY - Defines phased array antenna characteristics.
HFDEEM - Calibrates S-parameter phase shift.
HFEIGOPT - Specifies high frequency electromagnetic modal analysis options.
HFEREFINE - Automatically refines high-frequency tetrahedral elements (HF119) or lists high-frequency brick elements (HF120) with the largest error.
HFMODPRT - Calculates electromagnetic field distribution for a modal port.
HFNEAR - Calculates the electromagnetic field at points in the near zone exterior to the equivalent source surface (flagged with the Maxwell surface flag in the preprocessor).
HFPA - Specifies a radiation scan angle for a phased array antenna analysis.
HFPCSWP - Calculates the propagating constants of a transmission line or waveguide over a frequency range.
HFPOWER - Calculates power terms of a multi-port network.
HFPORT - Specifies input data for waveguide, modal, lumped gap, or plane wave ports.
HFSCAT - Specifies a high-frequency scattering analysis.
HFSWEEP - Performs a harmonic response for a high-frequency electromagnetic wave guide analysis.
HFSYM - Indicates the presence of symmetry planes for the computation of high-frequency electromagnetic fields in the near and far field domains (beyond the finite element region).
HMAGSOLV - Specifies 2-D or axisymmetric harmonic magnetic solution options and initiates the solution.
HPGL - Specifies various HP options.
HPTCREATE - Defines a hard point.
HPTDELETE - Deletes selected hardpoints.
HRCPLX - Computes and stores in the database the time-harmonic solution at a prescribed phase angle.
HREXP - Specifies the phase angle for the harmonic analysis expansion pass.
HROPT - Specifies harmonic analysis options.
HROUT - Specifies the harmonic analysis output options.
X. I Commands
IC - Specifies initial conditions at nodes.
ICDELE - Deletes initial conditions at nodes.
ICE - Specifies initial conditions on elements.
ICEDELE - Deletes initial conditions on elements.
ICELIST - Lists initial conditions on elements.
ICLIST - Lists the initial conditions.
/ICLWID - Scales the line width of circuit builder icons.
/ICSCALE - Scales the icon size for elements supported in the circuit builder.
ICVFRC - Sets the initial volume fraction field for a geometry.
IGESIN - Transfers IGES data from a file into ANSYS.
IGESOUT - Writes solid model data to a file in IGES Version 5.1 format.
/IMAGE - Allows graphics data to be captured and saved.
IMAGIN - Forms an imaginary variable from a complex variable.
IMESH - Generates nodes and interface elements along lines or areas.
IMMED - Allows immediate display of a model as it is generated.
IMPD - Calculates the impedance of a conductor at a reference plane.
INISTATE - Defines initial state data and parameters.
/INPUT - Switches the input file for the commands that follow.
INRES - Identifies the data to be retrieved from the results file.
INRTIA - Specifies Inertial loads as the subsequent status topic.
INT1 - Integrates a variable.
INTSRF - Integrates nodal results on an exterior surface.
IOPTN - Controls options relating to importing a model.
IRLF - Specifies that inertia relief calculations are to be performed.
IRLIST - Prints inertia relief summary table.
ISFILE - Reads an initial stress state from a file into ANSYS.
ISTRESS -
ISWRITE - Writes an ASCII file containing the initial stress values.
XI. J Commands
JPEG - Provides JPEG file export for ANSYS displays.
JSOL - Specifies result items to be stored for the joint element.
XII. K Commands
K - Defines a keypoint.
KATT - Associates attributes with the selected, unmeshed keypoints.
KBC - Specifies stepped or ramped loading within a load step.
KBETW - Creates a keypoint between two existing keypoints.
KCALC - Calculates stress intensity factors in fracture mechanics analyses.
KCENTER - Creates a keypoint at the center of a circular arc defined by three locations.
KCLEAR - Deletes nodes and point elements associated with selected keypoints.
KDELE - Deletes unmeshed keypoints.
KDIST - Calculates and lists the distance between two keypoints.
KEEP - Stores POST26 definitions and data during active session.
KESIZE - Specifies the edge lengths of the elements nearest a keypoint.
KEYOPT - Sets element key options.
KEYPTS - Specifies "Keypoints" as the subsequent status topic.
KEYW - Sets a keyword used by the GUI for context filtering (GUI).
KFILL - Generates keypoints between two keypoints.
KGEN - Generates additional keypoints from a pattern of keypoints.
KL - Generates a keypoint at a specified location on an existing line.
KLIST - Lists the defined keypoints or hard points.
KMESH - Generates nodes and point elements at keypoints.
KMODIF - Modifies an existing keypoint.
KMOVE - Calculates and moves a keypoint to an intersection.
KNODE - Defines a keypoint at an existing node location.
KPLOT - Displays the selected keypoints.
KPSCALE - Generates a scaled set of (meshed) keypoints from a pattern of keypoints.
KREFINE - Refines the mesh around specified keypoints.
KSCALE - Generates a scaled pattern of keypoints from a given keypoint pattern.
KSCON - Specifies a keypoint about which an area mesh will be skewed.
KSEL - Selects a subset of keypoints or hard points.
KSLL - Selects those keypoints contained in the selected lines.
KSLN - Selects those keypoints associated with the selected nodes.
KSUM - Calculates and prints geometry statistics of the selected keypoints.
KSYMM - Generates a reflected set of keypoints.
KTRAN - Transfers a pattern of keypoints to another coordinate system.
KUSE - Specifies whether or not to reuse the triangularized matrix.
KWPAVE - Moves the working plane origin to the average location of keypoints.
KWPLAN - Defines the working plane using three keypoints.
XIII. L Commands
L - Defines a line between two keypoints.
L2ANG - Generates a line at an angle with two existing lines.
L2TAN - Generates a line tangent to two lines.
LANG - Generates a straight line at an angle with a line.
LARC - Defines a circular arc.
/LARC - Creates annotation arcs (GUI).
LAREA - Generates the shortest line between two keypoints on an area.
LARGE - Finds the largest (the envelope) of three variables.
LATT - Associates element attributes with the selected, unmeshed lines.
LAYER - Specifies the element layer for which data are to be processed.
LAYERP26 - Specifies the element layer for which data are to be stored.
LAYLIST - Lists real constants material properties for layered elements.
LAYPLOT - Displays the layer stacking sequence for layered elements.
LCABS - Specifies absolute values for load case operations.
LCASE - Reads a load case into the database.
LCCALC - Specifies "Load case settings" as the subsequent status topic.
LCCAT - Concatenates multiple lines into one line for mapped meshing.
LCDEF - Creates a load case from a set of results on a results file.
LCFACT - Defines scale factors for load case operations.
LCFILE - Creates a load case from an existing load case file.
LCLEAR - Deletes nodes and line elements associated with selected lines.
LCOMB - Combines adjacent lines into one line.
LCOPER - Performs load case operations.
LCSEL - Selects a subset of load cases.
LCSL - Divides intersecting lines at their point(s) of intersection.
LCSUM - Specifies whether to process non-summable items in load case operations.
LCWRITE - Creates a load case by writing results to a load case file.
LCZERO - Zeroes the results portion of the database.
LDELE - Deletes unmeshed lines.
LDIV - Divides a single line into two or more lines.
LDRAG - Generates lines by sweeping a keypoint pattern along path.
LDREAD - Reads results from the results file and applies them as loads.
LESIZE - Specifies the divisions and spacing ratio on unmeshed lines.
LEXTND - Extends a line at one end by using its slope.
LFILLT - Generates a fillet line between two intersecting lines.
LFSURF - Generates surface elements overlaid on the edge of existing solid elements and assigns the extra node as the closest fluid element node.
LGEN - Generates additional lines from a pattern of lines.
LGLUE - Generates new lines by "gluing" lines.
LGWRITE - Writes the database command log to a file.
/LIGHT - Specifies the light direction for the display window.
LINA - Finds the intersection of a line with an area.
LINE - Specifies "Lines" as the subsequent status topic.
/LINE - Creates annotation lines (GUI).
LINES - Specifies the length of a printed page.
LINL - Finds the common intersection of lines.
LINP - Finds the pairwise intersection of lines.
LINV - Finds the intersection of a line with a volume.
LIST - Lists out the sets in the results file.
*LIST - Displays the contents of an external, coded file.
LLIST - Lists the defined lines.
LMATRIX - Calculates an inductance matrix and the total flux linkage for an N-winding coil system.
LMESH - Generates nodes and line elements along lines.
LNCOLLAPSE - Collapse a line segment to a keypoint (for models imported from CAD files).
LNDETACH - Detaches lines from neighboring geometric entity (for models imported from CAD files).
LNFILL - Creates a straight line between two keypoints (for models imported from CAD files).
LNMERGE - Merges two or more connected line segments (for models imported from CAD files).
LNSPLIT - Splits a line segment into two line segments (for models imported from CAD files).
LNSRCH - Activates a line search to be used with Newton-Raphson.
LOCAL - Defines a local coordinate system by a location and orientation.
LOVLAP - Overlaps lines.
LPLOT - Displays the selected lines.
LPTN - Partitions lines.
LREFINE - Refines the mesh around specified lines.
LREVERSE - Reverses the normal of a line, regardless of its connectivity or mesh status.
LROTAT - Generates circular lines by rotating a keypoint pattern about an axis.
LSBA - Subtracts areas from lines.
LSBL - Subtracts lines from lines.
LSBV - Subtracts volumes from lines.
LSBW - Subtracts the intersection of the working plane from lines (divides lines).
LSCLEAR - Clears loads and load step options from the database.
LSDELE - Deletes load step files.
LSEL - Selects a subset of lines.
LSLA - Selects those lines contained in the selected areas.
LSLK - Selects those lines containing the selected keypoints.
LSOPER - Specifies "Load step operations" as the subsequent status topic.
/LSPEC - Specifies annotation line attributes (GUI).
LSREAD - Reads load and load step option data into the database.
LSSCALE - Generates a scaled set of lines from a pattern of lines.
LSSOLVE - Reads and solves multiple load steps.
LSTR - Defines a straight line irrespective of the active coordinate system.
LSUM - Calculates and prints geometry statistics of the selected lines.
LSWRITE - Writes load and load step option data to a file.
/LSYMBOL - Creates annotation symbols (GUI).
LSYMM - Generates lines from a line pattern by symmetry reflection.
LTAN - Generates a line at the end of, and tangent to, an existing line.
LTRAN - Transfers a pattern of lines to another coordinate system.
LUMPM - Specifies a lumped mass matrix formulation.
LVSCALE - Scales the load vector for mode superposition analyses.
LWPLAN - Defines the working plane normal to a location on a line.
XIV. M Commands
M - Defines master degrees of freedom for reduced and superelement generation analyses.
MADAPT - Adaptively meshes and solves an edge-based model.
MAGOPT - Specifies options for a 3-D magnetostatic field analysis.
MAGSOLV - Specifies magnetic solution options and initiates the solution.
MAPSOLVE - Maps solved node and element solutions from an original mesh to a new mesh.
MASTER - Specifies "Master DOF" as the subsequent status topic.
MAT - Sets the element material attribute pointer.
MATER - Specifies "Material properties" as the subsequent status topic.
MCHECK - Checks mesh connectivity.
MDAMP - Defines the damping ratios as a function of mode.
MDELE - Deletes master degrees of freedom.
MDPLOT - Plots frequency-dependent modal damping coefficients calculated by DMPEXT.
MEMM - Allows the current session to keep allocated memory
/MENU - Activates the Graphical User Interface (GUI).
MESHING - Specifies "Meshing" as the subsequent status topic.
MFANALYSIS - Turns an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis on or off.
MFBUCKET - Turns a bucket search on or off.
MFCALC - Specifies a calculation frequency for a field in an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFCI - Sets the control parameters used by the conservative (CPP) interpolation scheme.
MFCLEAR - Deletes ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis settings.
MFCMMAND - Captures field solution options in a command file.
MFCONV - Sets convergence values for an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFDTIME - Sets time step sizes for an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFELEM - Defines a field by grouping element types.
MFEM - Add more element types to a previously defined field number.
MFEXTER - Defines external fields for an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFFNAME - Specifies a file name for a field in an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFFR - Setup Multi-Field relaxation factors for field solutions.
MFIMPORT - Imports a new field into a current ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFINTER - Specifies the interface load transfer interpolation option for an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFITER - Sets the number of stagger iterations for an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFLCOMM - Defines a load transfer for code coupling analyses.
MFLIST - Lists the settings for an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFMAP - Calculates, saves, resumes, or deletes mapping data in an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFORDER - Specifies field solution order for an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFOUTPUT - Specifies results file output frequency for an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFPSIMUL - Sets up a field solver group to simultaneously process with code coupling analyses.
MFRELAX - Sets relaxation values for an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFRSTART - Specifies restart status for an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFSORDER - Sets up the solution sequence of simultaneous field solver groups for code coupling analyses.
MFSURFACE - Defines a surface load transfer for an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFTIME - Sets end time for an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFTOL - Turns normal distance checking on for surface mapping in an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFVOLUME - Defines a volume load transfer for an ANSYS Multi-field solver analysis.
MFWRITE - Writes an ANSYS master input file for MFX multiple code coupling.
MGEN - Generates additional MDOF from a previously defined set.
MIDTOL - Sets midstep residual criterion values for structural transient analyses.
MITER - Defines a mitered bend in a piping run.
MLIST - Lists the MDOF of freedom.
MMF - Calculates the magnetomotive force along a path.
MODE - Specifies the harmonic loading term for this load step.
MODIFY - Changes the listed values of the data in a set.
MODMSH - Controls the relationship of the solid model and the FE model.
MODOPT - Specifies modal analysis options.
MONITOR - Controls contents of three variable fields in nonlinear solution monitor file.
MOPT - Specifies meshing options.
MORPH - Specifies morphing and remeshing controls.
MOVE - Calculates and moves a node to an intersection.
MP - Defines a linear material property as a constant or a function of temperature.
MPAMOD - Modifies temperature-dependent secant coefficients of thermal expansion.
MPCHG - Changes the material number attribute of an element.
MPCOPY - Copies linear material model data from one material reference number to another.
MPDATA - Defines property data to be associated with the temperature table.
MPDELE - Deletes linear material properties.
MPDRES - Reassembles existing material data with the temperature table.
/MPLIB - Sets the default material library read and write paths.
MPLIST - Lists linear material properties.
MPPLOT - Plots linear material properties as a function of temperature.
MPREAD - Reads a file containing material properties.
MPRINT - Specifies that radiation matrices are to be printed.
MPTEMP - Defines a temperature table for material properties.
MPTGEN - Adds temperatures to the temperature table by generation.
MPTRES - Restores a temperature table previously defined.
MPWRITE - Writes linear material properties in the database to a file (if the LIB option is not specified) or writes both linear and nonlinear material properties (if LIB is specified) from the database to a file.
/MREP - Enables you to reissue the graphics command macro "name" during a replot or zoom operation.
MSADV - Specifies the approach to discretize the advection term in a species transport equation.
MSAVE - Sets the solver memory saving option. This option only applies to the PCG solver.
MSCAP - Activates and controls mass fraction capping for a species.
MSDATA - Defines multiple species data applicable to all species.
MSHAPE - For elements that support multiple shapes, specifies the element shape to be used for meshing.
MSHCOPY - Simplifies the generation of meshes that have matching node element patterns on two different line groups (in 2-D) or area groups (3-D).
MSHKEY - Specifies whether free meshing or mapped meshing should be used to mesh a model.
MSHMID - Specifies placement of midside nodes.
MSHPATTERN - Specifies pattern to be used for mapped triangle meshing.
MSMASS - Specifies the mass type for a transient species analysis.
MSMETH - Specifies the method of solution of the species transport equations.
MSMIR - Sets modified inertial relaxation factors for multiple species.
MSNOMF - Specifies the initial value of nominal mass fraction for a species.
MSPROP - Defines the fluid properties of a species.
MSQUAD - Specifies the quadrature order for multiple species elements.
MSRELAX - Specifies relaxation factors for a multiple species transport analysis.
MSSOLU - Specifies solution options for multiple species transport.
MSSPEC - Specifies the name, molecular weight, and Schmidt number of a species.
/MSTART - Controls the initial GUI components.
MSTERM - Sets the convergence monitors for species.
MSVARY - Allows species properties to vary between global iterations.
MXPAND - Specifies the number of modes to expand and write for a modal or buckling analysis.
XV. N Commands
N - Defines a node.
NANG - Rotates a nodal coordinate system by direction cosines.
NCNV - Sets the key to terminate an analysis.
NDELE - Deletes nodes.
NDIST - Calculates and lists the distance between two nodes.
NDSURF - Generates surface elements overlaid on the edge of existing elements and assigns the extra node as the closest fluid element node.
NEQIT - Specifies the maximum number of equilibrium iterations for nonlinear analyses.
/NERR - Limits the number of warning and error messages displayed.
NFORCE - Sums the nodal forces and moments of elements attached to nodes.
NGEN - Generates additional nodes from a pattern of nodes.
NKPT - Defines a node at an existing keypoint location.
NLDIAG - Sets nonlinear diagnostics functionality.
NLDPOST - Gets element component information from nonlinear diagnostic files.
NLGEOM - Includes large-deflection effects in a static or full transient analysis.
NLHIST - Specify result items to track during solution.
NLIST - Lists nodes.
NLOG - Forms the natural log of a variable.
NLOPT - Specifies "Nonlinear analysis options" as the subsequent status topic.
NMODIF - Modifies an existing node.
NOCOLOR - Removes color from graphics displays.
NODES - Specifies "Nodes" as the subsequent status topic.
/NOERASE - Prevents the screen erase between displays.
/NOLIST - Suppresses the data input listing.
NOOFFSET - Prevents the CDREAD command from offsetting specified data items
NOORDER - Re-establishes the original element ordering.
/NOPR - Suppresses the expanded interpreted input data listing.
NORA - Rotates nodal coordinate systems to surface normal
NORL - Rotates nodal coordinate systems perpendicular to line normal
/NORMAL - Allows displaying area elements by top or bottom faces.
NPLOT - Displays nodes.
NPRINT - Defines which time points stored are to be listed.
NREAD - Reads nodes from a file.
NREFINE - Refines the mesh around specified nodes.
NRLSUM - Specifies the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) sum mode combination method.
NROPT - Specifies the Newton-Raphson options in a static or full transient analysis.
NROTAT - Rotates nodal coordinate systems into the active system.
NRRANG - Specifies the range of nodes to be read from the node file.
NSCALE - Generates a scaled set of nodes from a pattern of nodes.
NSEL - Selects a subset of nodes.
NSLA - Selects those nodes associated with the selected areas.
NSLE - Selects those nodes attached to the selected elements.
NSLK - Selects those nodes associated with the selected keypoints.
NSLL - Selects those nodes associated with the selected lines.
NSLV - Selects those nodes associated with the selected volumes.
NSMOOTH - Smooths selected nodes among selected elements.
NSOL - Specifies nodal data to be stored from the results file.
NSORT - Sorts nodal data.
NSTORE - Defines which time points are to be stored.
NSUBST - Specifies the number of substeps to be taken this load step.
NSVR - Defines the number of variables for user-programmable element options.
NSYM - Generates a reflected set of nodes.
/NUMBER - Specifies whether numbers, colors, or both are used for displays.
NUMCMP - Compresses the numbering of defined items.
NUMEXP - Specifies solutions to be expanded from reduced analyses.
NUMMRG - Merges coincident or equivalently defined items.
NUMOFF - Adds a number offset to defined items.
NUMSTR - Establishes starting numbers for automatically numbered items.
NUMVAR - Specifies the number of variables allowed in POST26.
NUSORT - Restores original order for nodal data.
NWPAVE - Moves the working plane origin to the average location of nodes.
NWPLAN - Defines the working plane using three nodes.
NWRITE - Writes nodes to a file.
XVI. O Commands
OMEGA - Specifies the rotational velocity of the structure.
OPADD - Forms a set of optimization parameters by adding two sets.
OPANL - Defines the analysis file to be used for optimization looping.
OPCLR - Clears the optimization database.
OPDATA - Identifies the file where optimization data is to be saved.
OPDEL - Deletes optimization design sets.
OPEQN - Controls curve fitting for the subproblem approximation method.
OPERATE - Specifies "Operation data" as the subsequent status topic.
OPEXE - Initiates optimization looping.
OPFACT - Defines the type of factorial evaluation to be performed.
OPFRST - Defines specifications for the first order optimization method.
OPGRAD - Specifies which design set will be used for gradient evaluation.
OPKEEP - Specifies whether to save the best-set results and database file.
OPLFA - Displays the results of a factorial evaluation.
OPLGR - Graphs the results of a gradient evaluation.
OPLIST - Displays the parameters for design sets.
OPLOOP - Specifies controls for optimization looping.
OPLSW - Graphs the results of a global sweep generation.
OPMAKE - Creates a design set using active scalar parameter values.
OPNCONTROL - Sets decision parameter for automatically increasing the time step interval.
OPPRNT - Activates detailed optimization summary printout.
OPRAND - Defines the number of iterations for a random optimization.
OPRESU - Reads optimization data into the optimization database.
OPRFA - Prints the results of a factorial evaluation.
OPRGR - Prints the results of a gradient evaluation.
OPRSW - Prints the results of a global sweep generation.
OPSAVE - Writes all optimization data to a file.
OPSEL - Selects design sets for subsequent optimization looping.
OPSUBP - Defines number of iterations for subproblem approximation method.
OPSWEEP - Specifies the reference point and number of evaluation points for a sweep generation.
/OPT - Enters the design optimizer.
OPTYPE - Specifies the optimization method to be used.
OPUSER - Defines specifications for user-supplied external optimization.
OPVAR - Specifies the parameters to be treated as optimization variables.
OUTOPT - Specifies "Output options" as the subsequent status topic.
OUTPR - Controls the solution printout.
/OUTPUT - Redirects text output to a file or to the screen.
OUTRES - Controls the solution data written to the database.
XVII. P Commands
PADELE - Deletes a defined path.
/PAGE - Defines the printout and screen page size.
PAGET - Writes current path information into an array variable.
PAPUT - Retrieves path information from an array variable.
PARESU - Restores previously saved paths from a file.
PARTSEL - Selects a subset of parts in an explicit dynamic analysis.
PASAVE - Saves selected paths to an external file.
PATH - Defines a path name and establishes parameters for the path.
/PBC - Shows boundary condition (BC) symbols and values on displays.
/PBF - Shows magnitude of body force loads on displays.
PCALC - Forms additional labeled path items by operating on existing path items.
PCGOPT - Controls PCG solver options.
PCIRC - Creates a circular area centered about the working plane origin.
/PCIRCLE - Creates an annotation circle (GUI).
PCONV - Sets convergence values for p-method solutions.
/PCOPY - Automatically generates hard copies for HP UNIX work stations.
PCORRO - Specifies the allowable exterior corrosion thickness for a piping run.
PCROSS - Calculates the cross product of two path vectors along the current path.
PDANL - Defines the analysis file to be used for probabilistic looping.
PDCDF - Plots the cumulative distribution function.
PDCFLD - Calculates a correlation field and stores it into an ANSYS array.
PDCLR - Clears the probabilistic design database.
PDCMAT - Prints the correlation coefficient matrix.
PDCORR - Specifies the correlation between two random input variables.
PDDMCS - Specifies options for Monte Carlo Simulations using direct sampling.
PDDOEL - Defines design of experiment levels for an individual random input variable.
PDEF - Interpolates an item onto a path.
PDEXE - Executes the probabilistic analysis.
PDHIST - Plots the frequency histogram.
PDINQR - Evaluates statistical characteristics of a random input variable.
PDLHS - Specifies options for Monte Carlo Simulations using Latin-Hypercube sampling.
PDMETH - Specifies the probabilistic analysis method.
PDOT - Calculates the dot product of two path vectors along the current path.
PDPINV - Prints the result of the inversion of a probability.
PDPLOT - Plots the distribution curves of a defined random input variable.
PDPROB - Prints a probability result.
PDRAG - Defines the external fluid drag loading for a piping run.
PDRESU - Reads the probabilistic model data and loads it into the database.
PDROPT - Specifies the options for an HTML report.
/PDS - Enters the probabilistic design system.
PDSAVE - Writes the probabilistic model data to a file.
PDSCAT - Plots a scatter graph.
PDSENS - Plots the probabilistic sensitivities.
PDSHIS - Plots the sample history values.
PDUSER - Specifies options for user-specified sampling methods.
PDVAR - Specifies the parameters to be treated as probabilistic design variables.
PDWRITE - Generates an HTML report for the probabilistic analyses.
PEMOPTS - Defines percentage tolerance and error estimation method for electrostatic p-Method solution.
PERBC2D - Generates periodic constraints for 2-D planar magnetic field analyses.
PERI - Specifies periodic boundary conditions in an incompressible flow analysis.
PEXCLUDE - Specifies elements to be excluded from p-level escalations.
PFACT - Calculates participation factors for the PSD or multi-point response spectrum table.
PFLUID - Defines the contained fluid density for a piping run.
PGAP - Defines a spring-gap constraint in a piping run.
PGRAPH - Specifies the location from which graphics data will be retrieved for viewing.
PGRSET - Defines the data set to be read from the PGR file.
PGSAVE - Creates a PowerGraphics (PGR) file from results data.
PGSELE - Select a subset of elements for display with the PGR viewer.
PGWRITE - Writes selected solution data to the PGR file for faster post processing access.
PHYSICS - Writes, reads, or lists all element information
/PICE - Shows initial conditions on elements as contours on displays.
PINCLUDE - Specifies elements to be included in p-level escalations.
PINSUL - Defines the external insulation constants in a piping run.
PIPE - Specifies "Pipe modeling" as the subsequent status topic.
PIVCHECK - Prevents a batch mode, linear static analysis from stopping when a negative or zero equation solver pivot value is encountered.
PLCAMP - Plots Campbell diagram data for applications involving rotating structure dynamics.
PLCINT - Plots the J-integral result data.
PLCONV - Plots the convergence curve for specified items from a p-method solution.
PLCPLX - Specifies the part of a complex variable to display.
PLCRACK - Displays cracking and crushing locations in SOLID65 elements.
PLDISP - Displays the displaced structure.
PLESOL - Displays the solution results as discontinuous element contours.
PLETAB - Displays element table items.
PLF2D - Generates a contour line plot of equipotentials.
PLHFFAR - Displays electric far fields and far field parameters.
PLLS - Displays element table items as contoured areas along elements.
PLNSOL - Displays results as continuous contours.
/PLOPTS - Controls graphics options on subsequent displays.
PLORB - Displays the orbital motion of a rotating structure
PLOT - Forms a display.
PLOTTING - Specifies "Plotting settings" as the subsequent status topic.
PLPAGM - Displays path items along the path geometry.
PLPATH - Displays path items on a graph.
PLSCH - Converts and plots scattering, admittance, or impedance parameters on a Smith chart.
PLSECT - Displays membrane and membrane-plus-bending linearized stresses.
PLSYZ - Converts and plots network parameters versus frequency or plots losses versus frequency.
PLTD - Displays TDR/TDT waveforms, an impedance profile, or a total waveform.
PLTIME - Defines the time range for which data are to be displayed.
PLTRAC - Displays a particle flow or charged particle trace on an element display.
PLVAR - Displays up to ten variables in the form of a graph.
PLVAROPT - Displays up to ten parameters in the form of a graph.
PLVECT - Displays results as vectors.
PLVFRC - Displays volume fractions in a volume of fluid (VOF) analysis.
PLWAVE - Specifies a free-space time-harmonic incident plane electromagnetic wave.
PMAP - Creates mapping of the path geometry by defining path interpolation division points.
PMETH - Specifies "p-Method" as the subsequent status topic.
/PMETH - Activates the p-method solution options in the Graphical User Interface (GUI).
PMGTRAN - Summarizes electromagnetic results from a transient analysis.
PMLOPT - Defines perfectly matched layers (PMLs) for a high-frequency analysis.
PMLSIZE - Determines number of PML layers.
PMOPTS - Defines percentage tolerance for a p-Method solution.
/PMORE - Creates an annotation polygon (GUI).
PNGR - Provides PNG file export for ANSYS displays.
/PNUM - Controls entity numbering/coloring on plots.
POINT - Specifies "Point flow tracing settings" as the subsequent status topic.
POLY - Creates a polygonal area based on working plane coordinate pairs.
/POLYGON - Creates annotation polygons (GUI).
POPT - Selects the piping analysis standard for a piping run.
/POST1 - Enters the database results postprocessor.
/POST26 - Enters the time-history results postprocessor.
POUTRES - Controls the nodal DOF and computed element results graphics data that is written to the PGR file.
POWERH - Calculates the rms power loss in a conductor or lossy dielectric.
PPATH - Defines a path by picking or defining nodes, or locations on the currently active working plane, or by entering specific coordinate locations.
PPLOT - Displays an element plot indicating each element's final p-level.
PPRANGE - Specifies a range of p-level values for use in a p-method solution.
PPRES - Defines the internal pressure for a piping run.
PRANGE - Determines the path range.
PRCAMP - Prints Campbell diagram data for applications involving rotating structure dynamics.
PRCINT - Lists the J-integral result data.
PRCONV - Lists convergence values versus characteristic p-level.
PRCPLX - Defines the output form for complex variables.
PRECISION - Specifies machine precision for solvers (currently valid only for PCG solvers).
PRED - Activates a predictor in a nonlinear analysis.
PRENERGY - Prints the total energies of a model.
/PREP7 - Enters the model creation preprocessor.
PRERR - Prints SEPC and TEPC.
PRESOL - Prints the solution results for elements.
PRETAB - Prints the element table items.
PRHFFAR - Prints electric far fields and far field parameters.
PRI2 - Creates a polygonal area or a prism volume by vertices (GUI).
PRIM - Specifies "Solid model primitives" as the subsequent status topic.
PRINT - Specifies "Print settings" as the subsequent status topic.
PRISM - Creates a prism volume based on working plane coordinate pairs.
PRITER - Prints solution summary data.
PRJSOL - Prints joint element output.
PRNLD - Prints the summed element nodal loads.
PRNSOL - Prints the nodal solution results.
PROD - Multiplies variables.
PRORB - Prints the orbital motion characteristics of a rotating structure
PRPATH - Prints path items along a geometry path.
PRRFOR - Used with the FORCE command. Prints the constrained node reaction solution.
PRRSOL - Prints the constrained node reaction solution.
PRSECT - Calculates and prints linearized stresses along a section path.
PRSSOL - Prints BEAM188 and BEAM189 section results.
PRSYZ - Converts and lists scattering, admittance, or impedance parameters.
PRTIME - Defines the time range for which data are to be listed.
PRVAR - Lists variables vs. time (or frequency).
PRVAROPT - Lists up to ten optimization parameters.
PRVECT - Prints results as vector magnitude and direction cosines.
PSCONTROL - Turn shared-memory parallel operations on or off during solution.
PSCR - Specifies various PostScript options.
PSDCOM - Specifies the power spectral density mode combination method.
PSDFRQ - Defines the frequency points for the input spectrum vs. FREQ tables of PSD and multi-point spectrum analyses.
PSDGRAPH - Displays input PSD curves
PSDRES - Controls solution output written to the results file from a PSD analysis.
PSDSPL - Defines a partially correlated excitation in a PSD analysis.
PSDUNIT - Defines the type of PSD or multi-point response spectrum.
PSDVAL - Defines PSD or multi-point response spectrum values.
PSDWAV - Defines a wave propagation excitation in a PSD analysis.
PSEL - Selects a path or paths.
/PSF - Shows surface load symbols on model displays.
PSMESH - Create and mesh a pretension section
PSOLVE - Directs the program to perform a partial solution.
PSPEC - Defines pipe material and dimensions.
/PSPEC - Creates annotation polygon attributes (GUI).
PSPRNG - Defines a spring constraint in a piping run.
/PSTATUS - Displays the global or window display specifications.
PSTRES - Specifies whether prestress effects are calculated or included.
/PSYMB - Shows various symbols on displays.
PTEMP - Defines the pipe wall temperatures in a piping run.
PTXY - Defines coordinate pairs for use in polygons and prisms.
PUNIT - Selects the system of length units to be used in a piping run.
PVECT - Interpolates a set of items onto a path.
/PWEDGE - Creates an annotation wedge (GUI).
XVIII. Q Commands
QDVAL - Defines PSD quadspectral values.
QFACT - Calculates the quality factor for high-frequency electromagnetic resonators.
QSOPT - Specifies quasi static radiation options.
QUAD - Generates a quadratic line of nodes from three nodes.
/QUIT - Exits a processor.
QUOT - Divides two variables.
XIX. R Commands
R - Defines the element real constants.
RACE - Defines a "racetrack" current source.
RADOPT - Specifies Gauss-Seidel Radiosity Solver options.
RALL - Calculates solver statistics and run time estimates.
RAPPND - Appends results data from the database to the results file.
RATE - Specifies whether the effect of creep strain rate will be used in the solution of a load step.
/RATIO - Distorts the object geometry.
RBE3 - Distributes the force/moment applied at the master node to a set of slave nodes, taking into account the geometry of the slave nodes as well as weighting factors.
RCON - Specifies "Real constants" as the subsequent status topic.
RDEC - Defines the decimation parameters.
RDELE - Deletes real constant sets.
REAL - Sets the element real constant set attribute pointer.
REALVAR - Forms a variable using only the real part of a complex variable.
RECTNG - Creates a rectangular area anywhere on the working plane.
REDUCE - Defines a reducer in a piping run.
REFLCOEF - Calculates the voltage reflection coefficient (REFLC), standing wave ratio (VSWR), and return loss (RL) in a COAX fed device; at postprocessing of an HF electromagnetic analysis.
REMESH - Specifies the starting and ending remeshing points for rezoning.
/RENAME - Renames a file.
REORDER - Specifies "Model reordering" as the subsequent status topic.
/REPLOT - Automatically reissues the last display command for convenience.
RESCONTROL - Controls file writing for multiframe restarts.
RESET - Resets all POST1 or POST26 specifications to initial defaults.
/RESET - Resets display specifications to their initial defaults.
RESP - Generates a response spectrum.
RESUME - Resumes the database from the database file.
RESVEC - Calculates or includes residual vectors.
RESWRITE - Appends results data from the database to a results file.
REXPORT - Exports displacements from an implicit run to ANSYS LS-DYNA.
REZONE - Initiates the rezoning process, sets rezoning options, and rebuilds the database.
RFILSZ - Estimates file sizes.
RFORCE - Specifies the total reaction force data to be stored.
/RGB - Specifies the RGB color values for indices and contours.
RIGID - Specifies known rigid body modes (if any) of the model.
RIMPORT - Imports initial stresses from an explicit dynamics run into ANSYS.
RITER - Supplies an estimate of the number of iterations for time estimates.
RLIST - Lists the real constant sets.
RMALIST - Lists all defined master nodes for a ROM method.
RMANL - Assigns model database, dimensionality, and operating direction for the ROM method.
RMASTER - Defines master nodes for the ROM method.
RMCAP - Defines lumped capacitance pairs between conductors C1 and C2 for a ROM method.
RMCLIST - Lists all lumped capacitance pairs defined.
RMEMRY - Prints memory statistics for the current model.
RMFLVEC - Writes eigenvectors of fluid nodes to a file for use in damping parameter extraction.
RMLVSCALE - Defines element load vector scaling for a ROM use pass.
RMMLIST - Lists all mode specifications for the ROM method.
RMMRANGE - Defines and edits various modal parameters for the ROM method.
RMMSELECT - Selects modes for the ROM method.
RMNDISP - Extracts neutral plane displacements from a test load or element load solution for the ROM method.
RMNEVEC - Extracts neutral plane eigenvectors from a modal analysis for the ROM method.
RMODIF - Modifies real constant sets.
RMORE - Adds real constants to a set.
RMPORDER - Defines polynomial orders for ROM functions.
RMRESUME - Resumes ROM data from a file.
RMRGENERATE - Performs fitting procedure for all ROM functions to generate response surfaces.
RMROPTIONS - Defines options for ROM response surface fitting.
RMRPLOT - Plots response surface of ROM function or its derivatives with respect to the dominant mode(s).
RMRSTATUS - Prints status of response surface for ROM function.
RMSAVE - Saves ROM data to file.
RMSMPLE - Runs finite element solutions and obtains sample points for the ROM method.
RMUSE - Activates ROM use pass for ROM elements.
RMXPORT - Exports ROM model to external VHDL-AMS simulator.
ROCK - Specifies a rocking response spectrum.
RPOLY - Creates a regular polygonal area centered about the working plane origin.
RPR4 - Creates a regular polygonal area or prism volume anywhere on the working plane.
RPRISM - Creates a regular prism volume centered about the working plane origin.
RPSD - Computes response power spectral density (PSD).
RSFIT - Fit a response surface for an output parameter in a solution set.
RSOPT - Creates or loads the radiosity mapping data file for SURF251 or SURF252 element types.
RSPEED - Supplies system performance information for use in time estimates.
RSPLIT - Creates one or more results file(s) from the current results file based on subsets of elements.
RSPLOT - Plot a response surface.
RSPRNT - Print a response surface.
RSSIMS - Performs Monte Carlo simulations on response surface(s).
RSTAT - Prints the FE model statistics of the model.
RSTOFF - Offsets node or element IDs in the FE geometry record.
RSURF - Generates the radiosity surface elements (SURF251/SURF252) and stores them in the database.
RSYMM - Defines the plane of symmetry or center of rotation for the radiosity method.
RSYS - Activates a coordinate system for printout or display of element and nodal results.
RTHICK - Defines variable thickness at nodes for shell elements.
RTIMST - Prints runtime estimates.
RUN - Defines a pipe run.
/RUNST - Enters the run statistics processor.
RWFRNT - Generates wavefront statistics and memory requirements.
XX. S Commands
SABS - Specifies absolute values for element table operations.
SADD - Forms an element table item by adding two existing items.
SALLOW - Defines the allowable stress table for safety factor calculations.
SARPLOT - Displays areas smaller than a specified size (for models imported from CAD files).
SAVE - Saves all current database information.
SBCLIST - Lists solid model boundary conditions.
SBCTRAN - Transfers solid model loads and boundary conditions to the FE model.
SDELETE - Deletes cross sections from the ANSYS database.
SE - Defines a superelement.
SECCONTROLS - Overrides program calculated properties.
SECDATA - Describes the geometry of a section.
SECFUNCTION - Specifies shell section thickness as a tabular function.
SECJOINT - Defines local coordinate systems at joint element nodes or relative DOFs to be fixed for a general joint element.
/SECLIB - Sets the default section library path for the SECREAD command.
SECLOCK - Specifies locks on the components of relative motion in a joint element.
SECMODIF - Modifies a pretension section
SECNUM - Sets the element section attribute pointer.
SECOFFSET - Defines the section offset for cross sections.
SECPLOT - Plots the geometry of a beam or shell section to scale.
SECREAD - Reads a customized beam section library or a user-defined beam section mesh into ANSYS.
SECSTOP - Specifies stops on the components of relative motion in a joint element.
SECTYPE - Associates section type information with a section ID number.
SECWRITE - Creates an ASCII file containing user mesh section information.
SED - Defines the excitation direction for a single-point response spectrum.
SEDLIST - Lists the DOF solution of a superelement after the use pass.
SEEXP - Specifies options for the substructure expansion pass.
/SEG - Allows graphics data to be stored in the local terminal memory.
SEGEN - Automatically generate superelements.
SELIST - Lists the contents of a superelement matrix file.
SELM - Specifies "Superelements" as the subsequent status topic.
SELTOL - Sets the tolerance for subsequent select operations.
SENERGY - Determines the stored magnetic energy or co-energy.
SEOPT - Specifies substructure analysis options.
SESYMM - Performs a symmetry operation on a superelement within the use pass.
SET - Defines the data set to be read from the results file.
SETFGAP - Updates or defines the real constant table for squeeze film elements.
SETRAN - Creates a superelement from an existing superelement.
SEXP - Forms an element table item by exponentiating and multiplying.
SF - Specifies surface loads on nodes.
SFA - Specifies surface loads on the selected areas.
SFACT - Allows safety factor or margin of safety calculations to be made.
SFADELE - Deletes surface loads from areas.
SFALIST - Lists the surface loads for the specified area.
SFBEAM - Specifies surface loads on beam elements.
SFCALC - Calculates the safety factor or margin of safety.
SFCUM - Specifies that surface loads are to be accumulated.
SFDELE - Deletes surface loads.
SFE - Specifies surface loads on elements.
SFEDELE - Deletes surface loads from elements.
SFELIST - Lists the surface loads for elements.
SFFUN - Specifies a varying surface load.
SFGRAD - Specifies a gradient (slope) for surface loads.
SFL - Specifies surface loads on lines of an area.
SFLDELE - Deletes surface loads from lines.
SFLIST - Lists surface loads.
SFLLIST - Lists the surface loads for lines.
SFSCALE - Scales surface loads on elements.
SFTRAN - Transfer the solid model surface loads to the finite element model.
/SHADE - Defines the type of surface shading used with Z-buffering.
SHELL - Selects a shell element or shell layer location for results output.
/SHOW - Specifies the device and other parameters for graphics displays.
/SHOWDISP - Defines the display driver name.
SHPP - Controls element shape checking.
/SHRINK - Shrinks elements, lines, areas, and volumes for display clarity.
SHSD - Creates or deletes shell-solid interface to be used in shell-to-solid assemblies.
SLIST - Summarizes the section properties for all defined sections in the current session of ANSYS.
SLOAD - Load a pretension section.
SLPPLOT - Displays line loops smaller than a specified size (for models imported from CAD files).
SLSPLOT - Displays line segments smaller than a specified size (for models imported from CAD files).
SMALL - Finds the smallest of three variables.
SMAX - Forms an element table item from the maximum of two other items.
/SMBC - Controls the display of solid model boundary condition symbols and labels.
SMBODY - Specifies "Body loads on the solid model" as the subsequent status topic.
SMCONS - Specifies "Constraints on the solid model" as the subsequent status topic.
SMFOR - Specifies "Forces on the solid model" as the subsequent status topic.
SMIN - Forms an element table item from the minimum of two other items.
SMOOTH - Allows smoothing of noisy data and provides a graphical representation of the data.
SMRTSIZE - Specifies meshing parameters for automatic (smart) element sizing.
SMSURF - Specifies "Surface loads on the solid model" as the subsequent status topic.
SMULT - Forms an element table item by multiplying two other items.
SOLCONTROL - Specifies whether to use optimized nonlinear solution defaults and some enhanced internal solution algorithms.
SOLU - Specifies solution summary data per substep to be stored.
/SOLU - Enters the solution processor.
SOLUOPT - Specifies "Solution options" as the subsequent status topic.
SOLVE - Starts a solution.
SORT - Specifies "Sort settings" as the subsequent status topic.
SOURCE - Defines a default location for undefined nodes or keypoints.
SPACE - Defines a space node for radiation using the Radiation Matrix method.
SPADP - Automatically refines a tetrahedral element mesh based on S-parameter convergence.
SPARM - Calculates scattering (S) parameters between ports of a network system.
SPCNOD - Defines a space node for radiation using the Radiosity method.
SPCTEMP - Defines a free-space ambient temperature for radiation using the Radiosity method.
SPEC - Specifies "Miscellaneous specifications" as the subsequent status topic.
SPH4 - Creates a spherical volume anywhere on the working plane.
SPH5 - Creates a spherical volume by diameter end points.
SPHERE - Creates a spherical volume centered about the working plane origin.
SPICE - Generates a SPICE subcircuit model using S-parameters from a Touchstone file.
SPLINE - Generates a segmented spline through a series of keypoints.
SPLOT - Displays the selected areas and a faceted view of their underlying surfaces
SPOINT - Defines a point for moment summations.
SPOPT - Selects the spectrum type and other spectrum options.
SPREAD - Turns on a dashed tolerance curve for the subsequent curve plots.
SPSCAN - Performs a harmonic analysis of a unit cell over a range of angles and extracts the S-parameter.
SPSWP - Computes S-parameters over a frequency range and writes them to a file.
SPTOPT - Specifies "Spectrum analysis options" as the subsequent status topic.
SQRT - Forms the square root of a variable.
SRSS - Specifies the square root of sum of squares mode combination method.
SSBT - Specifies preintegrated bending thermal effects for shell sections.
/SSCALE - Sets the contour multiplier for topographic displays.
SSLN - Selects and displays small lines in the model.
SSMT - Specifies preintegrated membrane thermal effects for shell sections.
SSPA - Specifies a preintegrated membrane stiffness for shell sections.
SSPB - Specifies a preintegrated coupling stiffness for shell sections.
SSPD - Specifies a preintegrated bending stiffness for shell sections.
SSPE - Specifies a preintegrated transverse shear stiffness for shell sections.
SSPM - Specifies mass density for a preintegrated shell section.
SSTIF - Activates stress stiffness effects in a nonlinear analysis.
SSUM - Calculates and prints the sum of element table items.
STABILIZE - Activates stabilization for all elements that support nonlinear stabilization.
STAOPT - Specifies static analysis options.
STAT - Displays the status of database settings.
/STATUS - Lists the status of items for the run.
STEF - Specifies Stefan-Boltzmann radiation constant.
/STITLE - Defines subtitles.
STORE - Stores data in the database for the defined variables.
SUBOPT - Specifies options for subspace iteration eigenvalue extraction.
SUBSET - Reads results for the selected portions of the model.
SUCALC - Create new result data by operating on two existing result data sets on a given surface.
SUCR - Create a surface.
SUDEL - Delete geometry information as well as any mapped results for specified surface.
SUEVAL - Perform operations on a mapped item and store result in a scalar parameter.
SUGET - Moves surface geometry and mapped results to an array parameter.
SUMAP - Map results onto selected surface(s).
SUMTYPE - Sets the type of summation to be used in the following load case operations.
SUPL - Plot result data on all selected surfaces or on a specified surface.
SUPR - Print global status, geometry information and/or result information.
SURESU - Read a set of surface definitions and result items from a file and make them the current set.
SUSAVE - Saves surface definitions to a file.
SUSEL - Selects a subset of surfaces
SUVECT - Create new result data by operating on two existing result vectors on a given surface.
SV - Defines spectrum values to be associated with frequency points.
SVTYP - Defines the type of single-point response spectrum.
SWADD - Adds more surfaces to an existing spot weld set.
SWDEL - Deletes spot weld sets.
SWGEN - Creates a new spot weld set.
SWLIST - Lists spot weld sets.
SYNCHRO - Specifies whether the excitation frequency is synchronous or asynchronous with the rotational velocity of a structure.
/SYP - Passes a command string and arguments to the operating system.
/SYS - Passes a command string to the operating system.
XXI. T Commands
TALLOW - Defines the temperature table for safety factor calculations.
TB - Activates a data table for nonlinear material properties or special element input.
TBCOPY - Copies a data table from one material to another (see ).
TBDATA - Defines data for the data table.
TBDELE - Deletes previously defined data tables.
TBFIELD - Defines values of field variables for the material data tables.
TBFT - Performs material curve fitting operations.
TBLE - Specifies "Data table properties" as the subsequent status topic.
TBLIST - Lists the data tables.
TBMODIF - Modifies data for the data table (GUI).
TBPLOT - Displays the data table.
TBPT - Defines a point on a nonlinear data curve.
TBTEMP - Defines a temperature for the data table.
TCHG - Converts 20-node degenerate tetrahedral elements to their 10-node non-degenerate counterparts.
TEE - Defines a tee in a piping run.
TERM - Specifies various terminal driver options.
THOPT - Nonlinear transient thermal solution option.
TIFF - Provides TIFF file Export for ANSYS Displays.
TIME - Sets the time for a load step.
TIMERANGE - Specifies the time range for which data are to be stored.
TIMINT - Turns on transient effects.
TIMP - Improves the quality of tetrahedral elements that are not associated with a volume.
TINTP - Defines transient integration parameters.
/TITLE - Defines a main title.
/TLABEL - Creates annotation text (GUI).
TOCOMP - Defines single or multiple compliance as the topological optimization function.
TODEF - Defines parameters for and initializes topological optimization.
TOEXE - Executes one topological optimization iteration.
TOFFST - Specifies the temperature offset from absolute zero to zero.
TOFREQ - Defines single or mean frequency formulation as the topological optimization function.
TOGRAPH - Plots iteration solution of topological optimization.
TOLIST - Lists all topological optimization functions currently defined.
TOLOOP - Execute several topological optimization iterations.
TOPLOT - Plot current topological density distribution.
TOPRINT - Print iteration solution history of topological optimization.
TORQ2D - Calculates torque on a body in a magnetic field.
TORQC2D - Calculates torque on a body in a magnetic field based on a circular path.
TORQSUM - Summarizes electromagnetic torque calculations on element components.
TORUS - Creates a toroidal volume.
TOSTAT - Displays topological optimization status and results information.
TOTAL - Specifies automatic MDOF generation.
TOTYPE - Specifies solution method for topological optimization.
TOVAR - Specifies the objective and constraints for the topological optimization problem.
TRANS - Reformats File.GRPH for improved performance with plotters.
TRANSFER - Transfers a pattern of nodes to another coordinate system.
TREF - Defines the reference temperature for the thermal strain calculations.
/TRIAD - Shows the global XYZ coordinate triad on displays.
/TRLCY - Specifies the level of translucency.
TRNOPT - Specifies transient analysis options.
TRPDEL - Deletes particle flow or charged particle trace points.
TRPLIS - Lists the particle flow or charged particle trace points.
TRPOIN - Defines a point through which a particle flow or charged particle trace will travel.
TRTIME - Defines the options used for the PLTRAC (particle flow or charged particle trace) command.
TSHAP - Defines simple 2-D and 3-D geometric surfaces for target segment elements.
/TSPEC - Creates annotation text attributes (GUI).
TSRES - Defines an array of keytimes at which the time-stepping strategy changes.
TUNIF - Assigns a uniform temperature to all nodes.
TVAR - Changes time to the cumulative iteration number.
/TXTRE - Controls application of texture to selected items.
/TYPE - Defines the type of display.
TYPE - Sets the element type attribute pointer.
TZAMESH - Meshes the areas of a volume to create Trefftz nodes.
TZDELE - Deletes the Trefftz superelement, associated constraint equations and all supporting Trefftz files.
TZEGEN - Generates a Trefftz domain substructure and defines a Trefftz superelement for use in electrostatic analysis.
XXII. U Commands
/UDOC - Determines position and content for the multi-legend options.
/UI - Activates specified GUI dialog boxes.
UIMP - Defines constant material properties (GUI).
/UIS - Controls the GUI behavior.
UNDELETE - Removes results sets from the group of sets selected for editing.
UNDO - Allows the user to modify or save commands issued since the last RESUME or SAVE command.
/UNITS - Annotates the database with the system of units used.
UPCOORD - Modifies the coordinates of the active set of nodes, based on the current displacements.
UPGEOM - Adds displacements from a previous analysis and updates the geometry of the finite element model to the deformed configuration.
/USER - Conveniently resets /FOCUS and /DIST to USER.
USRCAL - Allows user-solution subroutines to be activated or deactivated.
USRDOF - Specifies the degrees of freedom for the user-defined element USER300.
USRELEM - Specifies the characteristics of the user-defined element USER300.
XXIII. V Commands
V - Defines a volume through keypoints.
V2DOPT - Specifies 2-D/axisymmetric view factor calculation options.
VA - Generates a volume bounded by existing areas.
VADD - Adds separate volumes to create a single volume.
VALVE - Defines a valve in a piping run.
VARDEL - Deletes a variable (GUI).
VARNAM - Names (or renames) a variable.
VATT - Associates element attributes with the selected, unmeshed volumes.
VCLEAR - Deletes nodes and volume elements associated with selected volumes.
/VCONE - Defines the view cone angle for perspective displays.
VCROSS - Forms element table items from the cross product of two vectors.
VCVFILL - Fills cavities and bosses in volumes (for models imported from CAD files).
VDDAM - Specifies the velocity spectrum computation constants for the analysis of shock resistance of shipboard structures.
VDELE - Deletes unmeshed volumes.
VDGL - Lists keypoints of a volume that lie on a parametric degeneracy.
VDOT - Forms an element table item from the dot product of two vectors.
VDRAG - Generates volumes by dragging an area pattern along a path.
VEORIENT - Specifies brick element orientation for volume mapped (hexahedron) meshing.
VEXT - Generates additional volumes by extruding areas.
VFCALC - Computes and stores Hemicube view factors.
VFOPT - Specifies options for view factor file.
VFQUERY - Queries and prints element Hemicube view factors and average view factor.
VGEN - Generates additional volumes from a pattern of volumes.
VGET - Moves a variable into an array parameter vector.
VGLUE - Generates new volumes by "gluing" volumes.
/VIEW - Defines the viewing direction for the display.
VIMP - Improves the quality of the tetrahedral elements in the selected volume(s).
VINP - Finds the pairwise intersection of volumes.
VINV - Finds the intersection of volumes.
VLIST - Lists the defined volumes.
VLSCALE - Generates a scaled set of volumes from a pattern of volumes.
VMESH - Generates nodes and volume elements within volumes.
VOFFST - Generates a volume, offset from a given area.
VOLUMES - Specifies "Volumes" as the subsequent status topic.
VOVLAP - Overlaps volumes.
VPLOT - Displays the selected volumes.
VPTN - Partitions volumes.
VPUT - Moves an array parameter vector into a variable.
VROTAT - Generates cylindrical volumes by rotating an area pattern about an axis.
VSBA - Subtracts areas from volumes.
VSBV - Subtracts volumes from volumes.
VSBW - Subtracts intersection of the working plane from volumes (divides volumes).
/VSCALE - Scales the length of displayed vectors.
VSEL - Selects a subset of volumes.
VSLA - Selects those volumes containing the selected areas.
VSUM - Calculates and prints geometry statistics of the selected volumes.
VSWEEP - Fills an existing unmeshed volume with elements by sweeping the mesh from an adjacent area through the volume.
VSYMM - Generates volumes from a volume pattern by symmetry reflection.
/VT - Enters the Variational Technology preprocessor.
VTCLR - Clears the Variational Technology database.
VTDISC - Defines an element component as a discrete input variable for the DesignXplorer.
VTEVAL - Triggers evaluation of generated results based on input variables specified via the VTVMOD command.
VTFREQ - Defines the frequency as input variable for the harmonic sweep functionality of VT Accelerator.
VTGEOM - Defines a geometry parameter created with ANSYS Mesh Morpher as a DesignXplorer input variable.
VTIN - Defines an inertial load as an input variable for DesignXplorer.
VTMETH - Defines the solution options for the DesignXplorer.
VTMP - Defines a material property as an input variable for DesignXplorer.
VTOP - Defines options value for the DesignXplorer.
VTPOST - Launches the DesignXplorer postprocessing application.
VTRAN - Transfers a pattern of volumes to another coordinate system.
VTREAL - Defines a real constant property as an input variable for the DesignXplorer.
VTRFIL - Specifies the file to which DesignXplorer results are written.
VTRSLT - Defines a result quantity for the DesignXplorer.
VTSEC - Defines a section property as an input variable for DesignXplorer.
VTSFE - Defines a surface load as an input variable for the DesignXplorer.
VTSL - Selects a subset of elements associated with an VT input variable.
VTSTAT - Print the status of the DesignXplorer definitions and settings into a separate window.
VTTEMP - Defines the temperature as input variable for the DesignXplorer.
VTVMOD - Modifies the status or current value of an input variable for the DesignXplorer.
VTYPE - Specifies the viewing procedure used to determine the form factors for the Radiation Matrix method.
/VUP - Specifies the global Cartesian coordinate system reference orientation.
XXIV. W Commands
WAVES - Initiates reordering.
WERASE - Erases all reordering wave lists.
WFRONT - Estimates wavefront statistics.
/WINDOW - Defines the window size on the screen.
WMID - Specifies reordering options for the WAVES command.
WMORE - Adds more nodes to the starting wave list.
WPAVE - Moves the working plane origin to the average of specified points.
WPCSYS - Defines the working plane location based on a coordinate system.
WPLANE - Defines a working plane to assist in picking operations.
WPOFFS - Offsets the working plane.
WPROTA - Rotates the working plane.
WPSTYL - Controls the display and style of the working plane.
WRFULL - Stops solution after assembling global matrices.
WRITE - Writes the radiation matrix file.
WSORT - Initiates element reordering based upon a geometric sort.
WSPRINGS - Creates weak springs on corner nodes of a bounding box of the currently selected elements.
WSTART - Defines a starting wave list.
XXV. X Commands
/XFRM - Controls the centroid or the axis of dynamic rotation.
/XRANGE - Specifies a linear abscissa (X) scale range.
XVAR - Specifies the X variable to be displayed.
XVAROPT - Specifies the parameter to be used as the X-axis variable.
XXVI. Y Commands
/YRANGE - Specifies a linear ordinate (Y) scale range.
XXVII. Z Commands
/ZOOM - Zooms a region of a display window.
Elements Reference
1. About This Manual
1.1. Conventions Used in this Manual
1.1.1. Product Codes
1.1.2. Applicable ANSYS Products
1.2. ANSYS Product Capabilities
2. General Element Features
2.1. Element Input
2.1.1. Element Name
2.1.2. Nodes
2.1.3. Degrees of Freedom
2.1.4. Real Constants
2.1.5. Material Properties
2.1.6. Surface Loads
2.1.7. Body Loads
2.1.8. Special Features
2.1.9. KEYOPTS
2.2. Solution Output
2.2.1. Nodal Solution
2.2.2. Element Solution
2.3. Coordinate Systems
2.3.1. Element Coordinate Systems
2.3.2. Elements that Operate in the Nodal Coordinate System
2.4. Linear Material Properties
2.5. Data Tables - Implicit Analysis
2.5.1. GUI-Inaccessible Material Properties
2.5.2. Nonlinear Stress-Strain Materials
2.5.3. Hyperelastic Material Constants
2.5.4. Viscoelastic Material Constants
2.5.5. Magnetic Materials
2.5.6. High-Frequency Electromagnetic Materials
2.5.7. Anisotropic Elastic Materials
2.5.8. Piezoelectric Materials
2.5.9. Piezoresistive Materials
2.5.10. Anisotropic Electric Permittivity Materials
2.5.11. Rate-Dependent Plastic (Viscoplastic) Materials
2.5.12. Gasket Materials
2.5.13. Creep Equations
2.5.14. Shape Memory Alloys
2.5.15. Swelling Equations
2.5.16. MPC184 Joint Materials
2.5.17. Contact Friction
2.5.18. Cohesive Zone Materials
2.6. Material Model Combinations
2.7. Explicit Dynamics Materials
2.8. Node and Element Loads
2.9. Triangle, Prism and Tetrahedral Elements
2.10. Shell Elements
2.11. Generalized Plane Strain Option of 18x Solid Elements
2.12. Axisymmetric Elements
2.13. Axisymmetric Elements with Nonaxisymmetric Loads
2.14. Shear Deflection
2.15. Geometric Nonlinearities
2.16. Mixed u-P Formulation Elements
2.16.1. Element Technologies
2.16.2. 18x Mixed u-P Elements
2.16.3. Applications of Mixed u-P Formulations
2.16.4. Overconstrained Models and No Unique Solution
2.17. Legacy vs. Current Element Technologies
2.18. Automatic Selection of Element Technologies
3. Element Characteristics
3.1. Element Classifications
3.2. Pictorial Summary
3.3. GUI-Inaccessible Elements
I. Element Library
4. Element Library
LINK1 - 2-D Spar (or Truss)
BEAM3 - 2-D Elastic Beam
BEAM4 - 3-D Elastic Beam
SOLID5 - 3-D Coupled-Field Solid
COMBIN7 - Revolute Joint
LINK8 - 3-D Spar (or Truss)
INFIN9 - 2-D Infinite Boundary
LINK10 - Tension-only or Compression-only Spar
LINK11 - Linear Actuator
CONTAC12 - 2-D Point-to-Point Contact
PLANE13 - 2-D Coupled-Field Solid
COMBIN14 - Spring-Damper
PIPE16 - Elastic Straight Pipe
PIPE17 - Elastic Pipe Tee
PIPE18 - Elastic Curved Pipe
PIPE20 - Plastic Straight Thin-Walled Pipe
MASS21 - Structural Mass
BEAM23 - 2-D Plastic Beam
BEAM24 - 3-D Thin-walled Beam
PLANE25 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic 4-Node Structural Solid
MATRIX27 - Stiffness, Damping, or Mass Matrix
SHELL28 - Shear/Twist Panel
FLUID29 - 2-D Axisymmetric Harmonic Acoustic Fluid
FLUID30 - 3-D Acoustic Fluid
LINK31 - Radiation Link
LINK32 - 2-D Conduction Bar
LINK33 - 3-D Conduction Bar
LINK34 - Convection Link
PLANE35 - 2-D 6-Node Triangular Thermal Solid
SOURC36 - Current Source
COMBIN37 - Control
FLUID38 - Dynamic Fluid Coupling
COMBIN39 - Nonlinear Spring
COMBIN40 - Combination
SHELL41 - Membrane Shell
PLANE42 - 2-D Structural Solid
SHELL43 - 4-Node Plastic Large Strain Shell
BEAM44 - 3-D Elastic Tapered Unsymmetric Beam
SOLID45 - 3-D Structural Solid
SOLID46 - 3-D 8-Node Layered Structural Solid
INFIN47 - 3-D Infinite Boundary
MATRIX50 - Superelement (or Substructure)
CONTAC52 - 3-D Point-to-Point Contact
PLANE53 - 2-D 8-Node Magnetic Solid
BEAM54 - 2-D Elastic Tapered Unsymmetric Beam
PLANE55 - 2-D Thermal Solid
SHELL57 - Thermal Shell
PIPE59 - Immersed Pipe or Cable
PIPE60 - Plastic Curved Thin-Walled Pipe
SHELL61 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic Structural Shell
SOLID62 - 3-D Magneto-Structural Solid
SHELL63 - Elastic Shell
SOLID65 - 3-D Reinforced Concrete Solid
PLANE67 - 2-D Coupled Thermal-Electric Solid
LINK68 - Coupled Thermal-Electric Line
SOLID69 - 3-D Coupled Thermal-Electric Solid
SOLID70 - 3-D Thermal Solid
MASS71 - Thermal Mass
PLANE75 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic 4-Node Thermal Solid
PLANE77 - 2-D 8-Node Thermal Solid
PLANE78 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic 8-Node Thermal Solid
FLUID79 - 2-D Contained Fluid
FLUID80 - 3-D Contained Fluid
FLUID81 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic Contained Fluid
PLANE82 - 2-D 8-Node Structural Solid
PLANE83 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic 8-Node Structural Solid
SOLID87 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Thermal Solid
VISCO88 - 2-D 8-Node Viscoelastic Solid
VISCO89 - 3-D 20-Node Viscoelastic Solid
SOLID90 - 3-D 20-Node Thermal Solid
SHELL91 - Nonlinear Layered Structural Shell
SOLID92 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Structural Solid
SHELL93 - 8-Node Structural Shell
CIRCU94 - Piezoelectric Circuit
SOLID95 - 3-D 20-Node Structural Solid
SOLID96 - 3-D Magnetic Scalar Solid
SOLID97 - 3-D Magnetic Solid
SOLID98 - Tetrahedral Coupled-Field Solid
SHELL99 - Linear Layered Structural Shell
VISCO106 - 2-D 4-Node Viscoplastic Solid
VISCO107 - 3-D 8-Node Viscoplastic Solid
VISCO108 - 2-D 8-Node Viscoplastic Solid
TRANS109 - 2-D Electromechanical Transducer
INFIN110 - 2-D Infinite Solid
INFIN111 - 3-D Infinite Solid
INTER115 - 3-D Magnetic Interface
FLUID116 - Coupled Thermal-Fluid Pipe
SOLID117 - 3-D 20-Node Magnetic Solid
HF118 - 2-D High-Frequency Quadrilateral Solid
HF119 - 3-D High-Frequency Tetrahedral Solid
HF120 - 3-D High-Frequency Brick Solid
PLANE121 - 2-D 8-Node Electrostatic Solid
SOLID122 - 3-D 20-Node Electrostatic Solid
SOLID123 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Electrostatic Solid
CIRCU124 - Electric Circuit
CIRCU125 - Diode
TRANS126 - Electromechanical Transducer
SOLID127 - 3-D Tetrahedral Electrostatic Solid p-Element
SOLID128 - 3-D Brick Electrostatic Solid p-Element
FLUID129 - 2-D Infinite Acoustic
FLUID130 - 3-D Infinite Acoustic
SHELL131 - 4-Node Layered Thermal Shell
SHELL132 - 8-Node Layered Thermal Shell
FLUID136 - 3-D Squeeze Film Fluid Element
FLUID138 - 3-D Viscous Fluid Link Element
FLUID139 - 3-D Slide Film Fluid Element
FLUID141 - 2-D Fluid-Thermal
FLUID142 - 3-D Fluid-Thermal
ROM144 - Reduced Order Electrostatic-Structural
PLANE145 - 2-D Quadrilateral Structural Solid p-Element
PLANE146 - 2-D Triangular Structural Solid p-Element
SOLID147 - 3-D Brick Structural Solid p-Element
SOLID148 - 3-D Tetrahedral Structural Solid p-Element
SHELL150 - 8-Node Structural Shell p-Element
SURF151 - 2-D Thermal Surface Effect
SURF152 - 3-D Thermal Surface Effect
SURF153 - 2-D Structural Surface Effect
SURF154 - 3-D Structural Surface Effect
SURF156 - 3-D Structural Surface Line Load Effect
SHELL157 - Thermal-Electric Shell
LINK160 - Explicit 3-D Spar (or Truss)
BEAM161 - Explicit 3-D Beam
PLANE162 - Explicit 2-D Structural Solid
SHELL163 - Explicit Thin Structural Shell
SOLID164 - Explicit 3-D Structural Solid
COMBI165 - Explicit Spring-Damper
MASS166 - Explicit 3-D Structural Mass
LINK167 - Explicit Tension-Only Spar
SOLID168 - Explicit 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Structural Solid
TARGE169 - 2-D Target Segment
TARGE170 - 3-D Target Segment
CONTA171 - 2-D 2-Node Surface-to-Surface Contact
CONTA172 - 2-D 3-Node Surface-to-Surface Contact
CONTA173 - 3-D 4-Node Surface-to-Surface Contact
CONTA174 - 3-D 8-Node Surface-to-Surface Contact
CONTA175 - 2-D/3-D Node-to-Surface Contact
CONTA176 - 3-D Line-to-Line Contact
CONTA177 - 3-D Line-to-Surface Contact
CONTA178 - 3-D Node-to-Node Contact
PRETS179 - Pretension
LINK180 - 3-D Finite Strain Spar (or Truss)
SHELL181 - 4-Node Finite Strain Shell
PLANE182 - 2-D 4-Node Structural Solid
PLANE183 - 2-D 8-Node or 6-Node Structural Solid
MPC184 - Multipoint Constraint Element
MPC184-Link/Beam - Multipoint Constraint Element: Rigid Link or Rigid Beam
MPC184-Slider - Multipoint Constraint Element: Slider
MPC184-Revolute - Multipoint Constraint Element: Revolute Joint
MPC184-Universal - Multipoint Constraint Element: Universal Joint
MPC184-Slot - Multipoint Constraint Element: Slot Joint
MPC184-Point - Multipoint Constraint Element: Point-in-plane Joint
MPC184-Translational - Multipoint Constraint Element: Translational Joint
MPC184-Cylindrical - Multipoint Constraint Element: Cylindrical Joint
MPC184-Planar - Multipoint Constraint Element: Planar Joint
MPC184-Weld - Multipoint Constraint Element: Weld Joint
MPC184-Orient - Multipoint Constraint Element: Orient Joint
MPC184-Spherical - Multipoint Constraint Element: Spherical Joint
MPC184-General - Multipoint Constraint Element: General Joint
SOLID185 - 3-D 8-Node Structural Solid or Layered Solid
SOLID186 - 3-D 20-Node Structural Solid or Layered Solid
SOLID187 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Structural Solid
BEAM188 - 3-D Linear Finite Strain Beam
BEAM189 - 3-D Quadratic Finite Strain Beam
SOLSH190 - 3-D 8-Node Layered Solid Shell
SOLID191 - 3-D 20-Node Layered Structural Solid
INTER192 - 2-D 4-Node Gasket
INTER193 - 2-D 6-Node Gasket
INTER194 - 3-D 16-Node Gasket
INTER195 - 3-D 8-Node Gasket
MESH200 - Meshing Facet
FOLLW201 - Follower Load
INTER202 - 2-D 4-Node Cohesive Zone
INTER203 - 2-D 6-Node Cohesive Zone
INTER204 - 3-D 16-Node Cohesive Zone
INTER205 - 3-D 8-Node Cohesive Zone
SHELL208 - 2-Node Finite Strain Axisymmetric Shell
SHELL209 - 3-Node Finite Strain Axisymmetric Shell
COMBI214 - 2-D Spring-Damper Bearing
PLANE223 - 2-D 8-Node Coupled-Field Solid
SOLID226 - 3-D 20-Node Coupled-Field Solid
SOLID227 - 3-D 10-Node Coupled-Field Solid
PLANE230 - 2-D 8-Node Electric Solid
SOLID231 - 3-D 20-Node Electric Solid
SOLID232 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Electric Solid
SURF251 - 2-D Radiosity Surface
SURF252 - 3-D Thermal Radiosity Surface
REINF265 - 3-D Smeared Reinforcing
SHELL281 - 8-Node Finite Strain Shell
Bibliography
Operations Guide
1. Introducing ANSYS
2. The ANSYS Environment
2.1. Entering a Processor
2.2. Exiting from a Processor or ANSYS
2.2.1. Stopping the Input of a File
2.3. The ANSYS Database
2.3.1. Defining or Deleting Database Items
2.3.2. Saving the Database
2.3.3. Restoring Database Contents
2.3.4. Using the Session Editor to Modify the Database
2.3.5. Clearing the Database
2.4. ANSYS Program Files
2.4.1. ANSYS File Types
2.4.2. ANSYS File Sizes
2.4.3. The Jobname.LOG File
2.5. Communicating With the ANSYS Program
2.5.1. Communicating Via the Graphical User Interface (GUI)
2.5.2. Communicating Via Commands
2.5.3. Command Defaults
2.5.4. Abbreviations
2.5.5. Command Macro Files
3. Running the ANSYS Program
3.1. Starting an ANSYS Session from the Command Level
3.2. The ANSYS Launcher
3.2.1. Starting an ANSYS Session from the Start Menu/Launcher
3.2.2. Launcher Menu Options
3.3. Interactive Mode
3.3.1. Executing the ANSYS or DISPLAY Programs from Windows Explorer
3.4. Batch Mode
3.4.1. Starting a Batch Job from the Command Line
3.4.2. Launching LSF/Batch from the ANSYS Input Window
3.4.3. Configuring LSF/Batch on Your System
3.5. Choosing an ANSYS Product
3.5.1. Changing the Default Product for a UNIX System
3.5.2. Changing the Default Product for Start-up on Windows
3.6. Setting Preferences with the start110.ans File
3.6.1. The start110.ans File
3.7. Estimating ANSYS Run Time
3.7.1. Creating a SETSPEED Macro File
3.7.2. Using a SETSPEED Macro to Estimate Run Time
4. Using the ANSYS GUI
4.1. GUI Controls
4.1.1. A Dialog Box and Its Components
4.2. Activating the GUI
4.3. Layout of the GUI
4.3.1. The Utility Menu
4.3.2. The Standard Toolbar
4.3.3. Command Input Options
4.3.4. The ANSYS Toolbar
4.3.5. The Main Menu
4.3.6. The Graphics Window
4.3.7. The Output Window
4.3.8. Creating, Modifying and Positioning Toolbars
5. Graphical Picking
5.1. Locational and Retrieval Picking
5.2. Query Picking
5.2.1. The Model Query Picker
5.2.2. The Results Query Picker
6. Customizing ANSYS and the GUI
6.1. The Configuration File
6.2. Splitting Files Across File Partitions
6.3. Customizing the GUI
6.3.1. Changing the GUI Layout
6.3.2. Changing Colors and Fonts
6.3.3. Changing the GUI Components Shown at Start-Up
6.3.4. Changing the Mouse and Keyboard Focus
6.3.5. Changing the Menu Hierarchy and Dialog Boxes Using UIDL
6.3.6. Creating Dialog Boxes Using Tcl/Tk
6.4. ANSYS Neutral File Format
6.4.1. Neutral File Specification
6.4.2. AUX15 Commands to Read Geometry Into the ANSYS database
6.4.3. A Sample ANSYS Neutral File Input Listing
7. Using the Online Help and Manuals
7.1. Using Help Features
7.1.1. Using Hypertext Links
7.1.2. Locating Topics Via Word Search
7.1.3. Revisiting Previously-Viewed Topics
7.1.4. Printing the Window Contents
7.1.5. Using 'What's This' Help
7.2. Customizing ANSYS Help
7.2.1. Adding Help Calls to GUI Objects
7.2.2. Creating HTML Files
7.2.3. Updating the Look-Up Table
8. Using the ANSYS Session and Command Logs
8.1. Using the Session Log File
8.2. Using the Database Command Log
8.3. Using a Command Log File as Input
Basic Analysis Guide
1. Getting Started with ANSYS
1.1. Building the Model
1.1.1. Specifying a Jobname and Analysis Title
1.1.2. Defining Element Types
1.1.3. Defining Element Real Constants
1.1.4. Defining Material Properties
1.1.5. Creating the Model Geometry
1.2. Applying Loads and Obtaining the Solution
1.2.1. Defining the Analysis Type and Analysis Options
1.2.2. Applying Loads
1.2.3. Specifying Load Step Options
1.2.4. Initiating the Solution
1.3. Reviewing the Results
2. Loading
2.1. What Are Loads?
2.2. Load Steps, Substeps, and Equilibrium Iterations
2.3. The Role of Time in Tracking
2.4. Stepped Versus Ramped Loads
2.5. How to Apply Loads
2.5.1. Solid-Model Loads: Advantages and Disadvantages
2.5.2. Finite-Element Loads: Advantages and Disadvantages
2.5.3. DOF Constraints
2.5.4. Applying Symmetry or Antisymmetry Boundary Conditions
2.5.5. Transferring Constraints
2.5.6. Forces (Concentrated Loads)
2.5.7. Surface Loads
2.5.8. Body Loads
2.5.9. Inertia Loads
2.5.10. Coupled-Field Loads
2.5.11. Axisymmetric Loads and Reactions
2.5.12. Loads to Which the DOF Offers No Resistance
2.5.13. Initial State Loading
2.5.14. Applying Loads Using TABLE Type Array Parameters
2.5.15. Applying Loads Using Function Boundary Conditions
2.6. How to Specify Load Step Options
2.6.1. General Options
2.6.2. Dynamics Options
2.6.3. Nonlinear Options
2.6.4. Output Controls
2.6.5. Biot-Savart Options
2.6.6. Spectrum Options
2.7. Creating Multiple Load Step Files
2.8. Defining Pretension in a Joint Fastener
2.8.1. Applying Pretension to a Fastener Meshed as a Single Piece
2.8.2. Applying Pretension to a Fastener Meshed as Two Pieces
2.8.3. Example Pretension Analysis
2.8.4. Example Pretension Analysis (GUI Method)
3. Solution
3.1. Selecting a Solver
3.2. Types of Solvers
3.2.1. The Sparse Direct Solver
3.2.2. The Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) Solver
3.2.3. The Jacobi Conjugate Gradient (JCG) Solver
3.2.4. The Incomplete Cholesky Conjugate Gradient (ICCG) Solver
3.2.5. The Quasi-Minimal Residual (QMR) Solver
3.2.6. The Frontal Solver
3.2.7. The Algebraic Multigrid (AMG) Solver
3.2.8. The Distributed Direct (DSPARSE) Solver
3.2.9. The Automatic Iterative (Fast) Solver Option
3.3. Solver Memory and Performance
3.3.1. Running ANSYS Solvers under Shared Memory
3.3.2. Using ANSYS' Large Memory Capabilities with the Sparse Solver
3.3.3. Disk Space (I/O) and Post-Processing Performance for Large Memory Problems
3.3.4. Memory Usage on Windows 32-bit Systems
3.3.5. Estimating Run Time and File Sizes
3.4. Using Special Solution Controls for Certain Types of Structural Analyses
3.4.1. Using Abridged Solution Menus
3.4.2. Using the Solution Controls Dialog Box
3.4.3. Accessing More Information
3.5. Using the PGR File to Store Data for Postprocessing
3.5.1. PGR File Capability
3.5.2. Selecting Information for the PGR File
3.5.3. PGR Commands
3.6. Obtaining the Solution
3.7. Solving Multiple Load Steps
3.7.1. Using the Multiple SOLVE Method
3.7.2. Using the Load Step File Method
3.7.3. Using the Array Parameter Method
3.8. Terminating a Running Job
3.9. Restarting an Analysis
3.9.1. Singleframe Restart
3.9.2. Multiframe Restart
3.9.3. VT Accelerator Re-run
3.10. Exercising Partial Solution Steps
3.11. Singularities
3.12. Stopping Solution After Matrix Assembly
4. An Overview of Postprocessing
4.1. Postprocessors Available
4.2. The Results Files
4.3. Types of Data Available for Postprocessing
5. The General Postprocessor (POST1)
5.1. Reading Results Data into the Database
5.1.1. Reading in Results Data
5.1.2. Other Options for Retrieving Results Data
5.1.3. Creating an Element Table
5.1.4. Special Considerations for Principal Stresses
5.1.5. Reading in FLOTRAN Results
5.1.6. Resetting the Database
5.2. Reviewing Results in POST1
5.2.1. Displaying Results Graphically
5.2.2. Surface Operations
5.2.3. Integrating Surface Results
5.2.4. Listing Results in Tabular Form
5.2.5. Mapping Results onto a Path
5.2.6. Estimating Solution Error
5.2.7. Using the Results Viewer to Access Your Results File Data
5.3. Using the PGR File in POST1
5.3.1. Specifying a New PGR File in POST1
5.3.2. Appending to an Existing PGR File in POST1
5.4. Additional POST1 Postprocessing
5.4.1. Rotating Results to a Different Coordinate System
5.4.2. Performing Arithmetic Operations Among Results Data
5.4.3. Creating and Combining Load Cases
5.4.4. Mapping Results onto a Different Mesh or to a Cut Boundary
5.4.5. Creating or Modifying Results Data in the Database
5.4.6. Splitting Large Results Files
5.4.7. Magnetics Command Macros
6. The Time-History Postprocessor (POST26)
6.1. The Time-History Variable Viewer
6.2. Entering the Time-History Postprocessor
6.2.1. Interactive
6.2.2. Batch
6.3. Defining Variables
6.3.1. Interactive
6.3.2. Batch
6.4. Processing Your Variables to Develop Calculated Data
6.4.1. Interactive
6.4.2. Batch
6.5. Importing Data
6.5.1. Interactive
6.5.2. Batch Mode
6.6. Exporting Data
6.6.1. Interactive Mode
6.6.2. Batch Mode
6.7. Reviewing the Variables
6.7.1. Plotting Result Graphs
6.7.2. Listing Your Results in Tabular Form
6.8. Additional Time-History Postprocessing
6.8.1. Random Vibration (PSD) Results Postprocessing
6.8.2. Generating a Response Spectrum
6.8.3. Data Smoothing
7. Selecting and Components
7.1. Selecting Entities
7.1.1. Selecting Entities Using Commands
7.1.2. Selecting Entities Using the GUI
7.1.3. Selecting Lines to Repair CAD Geometry
7.1.4. Other Commands for Selecting
7.2. Selecting for Meaningful Postprocessing
7.3. Grouping Geometry Items into Components and Assemblies
7.3.1. Creating Components
7.3.2. Nesting Assemblies
7.3.3. Selecting Entities by Component or Assembly
7.3.4. Adding or Removing Components
7.3.5. Modifying Components or Assemblies
8. Getting Started with Graphics
8.1. Interactive Versus External Graphics
8.2. Identifying the Graphics Device Name (for UNIX)
8.2.1. Graphics Device Names Available
8.2.2. Graphics Drivers and Capabilities Supported on UNIX Systems
8.2.3. Graphics Device Types Supported on UNIX Systems
8.2.4. Graphics Environment Variables
8.3. Specifying the Graphics Display Device Type (for Windows)
8.4. System-Dependent Graphics Information
8.4.1. Adjusting Input Focus
8.4.2. Deactivating Backing Store
8.4.3. Setting Up IBM RS/6000 3-D OpenGL Supported Graphics Adapters
8.4.4. Displaying X11 Graphics over Networks
8.4.5. HP Graphics Drivers
8.4.6. Producing GraphicDisplays on an HP PaintJet Printer
8.4.7. PostScript Hard-Copy Option
8.4.8. IBM RS/6000 Graphics Drivers
8.4.9. Silicon Graphics Drivers
8.4.10. Sun UltraSPARC Graphics Drivers (32 and 64 bit versions)
8.5. Creating Graphics Displays
8.5.1. GUI-Driven Graphics Functions
8.5.2. Command-Driven Graphics Functions
8.5.3. Immediate Mode Graphics
8.5.4. Replotting the Current Display
8.5.5. Erasing the Current Display
8.5.6. Aborting a Display in Progress
8.6. Multi-Plotting Techniques
8.6.1. Defining the Window Layout
8.6.2. Choosing What Entities Each Window Displays
8.6.3. Choosing the Display Used for Plots
8.6.4. Displaying Selected Entities
9. General Graphics Specifications
9.1. Using the GUI to Control Displays
9.2. Multiple ANSYS Windows, Superimposed Displays
9.2.1. Defining ANSYS Windows
9.2.2. Activating and Deactivating ANSYS Windows
9.2.3. Deleting ANSYS Windows
9.2.4. Copying Display Specifications Between Windows
9.2.5. Superimposing (Overlaying) Multiple Displays
9.2.6. Removing Frame Borders
9.3. Changing the Viewing Angle, Zooming, and Panning
9.3.1. Changing the Viewing Direction
9.3.2. Rotating the Display About a Specified Axis
9.3.3. Determining the Model Coordinate System Reference Orientation
9.3.4. Translating (or Panning) the Display
9.3.5. Magnifying (Zooming in on) the Image
9.3.6. Using the Control Key to Pan, Zoom, and Rotate - Dynamic Manipulation Mode
9.3.7. Resetting Automatic Scaling and Focus
9.3.8. Freezing Scale (Distance) and Focus
9.4. Controlling Miscellaneous Text and Symbols
9.4.1. Using Legends in Your Displays
9.4.2. Controlling Entity Fonts
9.4.3. Controlling the Location of the Global XYZ Triad
9.4.4. Turning Triad Symbols On and Off
9.4.5. Changing the Style of the Working Plane Grid
9.4.6. Turning the ANSYS Logo On and Off
9.5. Miscellaneous Graphics Specifications
9.5.1. Reviewing Graphics Control Specifications
9.5.2. Restoring Defaults for Graphics Slash Commands
9.5.3. Saving the Display Specifications on a File
9.5.4. Recalling Display Specifications from a File
9.5.5. Pausing the ANSYS Program
9.6. 3-D Input Device Support
10. PowerGraphics
10.1. Characteristics of PowerGraphics
10.2. When to Use PowerGraphics
10.3. Activating and Deactivating PowerGraphics
10.4. How to Use PowerGraphics
10.5. What to Expect from a PowerGraphics Plot
10.5.1. Viewing Your Element Model
10.5.2. Printing and Plotting Node and Element Results
11. Creating Geometry Displays
11.1. Creating Displays of Solid-Model Entities
11.2. Changing the Specifications for Your Geometry Displays
11.2.1. Changing the Style of Your Display
11.2.2. Applying Styles to Enhance the Model Appearance
11.2.3. Controlling Numbers and Colors
11.2.4. Displaying Loads and Other Special Symbols
12. Creating Geometric Results Displays
12.1. Using the GUI to Display Geometric Results
12.2. Options for Creating Geometric Results Displays
12.3. Changing the Specifications for POST1 Results Displays
12.3.1. Controlling Displaced Shape Displays
12.3.2. Controlling Vector Symbols in Your Results Display
12.3.3. Controlling Contour Displays
12.3.4. Changing the Number of Contours
12.4. Q-Slice Techniques
12.5. Isosurface Techniques
12.6. Controlling Particle Flow or Charged Particle Trace Displays
13. Creating Graphs
13.1. Graph Display Actions
13.2. Changing the Specifications for Graph Displays
13.2.1. Changing the Type, Style, and Color of Your Graph Display
13.2.2. Labeling Your Graph
13.2.3. Defining X and Y Variables and Their Ranges
14. Annotation
14.1. 2-D Annotation
14.2. Creating Annotations for ANSYS Models
14.3. 3-D Annotation
14.4. 3-D Query Annotation
15. Animation
15.1. Creating Animated Displays Within ANSYS
15.2. Using the Basic Animation Commands
15.3. Using One-Step Animation Macros
15.4. Capturing Animated Display Sequences Off-Line
15.5. The Stand Alone ANIMATE Program
15.5.1. Installing the ANIMATE Program
15.5.2. Running the ANIMATE Program
15.6. Animation in the Windows Environment
15.6.1. How ANSYS Supports AVI Files
15.6.2. How the DISPLAY Program Supports AVI Files
15.6.3. Other Uses for AVI Files
16. External Graphics
16.1. External Graphics Options
16.1.1. Printing Graphics in Windows
16.1.2. Exporting Graphics in Windows
16.1.3. Printing Graphics in UNIX
16.1.4. Exporting Graphics in UNIX
16.2. Creating a Neutral Graphics File
16.3. Using the DISPLAY Program to View and Translate Neutral Graphics Files
16.3.1. Getting Started with the DISPLAY Program
16.3.2. Viewing Static Images on a Terminal Screen
16.3.3. Viewing Animated Sequences on a Screen
16.3.4. Capturing Animated Sequences Offline
16.3.5. Exporting Files to Desktop Publishing or Word Processing Programs
16.3.6. Editing the Neutral Graphics File with the UNIX GUI
16.4. Obtaining Hardcopy Plots
16.4.1. Activating the Hardcopy Capability of Your Terminal on UNIX Systems
16.4.2. Obtaining Hardcopy on External Devices Using the DISPLAY Program
16.4.3. Printing Graphics Displays on a Windows-Supported Printer
17. The Report Generator
17.1. Starting the Report Generator
17.1.1. Specifying a Location for Captured Data and Reports
17.1.2. Understanding the Behavior of the ANSYS Graphics Window
17.1.3. A Note About the Graphics File Format
17.2. Capturing an Image
17.2.1. Interactive
17.2.2. Batch
17.3. Capturing Animation
17.3.1. Interactive
17.3.2. Batch
17.4. Capturing a Data Table
17.4.1. Interactive
17.4.2. Batch
17.5. Capturing a Listing
17.5.1. Interactive
17.5.2. Batch
17.6. Assembling a Report
17.6.1. Interactive Report Assembly
17.6.2. Batch Report Assembly
17.6.3. Report Assembly Using the JavaScript Interface
17.7. Setting Report Generator Defaults
18. File Management and Files
18.1. File Management Overview
18.1.1. Executing the Run Interactive Now or DISPLAY Programs from Windows Explorer
18.2. Changing the Default File Name
18.3. Sending Output to Screens, Files, or Both
18.4. Text Versus Binary Files
18.4.1. ANSYS Binary Files over NFS
18.4.2. Files that ANSYS Writes
18.4.3. File Compression
18.5. Reading Your Own Files into the ANSYS Program
18.6. Writing Your Own ANSYS Files from the ANSYS Program
18.7. Assigning Different File Names
18.8. Reviewing Contents of Binary Files (AUX2)
18.9. Operating on Results Files (AUX3)
18.10. Other File Management Commands
19. Memory Management and Configuration
19.1. ANSYS Work and Swap Space Requirements
19.2. How ANSYS Uses its Work Space
19.3. How and When to Perform Memory Management
19.3.1. Allocating Memory to ANSYS Manually
19.3.2. Changing the Amount of ANSYS Work Space
19.3.3. Changing Database Space From the Default
19.4. Using the Configuration File
19.5. Understanding ANSYS Memory Error Messages
Advanced Analysis Techniques Guide
1. Design Optimization
1.1. Getting Started with Design Optimization
1.1.1. Design Optimization Terminology
1.1.2. Information Flow for an Optimization Analysis
1.2. Optimizing a Design
1.2.1. Create the Analysis File
1.2.2. Establish Parameters for Optimization
1.2.3. Enter OPT and Specify the Analysis File
1.2.4. Declare Optimization Variables
1.2.5. Choose Optimization Tool or Method
1.2.6. Specify Optimization Looping Controls
1.2.7. Initiate Optimization Analysis
1.2.8. Review Design Sets Data
1.3. Multiple Optimization Executions
1.3.1. Restarting an Optimization Analysis
1.4. Optimization Methods
1.4.1. Subproblem Approximation Method
1.4.2. First Order Method
1.4.3. Random Design Generation
1.4.4. Using the Sweep Tool
1.4.5. Using the Factorial Tool
1.4.6. Using the Gradient Evaluation Tool
1.5. Guidelines for Choosing Optimization Variables
1.5.1. Choosing Design Variables
1.5.2. Choosing State Variables
1.5.3. Choosing the Objective Function
1.6. Hints for Performing Design Optimization
1.6.1. Generating the Analysis File
1.6.2. Fixing Design Variable Values After Execution
1.6.3. Modifying the Optimization Variables After Execution
1.6.4. Local Versus Global Minimum
1.6.5. Minimum Weight Versus Minimum Volume
1.6.6. Mesh Density
1.6.7. Using Substructures
1.7. Sample Optimization Analysis
1.7.1. Problem Description
1.7.2. Problem Specifications
1.7.3. Using a Batch File for the Analysis
1.7.4. Using the GUI for the Analysis
1.7.5. Where to Find Other Examples
2. Topological Optimization
2.1. Understanding Topological Optimization
2.2. Employing Topological Optimization
2.2.1. Define the Structural Problem
2.2.2. Select the Element Types
2.2.3. Specify Optimized and Non-Optimized Regions
2.2.4. Define and Control Your Load Cases or Frequency Extraction
2.2.5. Define and Control the Optimization Process
2.2.6. Review the Results
2.3. A 2-D Multiple-Load Case Optimization Example
2.3.1. Problem Description - First Scenario
2.3.2. Problem Results -- First Scenario
2.3.3. Problem Description -- Second Scenario
2.3.4. Problem Results - Second Scenario
2.4. A 2-D Natural Frequency Maximization Example
2.4.1. Problem Description
2.4.2. Problem Results
2.5. Hints and Comments
2.6. Limitations
3. Probabilistic Design
3.1. Understanding Probabilistic Design
3.1.1. Traditional (Deterministic) vs. Probabilistic Design Analysis Methods
3.1.2. Reliability and Quality Issues
3.2. Probabilistic Design Terminology
3.3. Employing Probabilistic Design
3.3.1. Create the Analysis File
3.3.2. Establish Parameters for Probabilistic Design Analysis
3.3.3. Enter the PDS and Specify the Analysis File
3.3.4. Declare Random Input Variables
3.3.5. Visualize Random Input Variables
3.3.6. Specify Correlations Between Random Variables
3.3.7. Specify Random Output Parameters
3.3.8. Choose a Probabilistic Design Method
3.3.9. Execute Probabilistic Analysis Simulation Loops
3.3.10. Fit and Use Response Surfaces
3.3.11. Review Results Data
3.4. Guidelines for Selecting Probabilistic Design Variables
3.4.1. Choosing and Defining Random Input Variables
3.4.2. Choosing Random Output Parameters
3.5. Probabilistic Design Techniques
3.5.1. Monte Carlo Simulations
3.5.2. Response Surface Analysis Methods
3.6. Postprocessing Probabilistic Analysis Results
3.6.1. Statistical Post-Processing
3.6.2. Trend Postprocessing
3.6.3. Generating an HTML Report
3.7. Multiple Probabilistic Design Executions
3.7.1. Saving the Probabilistic Design Database
3.7.2. Restarting a Probabilistic Design Analysis
3.7.3. Clearing the Probabilistic Design Database
3.8. Sample Probabilistic Design Analysis
3.8.1. Problem Description
3.8.2. Problem Specifications
3.8.3. Using a Batch File for the Analysis
3.8.4. Using the GUI for the PDS Analysis
4. Variational Technology
4.1. Understanding Variational Technology for Parametric Studies
4.2. ANSYS DesignXplorer
4.2.1. What is ANSYS DesignXplorer
4.2.2. Systems Support
4.2.3. Basic Operation
4.2.4. Element Support
4.2.5. Limitations
4.2.6. Complete Discrete Analysis Example
4.2.7. Shell Thickness Example
4.2.8. ANSYS Mesh Morpher Example
4.2.9. Troubleshooting
4.3. Harmonic Sweep Using VT Accelerator
4.3.1. Elements Supporting Frequency-Dependent Property Structural Elements
4.3.2. Harmonic Sweep for High-Frequency Electromagnetic Problems
4.3.3. Harmonic Sweep for Structural Analysis with Frequency-Dependent Material Properties
4.3.4. Limitations
5. Adaptive Meshing
5.1. Prerequisites for Adaptive Meshing
5.2. Employing Adaptive Meshing
5.3. Modifying the Adaptive Meshing Process
5.3.1. Selective Adaptivity
5.3.2. Customizing the ADAPT Macro with User Subroutines
5.3.3. Customizing the ADAPT Macro (UADAPT.MAC)
5.4. Adaptive Meshing Hints and Comments
5.5. Where to Find Examples
6. Manual Rezoning
6.1. When to Use Rezoning
6.2. Rezoning Requirements
6.3. The Rezoning Process
6.4. Selecting the Substep to Initiate Rezoning
6.5. Remeshing
6.5.1. Selecting a Region to Remesh
6.5.2. Mesh Control
6.5.3. Contact Boundaries, Loads, and Boundary Conditions
6.6. Mapping Variables and Balancing Residuals
6.6.1. Mapping Solution Variables
6.6.2. Balancing Residual Forces
6.6.3. Continuing the Solution
6.6.4. Interpreting Mapped Results
6.6.5. Handling Convergence Difficulties
6.7. Repeating the Rezoning Process if Necessary
6.7.1. File Structures for Repeated Rezonings
6.8. Multiframe Restart After Rezoning
6.9. Postprocessing Rezoning Results
6.9.1. The Database Postprocessor
6.9.2. The Time-History Postprocessor
6.10. Rezoning Limitations and Restrictions
6.10.1. Rezoning Restrictions
6.11. Rezoning Example
6.11.1. Initial Input for the Analysis
6.11.2. Rezoning Input for the Analysis
7. Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
7.1. Understanding Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
7.1.1. How ANSYS Automates a Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
7.1.2. Commands Used in a Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
7.2. Cyclic Modeling
7.2.1. The Basic Sector
7.2.2. Edge Component Pairs
7.2.3. Model Verification (Preprocessing)
7.3. Solving a Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
7.3.1. Understanding the Solution Architecture
7.3.2. Supported Analysis Types
7.3.3. Solving a Static Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
7.3.4. Solving a Modal Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
7.3.5. Solving a Linear Buckling Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
7.3.6. Solving a Magnetic Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
7.3.7. Database Considerations After Obtaining the Solution
7.3.8. Model Verification (Solution)
7.4. Postprocessing a Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
7.4.1. Real and Imaginary Solution Components
7.4.2. Expanding the Cyclic Symmetry Solution
7.4.3. Phase Sweep of Repeated Eigenvector Shapes
7.5. Sample Modal Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
7.5.1. Problem Description
7.5.2. Problem Specifications
7.5.3. Input File for the Analysis
7.5.4. Analysis Steps
7.6. Sample Buckling Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
7.6.1. Problem Description
7.6.2. Problem Specifications
7.6.3. Input File for the Analysis
7.6.4. Analysis Steps
7.6.5. Solve For Critical Strut Temperature at Load Factor = 1.0
7.7. Sample Magnetic Cyclic Symmetry Analysis
7.7.1. Problem Description
7.7.2. Problem Specifications
7.7.3. Input file for the Analysis
8. Rotating Structure Analysis
8.1. Understanding Rotating Structure Dynamics
8.2. Using a Stationary Reference Frame
8.2.1. Campbell Diagram
8.2.2. Harmonic Analysis for Unbalance or General Rotating Asynchronous Forces
8.2.3. Orbits
8.3. Using a Rotating Reference Frame
8.4. Choosing the Appropriate Reference Frame Option
8.5. Sample Campbell Diagram Analysis
8.5.1. Problem Description
8.5.2. Problem Specifications
8.5.3. Input for the Analysis
8.5.4. Analysis Steps
8.6. Sample Coriolis Analysis
8.6.1. Problem Description
8.6.2. Problem Specifications
8.6.3. Input for the Analysis
8.6.4. Analysis Steps
8.7. Sample Unbalance Harmonic Analysis
8.7.1. Problem Description
8.7.2. Problem Specifications
8.7.3. Input for the Analysis
8.7.4. Analysis Steps
9. Submodeling
9.1. Understanding Submodeling
9.2. Employing Submodeling
9.2.1. Create and Analyze the Coarse Model
9.2.2. Create the Submodel
9.2.3. Perform Cut-Boundary Interpolation
9.2.4. Analyze the Submodel
9.2.5. Verify the Distance Between the Cut Boundaries and the Stress Concentration
9.3. Sample Analysis Input
9.4. Shell-to-Solid Submodels
9.5. Where to Find Examples
10. Substructuring
10.1. Benefits of Substructuring
10.2. Using Substructuring
10.2.1. Generation Pass: Creating the Superelement
10.2.2. Use Pass: Using the Superelement
10.2.3. Expansion Pass: Expanding Results Within the Superelement
10.3. Sample Analysis Input
10.4. Top-Down Substructuring
10.5. Automatically Generating Superelements
10.6. Nested Superelements
10.7. Prestressed Substructures
10.7.1. Static Analysis Prestress
10.7.2. Substructuring Analysis Prestress
10.8. Where to Find Examples
11. Component Mode Synthesis
11.1. Understanding Component Mode Synthesis
11.1.1. CMS Methods Supported
11.1.2. Solvers Used in Component Mode Synthesis
11.2. Employing Component Mode Synthesis
11.2.1. The CMS Generation Pass: Creating the Superelement
11.2.2. The CMS Use and Expansion Passes
11.2.3. Superelement Expansion in Transformed Locations
11.2.4. Plotting or Printing Mode Shapes
11.3. Sample Component Mode Synthesis Analysis
11.3.1. Problem Description
11.3.2. Problem Specifications
11.3.3. Input for the Analysis: Fixed-Interface Method
11.3.4. Analysis Steps: Fixed-Interface Method
11.3.5. Input for the Analysis: Free-Interface Method
11.3.6. Analysis Steps: Free-Interface Method
11.3.7. Input for the Analysis: Residual-Flexible Free-Interface Method
11.3.8. Analysis Steps: Residual-Flexible Free-Interface Method
11.3.9. Example: Superelement Expansion in a Transformed Location
12. Rigid Body Dynamics and the ANSYS-ADAMS Interface
12.1. Understanding the ANSYS-ADAMS Interface
12.2. Building the Model
12.3. Modeling Interface Points
12.4. Exporting to ADAMS
12.4.1. Exporting to ADAMS via Batch Mode
12.4.2. Verifying the Results
12.5. Running the ADAMS Simulation
12.6. Transferring Loads from ADAMS to ANSYS
12.6.1. Transferring Loads on a Rigid Body
12.6.2. Transferring the Loads of a Flexible Body
12.7. Methodology Behind the ANSYS-ADAMS Interface
12.7.1. The Modal Neutral File
12.7.2. Adding Weak Springs
12.8. Sample Rigid Body Dynamic Analysis
12.8.1. Problem Description
12.8.2. Problem Specifications
12.8.3. Command Input
13. Element Birth and Death
13.1. Elements Supporting Birth and Death
13.2. Understanding Element Birth and Death
13.3. Element Birth and Death Usage Hints
13.3.1. Changing Material Properties
13.4. Employing Birth and Death
13.4.1. Build the Model
13.4.2. Apply Loads and Obtain the Solution
13.4.3. Review the Results
13.4.4. Use ANSYS Results to Control Birth and Death
13.5. Where to Find Examples
14. User-Programmable Features and Nonstandard Uses
14.1. User-Programmable Features (UPFs)
14.1.1. Understanding UPFs
14.1.2. Types of UPFs Available
14.2. Nonstandard Uses of the ANSYS Program
14.2.1. What Are Nonstandard Uses?
14.2.2. Hints for Nonstandard Use of ANSYS
15. Using Shared-Memory ANSYS
15.1. Parallel Processing Methods Available in ANSYS
15.2. Activating Parallel Processing in a Shared-Memory Architecture
15.2.1. System-Specific Considerations
Modeling and Meshing Guide
1. Understanding Model Generation
1.1. What Is Model Generation?
1.2. Typical Steps Involved in Model Generation Within ANSYS
1.2.1. Comparing Solid Modeling and Direct Generation
1.3. Importing Solid Models Created in CAD systems
2. Planning Your Approach
2.1. Choosing a Model Type (2-D, 3-D, etc.)
2.2. Choosing Between Linear and Higher Order Elements
2.2.1. Linear Elements (No Midside Nodes)
2.2.2. Quadratic Elements (Midside Nodes)
2.3. Limitations on Joining Different Elements
2.4. Finding Ways to Take Advantage of Symmetry
2.4.1. Some Comments on Axisymmetric Structures
2.5. Determining How Much Detail to Include
2.6. Determining the Appropriate Mesh Density
3. Coordinate Systems
3.1. Global and Local Coordinate Systems
3.1.1. Global Coordinate Systems
3.1.2. Local Coordinate Systems
3.1.3. The Active Coordinate System
3.1.4. Surfaces
3.1.5. Closed Surfaces and Surface Singularities
3.2. Display Coordinate System
3.3. Nodal Coordinate Systems
3.3.1. Data Interpreted in the Nodal Coordinate System
3.4. Element Coordinate Systems
3.5. The Results Coordinate System
4. Using Working Planes
4.1. Creating a Working Plane
4.1.1. Defining a New Working Plane
4.1.2. Controlling the Display and Style of the Working Plane
4.1.3. Moving the Working Plane
4.1.4. Rotating the Working Plane
4.1.5. Recreating a Previously-defined Working Plane
4.2. Working Plane Enhancements
4.2.1. Snap Increment
4.2.2. Display Grid
4.2.3. Retrieval Tolerance
4.2.4. Coordinate Type
4.2.5. Working Plane Tracking
5. Solid Modeling
5.1. An Overview of Solid Modeling Operations
5.2. Creating Your Solid Model from the Bottom Up
5.2.1. Keypoints
5.2.2. Hard Points
5.2.3. Lines
5.2.4. Areas
5.2.5. Volumes
5.3. Creating Your Solid Model from the Top Down: Primitives
5.3.1. Creating Area Primitives
5.3.2. Creating Volume Primitives
5.4. Sculpting Your Model with Boolean Operations
5.4.1. Boolean Operation Settings
5.4.2. Entity Numbering After Boolean Operations
5.4.3. Intersect
5.4.4. Pairwise Intersect
5.4.5. Add
5.4.6. Subtract
5.4.7. Working Plane Subtract
5.4.8. Classify
5.4.9. Overlap
5.4.10. Partition
5.4.11. Glue (or Merge)
5.4.12. Alternatives to Boolean Operations
5.5. Updating after Boolean Operations
5.6. Moving and Copying Solid Model Entities
5.6.1. Generating Entities from a Pattern
5.6.2. Generating Entities by Symmetry Reflection
5.6.3. Transferring a Pattern of Entities to a Coordinate System
5.7. Scaling Solid Model Entities
5.8. Solid Model Loads
5.8.1. Transferring Solid Model Loads
5.8.2. Displaying Load Symbols
5.8.3. Turning Off Large Symbols for Node and Keypoint Locations
5.8.4. Selecting a Format for the Graphical Display of Numbers
5.8.5. Listing Solid Model Loads
5.9. Mass and Inertia Calculations
5.10. Considerations and Cautions for Solid Modeling
5.10.1. Representation of Solid Model Entities
5.10.2. When a Boolean Operation Fails
5.10.3. Graphically Identifying Degeneracies
5.10.4. Listing the Keypoints Associated with Degeneracies
5.10.5. Some Suggested Corrective Actions
5.10.6. Other Hints
6. Importing Solid Models from IGES Files
6.1. Working With IGES Files
6.1.1. Using the SMOOTH Option
6.1.2. Using the FACETED Option
7. Generating the Mesh
7.1. Free or Mapped Mesh
7.2. Setting Element Attributes
7.2.1. Creating Tables of Element Attributes
7.2.2. Assigning Element Attributes Before Meshing
7.3. Mesh Controls
7.3.1. The ANSYS MeshTool
7.3.2. Element Shape
7.3.3. Choosing Free or Mapped Meshing
7.3.4. Controlling Placement of Midside Nodes
7.3.5. Smart Element Sizing for Free Meshing
7.3.6. Default Element Sizes for Mapped Meshing
7.3.7. Local Mesh Controls
7.3.8. Interior Mesh Controls
7.3.9. Creating Transitional Pyramid Elements
7.3.10. Converting Degenerate Tetrahedral Elements to Their Non-degenerate Forms
7.3.11. Doing Layer Meshing
7.3.12. Setting Layer Meshing Controls via the GUI
7.3.13. Setting Layer Meshing Controls via Commands
7.3.14. Listing Layer Mesh Specifications on Lines
7.4. Controls Used for Free and Mapped Meshing
7.4.1. Free Meshing
7.4.2. Mapped Meshing
7.5. Meshing Your Solid Model
7.5.1. Generating the Mesh Using xMESH Commands
7.5.2. Generating a Beam Mesh With Orientation Nodes
7.5.3. Generating a Volume Mesh From Facets
7.5.4. Additional Considerations for Using xMESH Commands
7.5.5. Generating a Volume Mesh By Sweeping
7.5.6. Generating an Interface Mesh for Gasket Simulations
7.5.7. Aborting a Mesh Operation
7.5.8. Element Shape Checking
7.5.9. Mesh Validity Checking
7.6. Changing the Mesh
7.6.1. Remeshing the Model
7.6.2. Using the Mesh Accept/Reject Prompt
7.6.3. Clearing the Mesh
7.6.4. Refining the Mesh Locally
7.6.5. Improving the Mesh (Tetrahedral Element Meshes Only)
7.7. Meshing Hints
7.8. Using CPCYC and MSHCOPY Commands
7.8.1. CPCYC Example
7.8.2. CPCYC Results
7.8.3. MSHCOPY Example
7.8.4. Low Sector Boundary
7.8.5. Area Elements from MSHCOPY and AMESH
7.8.6. Meshing the Sector Volume(s)
8. Revising Your Model
8.1. Refining a Mesh Locally
8.1.1. How to Refine a Mesh
8.1.2. Refinement Commands and Menu Paths
8.1.3. Transfer of Attributes and Loads
8.1.4. Other Characteristics of Mesh Refinement
8.1.5. Restrictions on Mesh Refinement
8.2. Moving and Copying Nodes and Elements
8.3. Keeping Track of Element Faces and Orientations
8.3.1. Controlling Area, Line, and Element Normals
8.4. Revising a Meshed Model: Clearing and Deleting
8.4.1. Clearing a Mesh
8.4.2. Deleting Solid Model Entities
8.4.3. Modifying Solid Model Entities
8.5. Understanding Solid Model Cross-Reference Checking
8.5.1. Circumventing Cross-Reference Checking (A Risky Activity)
9. Direct Generation
9.1. Nodes
9.1.1. Reading and Writing Text Files That Contain Nodal Data
9.2. Elements
9.2.1. Prerequisites for Defining Element Attributes
9.2.2. Defining Elements
9.2.3. Reading and Writing Text Files That Contain Element Data
9.2.4. A Note About Overlapping Elements
9.2.5. Modifying Elements By Changing Nodes
9.2.6. Modifying Elements By Changing Element Attributes
9.2.7. A Note About Adding and Deleting Midside Nodes
10. Piping Models
10.1. What the Piping Commands Can Do for You
10.2. Modeling Piping Systems with Piping Commands
10.2.1. Specify the Jobname and Title
10.2.2. Set Up the Basic Piping Data
10.2.3. Define the Piping System's Geometry
10.3. Sample Input
11. Number Control and Element Reordering
11.1. Number Control
11.1.1. Merging Coincident Items
11.1.2. Compressing Item Numbers
11.1.3. Setting Starting Numbers
11.1.4. Adding Number Offsets
11.2. Element Reordering
12. Coupling and Constraint Equations
12.1. What Is Coupling?
12.2. How to Create Coupled Degree of Freedom Sets
12.2.1. Creating and Modifying Coupled Sets at Specified Nodes
12.2.2. Coupling Coincident Nodes
12.2.3. Generating More Coupled Sets
12.2.4. Listing and Deleting Coupled Sets
12.3. Additional Considerations for Coupling
12.4. What Are Constraint Equations?
12.5. How to Create Constraint Equations
12.5.1. The Direct Method
12.5.2. Modifying Constraint Equations
12.5.3. Direct vs. Automatic Constraint Equation Generation
12.5.4. Listing and Deleting Constraint Equations
12.5.5. Program Modification of Constraint Equations
12.5.6. Troubleshooting Problems with Constraint Equations
12.6. Additional Considerations for Constraint Equations
13. Combining and Archiving Models
13.1. Combining Models
13.2. Archiving Models
13.2.1. Log File (File.LOG)
13.2.2. Database File (File.DB)
13.2.3. CDWRITE File(s)
14. Interfaces With Other Programs
14.1. Interfacing With Computer Aided Design (CAD) Products
14.2. Other Interfaces
Distributed ANSYS Guide
1. Overview of Distributed ANSYS
2. Configuring and Starting Distributed ANSYS
2.1. Prerequisites for Running Distributed ANSYS
2.1.1. MPI Software
2.1.2. ANSYS Software
2.2. Setting Up the Environment for Distributed ANSYS
2.2.1. Optional Setup Tasks
2.2.2. Using the mpitest Program
2.2.3. Interconnect Configuration
2.2.4. Other Considerations
2.3. Starting Distributed ANSYS
2.3.1. Starting Distributed ANSYS via the Launcher
2.3.2. Starting Distributed ANSYS via Command Line
2.3.3. Starting Distributed ANSYS via the Job Scheduler
2.3.4. Starting Distributed ANSYS via Remote Solve in ANSYS Workbench
2.3.5. Using MPI appfiles
2.3.6. Files that Distributed ANSYS Writes
3. Running Distributed ANSYS
3.1. Supported Analysis Types
3.2. Supported Features
3.3. Running a Distributed Analysis
3.4. Restarts in Distributed ANSYS
3.5. Understanding the Working Principles and Behavior of Distributed ANSYS
3.6. Example Problems
3.6.1. Example: Running Distributed ANSYS on Linux
3.6.2. Example: Running Distributed ANSYS on Windows
3.7. Troubleshooting
Structural Analysis Guide
1. Overview of Structural Analyses
1.1. Types of Structural Analysis
1.2. Elements Used in Structural Analyses
1.3. Material Model Interface
1.4. Solution Methods
2. Structural Static Analysis
2.1. Linear vs. Nonlinear Static Analyses
2.2. Performing a Static Analysis
2.2.1. Build the Model
2.2.2. Set Solution Controls
2.2.3. Set Additional Solution Options
2.2.4. Apply the Loads
2.2.5. Solve the Analysis
2.2.6. Review the Results
2.3. A Sample Static Analysis (GUI Method)
2.3.1. Problem Description
2.3.2. Problem Specifications
2.3.3. Problem Sketch
2.4. A Sample Static Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
2.5. Where to Find Other Examples
3. Modal Analysis
3.1. Uses for Modal Analysis
3.2. Process Involved in a Modal Analysis
3.3. Building the Model for a Modal Analysis
3.4. Applying Loads and Obtain the Solution
3.4.1. Enter the Solution Processor
3.4.2. Define Analysis Type and Options
3.4.3. Define Master Degrees of Freedom
3.4.4. Apply Loads
3.4.5. Specify Load Step Options
3.4.6. Participation Factor Table Output
3.4.7. Solve
3.4.8. Exit the Solution Processor
3.5. Expanding the Modes
3.5.1. File and Database Requirements
3.5.2. Expanding the Modes
3.6. Reviewing the Results
3.6.1. Points to Remember
3.6.2. Reviewing Results Data
3.6.3. Option: Listing All Frequencies
3.6.4. Option: Display Deformed Shape
3.6.5. Option: List Master DOF
3.6.6. Option: Line Element Results
3.6.7. Option: Contour Displays
3.6.8. Option: Tabular Listings
3.6.9. Other Capabilities
3.7. A Sample Modal Analysis (GUI Method)
3.7.1. Problem Description
3.7.2. Problem Specifications
3.7.3. Problem Sketch
3.8. A Sample Modal Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
3.9. Where to Find Other Examples
3.10. Prestressed Modal Analysis
3.11. Prestressed Modal Analysis of a Large-Deflection Solution
3.12. Prestressed Modal in a Brake Squeal Analysis
3.13. Comparing Mode-Extraction Methods
3.13.1. Block Lanczos Method
3.13.2. PCG Lanczos Method
3.13.3. Subspace Method
3.13.4. Reduced Method
3.13.5. Unsymmetric Method
3.13.6. Damped Method
3.13.7. QR Damped Method
3.14. Matrix Reduction
3.14.1. Theoretical Basis of Matrix Reduction
3.15. Residual Vector Method
3.15.1. Understanding the Residual Vector Method
3.15.2. Using the Residual Vector Method
4. Harmonic Response Analysis
4.1. Uses for Harmonic Response Analysis
4.2. Commands Used in a Harmonic Response Analysis
4.3. Three Solution Methods
4.3.1. The Full Method
4.3.2. The Reduced Method
4.3.3. The Mode Superposition Method
4.3.4. Restrictions Common to All Three Methods
4.4. Performing a Harmonic Response Analysis
4.4.1. Full Harmonic Response Analysis
4.4.2. Build the Model
4.4.3. Apply Loads and Obtain the Solution
4.4.4. Review the Results
4.5. Sample Harmonic Response Analysis (GUI Method)
4.5.1. Problem Description
4.5.2. Problem Specifications
4.5.3. Problem Diagram
4.6. Sample Harmonic Response Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
4.7. Where to Find Other Examples
4.8. Reduced Harmonic Response Analysis
4.8.1. Apply Loads and Obtain the Reduced Solution
4.8.2. Review the Results of the Reduced Solution
4.8.3. Expand the Solution (Expansion Pass)
4.8.4. Review the Results of the Expanded Solution
4.8.5. Sample Input
4.9. Mode Superposition Harmonic Response Analysis
4.9.1. Obtain the Modal Solution
4.9.2. Obtain the Mode Superposition Harmonic Solution
4.9.3. Expand the Mode Superposition Solution
4.9.4. Review the Results
4.9.5. Sample Input
4.10. Additional Harmonic Response Analysis Details
4.10.1. Prestressed Harmonic Response Analysis
5. Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.1. Preparing for a Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.2. Three Solution Methods
5.2.1. Full Method
5.2.2. Mode-Superposition Method
5.2.3. Reduced Method
5.3. Performing a Full Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.3.1. Build the Model
5.3.2. Establish Initial Conditions
5.3.3. Set Solution Controls
5.3.4. Set Additional Solution Options
5.3.5. Apply the Loads
5.3.6. Save the Load Configuration for the Current Load Step
5.3.7. Repeat Steps 3-6 for Each Load Step
5.3.8. Save a Backup Copy of the Database
5.3.9. Start the Transient Solution
5.3.10. Exit the Solution Processor
5.3.11. Review the Results
5.3.12. Sample Input for a Full Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.4. Performing a Mode-Superposition Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.4.1. Build the Model
5.4.2. Obtain the Modal Solution
5.4.3. Obtain the Mode-Superposition Transient Solution
5.4.4. Expand the Mode-Superposition Solution
5.4.5. Review the Results
5.4.6. Sample Input for a Mode-Superposition Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.5. Performing a Reduced Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.5.1. Obtain the Reduced Solution
5.5.2. Review the Results of the Reduced Solution
5.5.3. Expand the Solution (Expansion Pass)
5.5.4. Review the Results of the Expanded Solution
5.6. Sample Reduced Transient Dynamic Analysis (GUI Method)
5.6.1. Problem Description
5.6.2. Problem Specifications
5.6.3. Problem Sketch
5.6.4. Solve the Next Load Step
5.7. Sample Reduced Transient Dynamic Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
5.8. Performing a Prestressed Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.8.1. Prestressed Full Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.8.2. Prestressed Mode-Superposition Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.8.3. Prestressed Reduced Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.9. Transient Dynamic Analysis Options
5.9.1. Guidelines for Integration Time Step
5.9.2. Automatic Time Stepping
5.9.3. Damping
5.10. Where to Find Other Examples
6. Spectrum Analysis
6.1. Understanding Spectrum Analysis
6.1.1. Response Spectrum
6.1.2. Dynamic Design Analysis Method (DDAM)
6.1.3. Power Spectral Density
6.1.4. Deterministic vs. Probabilistic Analyses
6.2. Steps in a Single-Point Response Spectrum (SPRS) Analysis
6.2.1. Build the Model
6.2.2. Obtain the Modal Solution
6.2.3. Obtain the Spectrum Solution
6.2.4. Expand the Modes
6.2.5. Combine the Modes
6.2.6. Review the Results
6.3. Sample Spectrum Analysis (GUI Method)
6.3.1. Problem Description
6.3.2. Problem Specifications
6.3.3. Problem Sketch
6.3.4. Procedure
6.4. Sample Spectrum Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
6.5. Where to Find Other Examples
6.6. Performing a Random Vibration (PSD) Analysis
6.6.1. Expand the Modes
6.6.2. Obtain the Spectrum Solution
6.6.3. Combine the Modes
6.6.4. Review the Results
6.6.5. Sample Input
6.7. Performing a DDAM Spectrum Analysis
6.8. Performing a Multi-Point Response Spectrum (MPRS) Analysis
7. Buckling Analysis
7.1. Types of Buckling Analyses
7.1.1. Nonlinear Buckling Analysis
7.1.2. Eigenvalue Buckling Analysis
7.2. Commands Used in a Buckling Analysis
7.3. Performing a Nonlinear Buckling Analysis
7.3.1. Applying Load Increments
7.3.2. Automatic Time Stepping
7.3.3. Unconverged Solution
7.3.4. Hints and Tips for Performing a Nonlinear Buckling Analysis
7.4. Performing a Post-Buckling Analysis
7.5. Procedure for Eigenvalue Buckling Analysis
7.5.1. Build the Model
7.5.2. Obtain the Static Solution
7.5.3. Obtain the Eigenvalue Buckling Solution
7.5.4. Expand the Solution
7.5.5. Review the Results
7.6. Sample Buckling Analysis (GUI Method)
7.6.1. Problem Description
7.6.2. Problem Specifications
7.6.3. Problem Sketch
7.7. Sample Buckling Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
7.8. Where to Find Other Examples
8. Nonlinear Structural Analysis
8.1. Causes of Nonlinear Behavior
8.1.1. Changing Status (Including Contact)
8.1.2. Geometric Nonlinearities
8.1.3. Material Nonlinearities
8.2. Basic Information About Nonlinear Analyses
8.2.1. Conservative versus Nonconservative Behavior; Path Dependency
8.2.2. Substeps
8.2.3. Load Direction in a Large-Deflection Analysis
8.2.4. Rotations in a Large-Deflection Analysis
8.2.5. Nonlinear Transient Analyses
8.3. Using Geometric Nonlinearities
8.3.1. Stress-Strain
8.3.2. Stress Stiffening
8.3.3. Spin Softening
8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities
8.4.1. Nonlinear Materials
8.4.2. Material Model Combinations
8.5. Running a Nonlinear Analysis in ANSYS
8.6. Performing a Nonlinear Static Analysis
8.6.1. Build the Model
8.6.2. Set Solution Controls
8.6.3. Set Additional Solution Options
8.6.4. Apply the Loads
8.6.5. Solve the Analysis
8.6.6. Review the Results
8.6.7. Terminating a Running Job; Restarting
8.7. Performing a Nonlinear Transient Analysis
8.7.1. Build the Model
8.7.2. Apply Loads and Obtain the Solution
8.7.3. Review the Results
8.8. Sample Input for a Nonlinear Transient Analysis
8.9. Restarts
8.10. Using Nonlinear (Changing-Status) Elements
8.10.1. Element Birth and Death
8.11. Unstable Structures
8.11.1. Understanding Nonlinear Stabilization
8.11.2. Using the Arc-Length Method
8.11.3. Nonlinear Stabilization vs. the Arc-Length Method
8.12. Tips and Guidelines for Nonlinear Analysis
8.12.1. Starting Out with Nonlinear Analysis
8.12.2. Overcoming Convergence Problems
8.13. Sample Nonlinear Analysis (GUI Method)
8.13.1. Problem Description
8.13.2. Problem Specifications
8.13.3. Problem Sketch
8.14. Sample Nonlinear Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
8.15. Where to Find Other Examples
9. Material Curve Fitting
9.1. Applicable Material Behavior Types
9.2. Hyperelastic Material Curve Fitting
9.2.1. Using Curve Fitting to Determine Your Hyperelastic Material Behavior
9.3. Creep Material Curve Fitting
9.3.1. Using Curve Fitting to Determine Your Creep Material Behavior
9.3.2. Tips For Curve Fitting Creep Models
9.4. Viscoelastic Material Curve Fitting
9.4.1. Using Curve Fitting to Determine the Coefficients of Viscoelastic Material Model
10. Gasket Joints Simulation
10.1. Performing a Gasket Joint Analysis
10.2. Finite Element Formulation
10.2.1. Element Topologies
10.2.2. Thickness Direction
10.3. ANSYS Family of Interface Elements
10.3.1. Element Selection
10.3.2. Applications
10.4. Material Definition
10.4.1. Material Characteristics
10.4.2. Input Format
10.4.3. Temperature Dependencies
10.4.4. Plotting Gasket Data
10.5. Meshing Interface Elements
10.6. Solution Procedure and Result Output
10.6.1. Typical Gasket Solution Output Listing
10.7. Reviewing the Results
10.7.1. Points to Remember
10.7.2. Reviewing Results in POST1
10.7.3. Reviewing Results in POST26
10.8. Sample Gasket Element Verification Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
11. Interface Delamination and Failure Simulation
11.1. Modeling Interface Delamination with Interface Elements
11.1.1. Analyzing Interface Delamination
11.1.2. ANSYS Family of Interface Elements
11.1.3. Material Definition
11.1.4. Meshing and Boundary Conditions
11.1.5. Solution Procedure and Result Output
11.1.6. Reviewing the Results
11.2. Modeling Interface Delamination with Contact Elements
11.2.1. Analyzing Debonding
11.2.2. Contact Elements
11.2.3. Material Definition
11.2.4. Result Output
12. Fracture Mechanics
12.1. Introduction to Fracture
12.1.1. Fracture Modes
12.1.2. Fracture Mechanics Parameters
12.1.3. Crack Growth Simulation
12.2. Solving Fracture Mechanics Problems
12.2.1. Modeling the Crack Tip Region
12.2.2. Calculating Fracture Parameters
12.3. Numerical Evaluation of Fracture Mechanics Parameters
12.3.1. The J-Integral Calculation
12.3.2. Stress-Intensity Factors Calculation
12.4. Fracture Meshing
12.5. Setting Crack Tip Mesh Options (CTMOPT Macro)
12.6. Learning More About Fracture Mechanics
13. Composites
13.1. Modeling Composites
13.1.1. Selecting the Proper Element Type
13.1.2. Defining the Layered Configuration
13.1.3. Specifying Failure Criteria
13.1.4. Composite Modeling and Postprocessing Tips
13.2. The FiberSIM-ANSYS Interface
13.2.1. Understanding the FiberSIM XML File
13.2.2. Using FiberSIM Data in ANSYS
13.2.3. FiberSIM-to-ANSYS Translation Details
14. Fatigue
14.1. How ANSYS Calculates Fatigue
14.2. Fatigue Terminology
14.3. Evaluating Fatigue
14.3.1. Enter POST1 and Resume Your Database
14.3.2. Establish the Size, Fatigue Material Properties, and Locations
14.3.3. Store Stresses and Assign Event Repetitions and Scale Factors
14.3.4. Activate the Fatigue Calculations
14.3.5. Review the Results
14.3.6. Other Approaches to Range Counting
14.3.7. Sample Input
15. p-Method Structural Static Analysis
15.1. Benefits of the p-Method
15.2. Using the p-Method
15.2.1. Select the p-Method Procedure
15.2.2. Build the Model
15.2.3. Additional Information for Building Your Model
15.2.4. Apply Loads and Obtain the Solution
15.2.5. Helpful Hints for Common Problems
15.2.6. Review the Results
15.2.7. Querying Subgrid Results
15.2.8. Printing and Plotting Node and Element Results
15.3. Sample p-Method Analysis (GUI Method)
15.3.1. Problem Description
15.3.2. Problem Specifications
15.3.3. Problem Diagram
15.4. Sample p-Method Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
16. Beam Analysis and Cross Sections
16.1. Overview of Cross Sections
16.2. How to Create Cross Sections
16.2.1. Defining a Section and Associating a Section ID Number
16.2.2. Defining Cross Section Geometry and Setting the Section Attribute Pointer
16.2.3. Meshing a Line Model with BEAM44, BEAM188, or BEAM189 Elements
16.3. Creating Cross Sections
16.3.1. Using the Beam Tool to Create Common Cross Sections
16.3.2. Creating Custom Cross Sections with a User-defined Mesh
16.3.3. Creating Custom Cross Sections with Mesh Refinement and Multiple Materials
16.3.4. Defining Composite Cross Sections
16.3.5. Defining a Tapered Beam
16.4. Using Nonlinear General Beam Sections
16.4.1. Defining a Nonlinear General Beam Section
16.4.2. Considerations for Employing Nonlinear General Beam Sections
16.5. Managing Cross Section and User Mesh Libraries
16.6. Sample Lateral Torsional Buckling Analysis (GUI Method)
16.6.1. Problem Description
16.6.2. Problem Specifications
16.6.3. Problem Sketch
16.6.4. Eigenvalue Buckling and Nonlinear Collapse
16.6.5. Set the Analysis Title and Define Model Geometry
16.6.6. Define Element Type and Cross Section Information
16.6.7. Define the Material Properties and Orientation Node
16.6.8. Mesh the Line and Verify Beam Orientation
16.6.9. Define the Boundary Conditions
16.6.10. Solve the Eigenvalue Buckling Analysis
16.6.11. Solve the Nonlinear Buckling Analysis
16.6.12. Plot and Review the Results
16.6.13. Plot and Review the Section Results
16.7. Sample Problem with Cantilever Beams, Command Method
16.8. Where to Find Other Examples
17. Shell Analysis and Cross Sections
17.1. Understanding Cross Sections
17.2. How to Create Cross Sections
17.2.1. Defining a Section and Associating a Section ID Number
17.2.2. Defining Layer Data
17.2.3. Overriding Program Calculated Section Properties
17.2.4. Specifying a Shell Thickness Variation (Tapered Shells)
17.2.5. Setting the Section Attribute Pointer
17.2.6. Associating an Area with a Section
17.2.7. Using the Shell Tool to Create Sections
17.2.8. Managing Cross Section Libraries
17.3. Using Preintegrated General Shell Sections
17.3.1. Defining a Preintegrated Shell Section
17.3.2. Considerations for Employing Preintegrated Shell Sections
Contact Technology Guide
1. Contact Overview
1.1. General Contact Classification
1.2. ANSYS Contact Capabilities
1.2.1. Surface-to-Surface Contact Elements
1.2.2. Node-to-Surface Contact Elements
1.2.3. 3-D Line-to-Line Contact
1.2.4. Line-to-Surface Contact
1.2.5. Node-to-Node Contact Elements
2. GUI Aids for Contact Analyses
2.1. The Contact Manager
2.2. The Contact Wizard
2.3. Managing Contact Pairs
3. Surface-to-Surface Contact
3.1. Using Surface-to-Surface Contact Elements
3.2. Steps in a Contact Analysis
3.3. Creating the Model Geometry and Mesh
3.4. Identifying Contact Pairs
3.5. Designating Contact and Target Surfaces
3.5.1. Asymmetric Contact vs. Symmetric Contact
3.6. Defining the Target Surface
3.6.1. Pilot Nodes
3.6.2. Primitives
3.6.3. Element Types and Real Constants
3.6.4. Using Direct Generation to Create Rigid Target Elements
3.6.5. Using ANSYS Meshing Tools to Create Rigid Target Elements
3.7. Defining the Deformable Contact Surface
3.7.1. Element Type
3.7.2. Real Constants and Material Properties
3.7.3. Generating Contact Elements
3.8. Set the Real Constants and Element KEYOPTS
3.8.1. Real Constants
3.8.2. Element KEYOPTS
3.8.3. Selecting a Contact Algorithm (KEYOPT(2))
3.8.4. Determining Contact Stiffness and Allowable Penetration
3.8.5. Choosing a Friction Model
3.8.6. Selecting Location of Contact Detection
3.8.7. Adjusting Initial Contact Conditions
3.8.8. Physically Moving Contact Nodes Towards the Target Surface
3.8.9. Determining Contact Status and the Pinball Region
3.8.10. Avoiding Spurious Contact in Self Contact Problems
3.8.11. Selecting Surface Interaction Models
3.8.12. Modeling Contact with Superelements
3.8.13. Accounting for Thickness Effect
3.8.14. Using Time Step Control
3.8.15. Using the Birth and Death Option
3.9. Controlling the Motion of the Rigid Target Surface (Rigid-to-Flexible Contact)
3.10. Applying Necessary Boundary Conditions to the Deformable Elements
3.11. Defining Solution and Load Step Options
3.12. Solving the Problem
3.13. Reviewing the Results
3.13.1. Points to Remember
3.13.2. Reviewing Results in POST1
3.13.3. Reviewing Results in POST26
4. Node-to-Surface Contact
4.1. The Node-to-Surface Contact Element
4.2. Performing a Node-to-Surface Contact Analysis
4.2.1. CONTA175 KEYOPTS
4.2.2. CONTA175 Real Constants
4.3. Using CONTA175 for Multiphysics Contact
5. 3-D Beam-to-Beam Contact
5.1. The 3-D Line-to-Line Contact Element
5.2. Modeling Beam-to-Beam Contact
5.3. Performing a 3-D Beam-to-Beam Contact Analysis
5.3.1. KEYOPTs and Real Constants
6. Line-to-Surface Contact
6.1. The 3-D Line-to-Surface Contact Element
6.2. Performing a 3-D Line-to-Surface Contact Analysis
6.2.1. KEYOPTs and Real Constants
7. Multiphysics Contact
7.1. Modeling Thermal Contact
7.1.1. Thermal Contact Behavior vs. Contact Status
7.1.2. Free Thermal Surface
7.1.3. Temperature on Target Surface
7.1.4. Modeling Conduction
7.1.5. Modeling Convection
7.1.6. Modeling Radiation
7.1.7. Modeling Heat Generation Due to Friction
7.1.8. Modeling External Heat Flux
7.2. Modeling Electric Contact
7.2.1. Modeling Surface Interaction
7.2.2. Modeling Heat Generation Due to Electric Current
7.3. Modeling Magnetic Contact
7.3.1. Using MCC
7.3.2. Modeling Perfect Magnetic Contact
8. Node-to-Node Contact
8.1. Node-to-Node Contact Elements
8.2. Performing a Node-to-Node Contact Analysis
8.2.1. Creating Geometry and Meshing the Model
8.2.2. Generating Contact Elements
8.2.3. Defining the Contact Normal
8.2.4. Defining the Initial Interference or Gap
8.2.5. Selecting the Contact Algorithm
8.2.6. Applying Necessary Boundary Conditions
8.2.7. Defining the Solution Options
8.2.8. Solving the Problem
8.2.9. Reviewing the Results
9. Multipoint Constraints and Assemblies
9.1. Modeling Solid-Solid and Shell-Shell Assemblies
9.2. Modeling a Shell-Solid Assembly
9.3. Surface-Based Constraints
9.3.1. Defining Surface-Based Constraints
9.3.2. Defining Influence Range (PINB)
9.3.3. Degrees of Freedom of Surface-Based Constraints
9.3.4. Specifying a Local Coordinate System
9.3.5. Additional Guidelines for a Force-Distributed Constraint
9.3.6. Additional Guidelines for A Rigid Surface Constraint
9.3.7. Modeling a Beam-Solid Assembly
9.3.8. Modeling Rigid Bodies
9.4. Restrictions and Recommendations for Internal MPC
10. Spot Welds
10.1. Defining a Spot Weld Set
10.1.1. Creating a Basic Spot Weld Set with SWGEN
10.1.2. The Components of a Spot Weld
10.1.3. Adding Surfaces to a Basic Set
10.2. Listing and Deleting Spot Welds
11. Debonding
11.1. Including Debonding in a Contact Analysis
11.1.1. Cohesive Zone Materials Used for Debonding
11.1.2. Debonding Modes
11.1.3. Other Considerations for Debonding
11.1.4. Postprocessing
Multibody Analysis Guide
1. Introduction to Multibody Simulation
1.1. Benefits of the Finite Element Method for Modeling Multibody Systems
1.2. Overview of the ANSYS Multibody Analysis Process
1.3. The ANSYS-ADAMS Interface
1.4. Learning More About Multibody Dynamics
2. Modeling in a Multibody Simulation
2.1. Modeling Flexible Bodies in a Multibody Analysis
2.1.1. Element Choices for Flexible Bodies
2.2. Modeling Rigid Bodies in a Multibody Analysis
2.2.1. Defining a Rigid Body
2.2.2. Contact Element Choices for Defining a Rigid Body
2.2.3. Rigid Body Degrees of Freedom
2.2.4. Rigid Body Boundary Conditions
2.2.5. Representing Parts of a Complex Model with Rigid Bodies
2.2.6. Connecting Joint Elements to Rigid Bodies
2.2.7. Modeling Contact with Rigid Bodies
2.3. Connecting Multibody Components with Joint Elements
2.3.1. Joint Element Types
2.3.2. Material Behavior of Joint Elements
2.3.3. Reference Lengths and Angles for Joint Elements
2.3.4. Boundary Conditions for Joint Elements
2.3.5. Connecting Bodies to Joints
3. Performing a Multibody Analysis
3.1. Kinematic Constraints
3.2. Convergence Criteria
3.3. Initial Conditions
3.3.1. Apply Linear Acceleration in a Dummy Transient Analysis
3.3.2. Apply Large Numerical Damping Over a Short Interval
3.4. Damping
3.4.1. Numerical Damping
3.4.2. Structural Damping
3.5. Time-Step Settings
3.6. Solver Options
4. Reviewing Multibody Analysis Results
4.1. Reviewing Results in POST1
4.2. Reviewing Results in POST26
4.3. Output of Joint Element Quantities
4.4. Energy Output
5. Using Component Mode Synthesis Superelements in a Multibody Analysis
5.1. Applicability of CMS Superelements in a Multibody Analysis
5.2. Flexible Body Types
5.3. Substructuring Overview
5.4. Master Degrees of Freedom in a Substructured Multibody Simulation
5.5. Steps for Performing a Substructured Multibody Simulation
5.5.1. Step 1: Prepare the Full Model for a Substructured Multibody Analysis
5.5.2. Step 2: Create the Substructures (Generation Pass)
5.5.3. Step 3: Build the CMS-based Model (Use Pass)
5.5.4. Step 4: Run the Multibody Analysis
5.5.5. Step 5: Expand all Solutions (Expansion Pass)
5.5.6. Step 6: Create the Merged Results File
5.5.7. Step 7: Postprocess the Results
6. Example Multibody Analysis: Crank Slot Mechanism
6.1. Problem Description
6.2. Problem Specifications
6.3. Defining Joints
6.4. Performing the Rigid Body Analysis
6.5. Performing the Flexible Body Analysis
6.6. Using Component Mode Synthesis in the Multibody Analysis
6.7. Using Joint Probes
6.8. Comparing Processing Times
6.9. Input Files Used in This Analysis
7. Troubleshooting a Flexible Multibody Analysis
7.1. Addressing Overconstraint Issues During Modeling
7.1.1. Overconstraints in Rigid Bodies
7.1.2. Overconstraints Caused by User-Defined Constraint Equations
7.2. Resolving Overconstraint Problems
Thermal Analysis Guide
1. Analyzing Thermal Phenomena
1.1. How ANSYS Treats Thermal Modeling
1.1.1. Convection
1.1.2. Radiation
1.1.3. Special Effects
1.1.4. Far-Field Elements
1.2. Types of Thermal Analysis
1.3. Coupled-Field Analyses
1.4. About GUI Paths and Command Syntax
2. Steady-State Thermal Analysis
2.1. Available Elements for Thermal Analysis
2.2. Commands Used in Thermal Analyses
2.3. Tasks in a Thermal Analysis
2.4. Building the Model
2.4.1. Using the Surface Effect Elements
2.4.2. Creating Model Geometry
2.5. Applying Loads and Obtaining the Solution
2.5.1. Defining the Analysis Type
2.5.2. Applying Loads
2.5.3. Using Table and Function Boundary Conditions
2.5.4. Specifying Load Step Options
2.5.5. General Options
2.5.6. Nonlinear Options
2.5.7. Output Controls
2.5.8. Defining Analysis Options
2.5.9. Saving the Model
2.5.10. Solving the Model
2.6. Reviewing Analysis Results
2.6.1. Primary data
2.6.2. Derived data
2.6.3. Reading In Results
2.6.4. Reviewing Results
2.7. Example of a Steady-State Thermal Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
2.7.1. The Example Described
2.7.2. The Analysis Approach
2.7.3. Commands for Building and Solving the Model
2.8. Performing a Steady-State Thermal Analysis (GUI Method)
2.9. Performing a Thermal Analysis Using Tabular Boundary Conditions
2.9.1. Running the Sample Problem via Commands
2.9.2. Running the Sample Problem Interactively
2.10. Where to Find Other Examples of Thermal Analysis
3. Transient Thermal Analysis
3.1. Elements and Commands Used in Transient Thermal Analysis
3.2. Tasks in a Transient Thermal Analysis
3.3. Building the Model
3.4. Applying Loads and Obtaining a Solution
3.4.1. Defining the Analysis Type
3.4.2. Establishing Initial Conditions for Your Analysis
3.4.3. Specifying Load Step Options
3.4.4. Nonlinear Options
3.4.5. Output Controls
3.5. Saving the Model
3.5.1. Solving the Model
3.6. Reviewing Analysis Results
3.6.1. How to Review Results
3.6.2. Reviewing Results with the General Postprocessor
3.6.3. Reviewing Results with the Time History Postprocessor
3.7. Reviewing Results as Graphics or Tables
3.7.1. Reviewing Contour Displays
3.7.2. Reviewing Vector Displays
3.7.3. Reviewing Table Listings
3.8. Phase Change
3.9. Example of a Transient Thermal Analysis
3.9.1. The Example Described
3.9.2. Example Material Property Values
3.9.3. Example of a Transient Thermal Analysis (GUI Method)
3.9.4. Commands for Building and Solving the Model
3.10. Where to Find Other Examples of Transient Thermal Analysis
4. Radiation
4.1. Analyzing Radiation Problems
4.2. Definitions
4.3. Using LINK31, the Radiation Link Element
4.4. Modeling Radiation Between a Surface and a Point
4.5. Using the AUX12 Radiation Matrix Method
4.5.1. Procedure
4.5.2. Recommendations for Using Space Nodes
4.5.3. General Guidelines for the AUX12 Radiation Matrix Method
4.6. Using the Radiosity Solver Method
4.6.1. Procedure
4.6.2. Further Options for Static Analysis
4.7. Advanced Radiosity Options
4.8. Example of a 2-D Radiation Analysis Using the Radiosity Method (Command Method)
4.8.1. The Example Described
4.8.2. Commands for Building and Solving the Model
4.9. Example of a 2-D Radiation Analysis Using the Radiosity Method with Decimation and Symmetry (Command Method)
4.9.1. The Example Described
4.9.2. Commands for Building and Solving the Model
Fluids Analysis Guide
I. CFD
1. Overview of FLOTRAN CFD Analyses
1.1. Types of FLOTRAN Analyses
1.1.1. Laminar Flow Analysis
1.1.2. Turbulent Flow Analysis
1.1.3. Thermal Analysis
1.1.4. Compressible Flow Analysis
1.1.5. Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow Analysis
1.1.6. Multiple Species Transport Analysis
1.1.7. Free Surface Analysis
1.2. About GUI Paths and Command Syntax
2. The Basics of FLOTRAN Analysis
2.1. Characteristics of the FLOTRAN Elements
2.1.1. Other Element Features
2.2. Considerations and Restrictions for Using the FLOTRAN Elements
2.2.1. Limitations on FLOTRAN Element Use
2.3. Overview of a FLOTRAN Analysis
2.3.1. Determining the Problem Domain
2.3.2. Determining the Flow Regime
2.3.3. Creating the Finite Element Mesh
2.3.4. Applying Boundary Conditions
2.3.5. Setting FLOTRAN Analysis Parameters
2.3.6. Solving the Problem
2.3.7. Examining the Results
2.4. Files the FLOTRAN Elements Create
2.4.1. The Results File
2.4.2. The Print File (Jobname.PFL)
2.4.3. The Nodal Residuals File
2.4.4. The Restart File
2.4.5. The Domain File
2.4.6. Restarting a FLOTRAN Analysis
2.5. Convergence and Stability Tools
2.5.1. Relaxation Factors
2.5.2. Inertial Relaxation
2.5.3. Modified Inertial Relaxation
2.5.4. Artificial Viscosity
2.5.5. DOF Capping
2.5.6. The Quadrature Order
2.6. What to Watch For During a FLOTRAN Analysis
2.6.1. Deciding How Many Global Iterations to Use
2.6.2. Convergence Monitors
2.6.3. Stopping a FLOTRAN Analysis
2.6.4. Pressure Results
2.7. Evaluating a FLOTRAN Analysis
2.8. Verifying Results
3. FLOTRAN Laminar and Turbulent Incompressible Flow
3.1. Activating the Turbulence Model
3.1.1. The Role of the Reynolds Number
3.1.2. Determining Whether an Analysis Is Turbulent
3.1.3. Turbulence Ratio and Inlet Parameters
3.1.4. Turbulence Models
3.2. Meshing Requirements
3.3. Flow Boundary Conditions
3.4. Strategies for Difficult Problems
3.5. Example of a Laminar and Turbulent FLOTRAN Analysis
4. FLOTRAN Thermal Analyses
4.1. Meshing Requirements
4.2. Property Specifications and Control
4.3. Thermal Loads and Boundary Conditions
4.3.1. Applying Loads
4.4. Solution Strategies
4.4.1. Constant Fluid Properties
4.4.2. Forced Convection, Temperature Dependent Properties
4.4.3. Free Convection, Temperature Dependent Properties
4.4.4. Conjugate Heat Transfer
4.5. Heat Balance
4.6. Surface-to-Surface Radiation Analysis Using the Radiosity Method
4.6.1. Procedure
4.6.2. Heat Balances
4.7. Examples of a Laminar, Thermal, Steady-State FLOTRAN Analysis
4.7.1. The Example Described
4.7.2. Doing the Buoyancy Driven Flow Analysis (GUI Method)
4.7.3. Doing the Buoyancy Driven Flow Analysis (Command Method)
4.8. Example of Radiation Analysis Using FLOTRAN (Command Method)
4.9. Where to Find Other FLOTRAN Analysis Examples
5. FLOTRAN Transient Analyses
5.1. Time Integration Method
5.2. Time Step Specification and Convergence
5.3. Terminating and Getting Output from a Transient Analysis
5.4. Applying Transient Boundary Conditions
6. Volume of Fluid (VOF) Analyses
6.1. VFRC Loads
6.1.1. Initial VFRC Loads
6.1.2. Boundary VFRC Loads
6.2. Input Settings
6.2.1. Ambient Conditions
6.2.2. VFRC Tolerances
6.2.3. VOF Time Steps
6.3. Postprocessing
6.4. VOF Analysis of a Dam
6.4.1. The Problem Described
6.4.2. Building and Solving the Model (Command Method)
6.5. VOF Analysis of Open Channel with an Obstruction
6.5.1. The Problem Described
6.5.2. Building and Solving the Model (Command Method)
6.6. VOF Analysis of an Oscillating Droplet
6.6.1. The Problem Described
6.6.2. Results
6.6.3. Building and Solving the Model (Command Method)
6.6.4. Where to Find Other Examples
7. Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) Formulation for Moving Domains
7.1. Boundary Conditions
7.2. Mesh Updating
7.3. Remeshing
7.4. Postprocessing
7.5. ALE Analysis of a Simplified Torsional Mirror
7.5.1. The Problem Described
7.5.2. Boundary Conditions
7.5.3. Forces and Moments
7.5.4. Building and Solving the Model (Command Method)
7.6. ALE/VOF Analysis of a Vessel with a Moving Wall
7.6.1. The Problem Described
7.6.2. Results
7.6.3. Building and Solving the Model (Command Method)
7.7. ALE Analysis of a Moving Cylinder
7.7.1. The Problem Described
7.7.2. Results
7.7.3. Building and Solving the Model (Command Method)
8. FLOTRAN Compressible Analyses
8.1. Property Calculations
8.2. Boundary Conditions
8.3. Structured vs. Unstructured Mesh
8.4. Solution Strategies
8.4.1. Inertial Relaxation
8.5. Example of a Compressible Flow Analysis
8.5.1. The Example Described
8.6. Doing the Example Compressible Flow Analysis (GUI Method)
8.7. Doing the Example Compressible Flow Analysis (Command Method)
9. Specifying Fluid Properties for FLOTRAN
9.1. Fluid Property Types
9.1.1. Property Types for Specific Heat
9.1.2. Property Types for Density and Thermal Conductivity
9.1.3. Property Types for Viscosity
9.1.4. Property Types for Surface Tension Coefficient
9.1.5. Property Types for Wall Static Contact Angle
9.1.6. General Guidelines for Setting Property Types
9.1.7. Density
9.1.8. Viscosity
9.1.9. Specific Heat
9.1.10. Thermal Conductivity
9.1.11. Surface Tension Coefficient
9.1.12. Wall Static Contact Angle
9.2. Initializing and Varying Properties
9.2.1. Activating Variable Properties
9.3. Modifying the Fluid Property Database
9.4. Using Reference Properties
9.5. Using the ANSYS Non-Newtonian Flow Capabilities
9.5.1. Activating the Power Law Model
9.5.2. Activating the Carreau Model
9.5.3. Activating the Bingham Model
9.6. Using User-Programmable Subroutines
10. FLOTRAN Special Features
10.1. Coordinate Systems
10.2. Rotating Frames of Reference
10.3. Swirl
10.4. Distributed Resistance/Source
11. FLOTRAN CFD Solvers and the Matrix Equation
11.1. Tri-Diagonal Matrix Algorithm
11.2. Semi-Direct Solvers
11.2.1. Preconditioned Generalized Minimum Residual (PGMR) Solver
11.2.2. Preconditioned BiCGStab (PBCGM) Solver
11.3. Sparse Direct Method
12. Coupling Algorithms
12.1. Algorithm Settings
12.1.1. Advection Scheme
12.1.2. Solver
12.1.3. Relaxation Factors
12.2. Performance
13. Multiple Species Transport
13.1. Mixture Types
13.1.1. Dilute Mixture Analysis
13.1.2. Composite Mixture Analysis
13.1.3. Composite Gas Analysis
13.2. Doing a Multiple Species Analysis
13.2.1. Establish the Species
13.2.2. Choose an Algebraic Species
13.2.3. Adjust Output Format
13.2.4. Set Properties
13.2.5. Specify Boundary Conditions
13.2.6. Set Relaxation and Solution Parameters
13.3. Doing a Heat Exchanger Analysis Using Two Species
13.4. Example Analysis Mixing Three Gases
14. Advection Discretization Options
14.1. Using SUPG and COLG
14.2. Strategies for Difficult Solutions
II. Acoustics
15. Acoustics
15.1. Solving Acoustics Problems
15.2. Building the Model
15.2.1. Harmonic Acoustic Analysis Guidelines
15.3. Meshing the Model
15.3.1. Step 1: Mesh the Interior Fluid Domain
15.3.2. Step 2: Generate the Infinite Acoustic Elements
15.3.3. Step 3: Specify the Fluid-Structure Interface
15.4. Applying Loads and Obtaining the Solution
15.4.1. Step 1: Enter the SOLUTION Processor
15.4.2. Step 2: Define the Analysis Type
15.4.3. Step 3: Define Analysis Options
15.4.4. Step 4: Apply Loads on the Model
15.4.5. Step 5: Specify Load Step Options
15.4.6. Step 6: Back Up Your Database
15.4.7. Step 7: Apply Additional Load Steps (Optional)
15.4.8. Step 8: Finish the Solution
15.5. Reviewing Results
15.6. Fluid-Structure Interaction
15.7. Sample Applications
15.8. Example 1: Fluid-Structure Coupled Acoustic Analysis (Command Method)
15.9. Example 2: Room Acoustic Analysis (Command Method)
III. Thin Film
16. Thin Film Analysis
16.1. Elements for Modeling Thin Films
16.2. Squeeze Film Analysis
16.2.1. Static Analysis Overview
16.2.2. Harmonic Response Analysis Overview
16.2.3. Flow Regime Considerations
16.2.4. Modeling and Meshing Considerations
16.2.5. Analysis Settings and Options
16.2.6. Loads and Solution
16.2.7. Review Results
16.2.8. Example Problem
16.3. Modal Projection Method for Squeeze Film Analysis
16.3.1. Modal Projection Method Overview
16.3.2. Steps in Computing the Damping Parameter Using the Modal Projection Technique
16.3.3. Example Problem Using the Modal Projection Method
16.3.4. Damping Extraction for Large Signal Cases
16.4. Slide Film Damping
16.4.1. Slide Film Damping Example
Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Analysis Guide
1. Overview of Magnetic Field Analysis
1.1. How ANSYS Handles Magnetic Analysis
1.2. Types of Static, Harmonic, and Transient Magnetic Analysis
1.3. Comparing Magnetic Formulations
1.3.1. 2-D Versus 3-D Magnetic Analysis
1.3.2. What Is the Magnetic Scalar Potential Formulation?
1.3.3. What Is the Magnetic Vector Potential Formulation?
1.3.4. What Is the Edge Formulation?
1.3.5. Comparing Formulations
1.3.6. Static Analysis
1.4. Summary of Electromagnetic Elements
1.5. About GUI Paths and Command Syntax
2. 2-D Static Magnetic Analysis
2.1. Elements Used in 2-D Static Magnetic Analysis
2.2. Steps in a Static Magnetic Analysis
2.2.1. Creating the Physics Environment
2.2.2. Building and Meshing the Model and Assigning Region Attributes
2.2.3. Applying Boundary Conditions and Loads
2.2.4. Excitation Loads
2.2.5. Flags
2.2.6. Other Loads
2.2.7. Solving the Analysis
2.2.8. Defining the Analysis Type
2.2.9. Defining Analysis Options
2.2.10. Saving a Backup Copy of the Database
2.2.11. Starting the Solution
2.2.12. Tracking Convergence Graphically
2.2.13. Finishing the Solution
2.2.14. Calculating the Inductance Matrix and Flux Linkage
2.2.15. Reviewing Results
2.2.16. Reading in Results Data
2.3. Doing an Example 2-D Static Magnetic Analysis (GUI Method)
2.3.1. The Example Described
2.3.2. Analysis Parameters
2.3.3. Approach and Assumptions
2.4. Doing an Example 2-D Static Magnetic Analysis (Command Method)
2.5. Doing an Example 2-D Static Magnetic Contact Analysis (Command Method)
2.5.1. The Problem Described
2.5.2. Input Listing
2.6. Where to Find Other Examples
3. 2-D Harmonic (AC) Analysis
3.1. Linear Versus Nonlinear Harmonic Analysis
3.2. Elements Used in Harmonic Magnetic Analysis
3.3. Creating a Harmonic 2-D Physics Environment
3.3.1. Using DOFs to Manage Terminal Conditions on Conductors
3.3.2. The AZ Option
3.3.3. The AZ-VOLT Option
3.3.4. The AZ-CURR Option
3.3.5. Characteristics and Settings for Physical Regions of a Model
3.3.6. Velocity Effects
3.4. Building and Meshing the Model and Assigning Region Attributes
3.4.1. Skin Depth Considerations
3.5. Applying Boundary Conditions Loads (Excitation) to Harmonic Problems
3.5.1. Using the PERBC2D Macro
3.5.2. Amplitude, Phase Angle, and Operating Frequency
3.5.3. Applying Source Current Density to Stranded Conductors
3.5.4. Applying Current to Massive Conductors
3.5.5. Applying Voltage Load Across a Stranded Coil
3.5.6. Flags
3.5.7. Other Loads
3.6. Obtain a Solution
3.6.1. Defining the Harmonic Analysis Type
3.6.2. Defining Analysis Options
3.6.3. Selecting the Equation Solver
3.6.4. Setting the Analysis Frequency
3.6.5. Setting General Options
3.6.6. Setting Output Controls
3.6.7. Saving a Backup Copy of the Database
3.6.8. Starting the Solution
3.6.9. HMAGSOLV Command Macro
3.6.10. Tracking Convergence Graphically
3.6.11. Finishing the Solution
3.7. Reviewing Results
3.7.1. Commands or GUI Paths to Help You in Postprocessing
3.7.2. Reading in Results Data
3.8. Doing an Example Harmonic Magnetic Analysis (GUI Method)
3.8.1. The Example Described
3.9. Doing an Example Harmonic Magnetic Analysis (Command Method)
3.10. Doing an Example of a 2-D Nonlinear Harmonic Analysis (Command Method)
3.10.1. The Example Described
3.10.2. The Example Analysis Command Input Stream
3.11. Where to Find Other Examples
4. 2-D Transient Magnetic Analysis
4.1. Elements Used in Transient Magnetic Analysis
4.2. Creating a 2-D Transient Magnetic Physics Environment
4.3. Building a Model, Assigning Region Attributes and Meshing the Model
4.4. Applying Boundary Conditions and Loads (Excitation)
4.4.1. Applying Boundary Conditions
4.4.2. Applying Excitation (Voltage Load)
4.4.3. Applying Current
4.4.4. Other Loads
4.5. Obtaining a Solution
4.5.1. Entering the SOLUTION Processor
4.5.2. Defining the Analysis Type
4.5.3. Defining Analysis Options
4.5.4. Load Step Options
4.5.5. Nonlinear Options
4.5.6. Output Controls
4.5.7. Saving a Backup Copy of the Database
4.5.8. Starting the Solution
4.5.9. Finishing the Solution
4.6. Reviewing Results
4.6.1. Reading Results in POST26
4.6.2. Reading Results in POST1
4.7. Doing an Example Transient Magnetic Analysis (GUI Method)
4.7.1. The Example Described
4.7.2. Analysis Parameters
4.7.3. Approach and Assumptions
4.8. Doing an Example Transient Analysis (Command Method)
4.9. Where to Find Other Examples
5. 3-D Static Magnetic Analysis (Scalar Method)
5.1. Elements Used in 3-D Static Scalar Magnetic Analysis
5.2. Scalar Potential Formulation
5.2.1. Singly Versus Multiply Connected Domains
5.3. Steps in a 3-D Static Scalar Analysis
5.3.1. Creating the Physics Environment
5.3.2. Setting GUI Preferences
5.3.3. Specifying Material Properties
5.3.4. Additional Guidelines for Defining Regional Material Properties and Real Constants
5.3.5. Building the Model
5.3.6. Building a 3-D Racetrack Coil
5.3.7. Applying Boundary Conditions and Loads (Excitation)
5.3.8. Boundary Conditions
5.3.9. Excitation
5.3.10. Flags
5.3.11. Other Loads
5.3.12. Obtaining a Solution
5.3.13. Solving the Analysis (RSP Method)
5.3.14. Solving the Analysis (DSP Method)
5.3.15. Solving the Analysis (GSP Method)
5.3.16. Calculating the Inductance Matrix and Flux Linkage
5.3.17. Reviewing Analysis Results (RSP, DSP, or GSP Method Analysis)
5.4. Example of a 3-D Static Magnetic Analysis (GUI Method)
5.4.1. The Example Described
5.4.2. The Analysis (GUI Method)
5.5. Example of a 3-D Static Magnetic Analysis (Command Method)
5.6. Where to Find Other Examples of 3-D Static Magnetic Analysis
6. 3-D Magnetostatics and Fundamentals of Edge-Based Analysis
6.1. How to Use Edge-Based Analysis
6.1.1. Elements Used in Edge-Based Analysis
6.1.2. Using the Different Formulations
6.1.3. Characteristics and Settings for Physical Regions of a Model
6.2. Using Adaptive Meshing for Edge-Based Analyses
6.2.1. Prerequisites for Adaptive Meshing
6.2.2. Employing Adaptive Meshing in an Edge-Based Analysis
6.3. Performing a Static Edge-Based Analysis
6.4. Reviewing Results
6.4.1. Reading in Results Data
6.5. Example of a 3-D Static Edge-Based Analysis (GUI Method)
6.5.1. The Analysis Described
6.5.2. Analysis Parameters
6.5.3. Target Data
6.5.4. Procedures to Follow
6.6. Example of a 3-D Static Edge-Based Analysis (Command Method)
6.7. Example of a 3-D Static Edge-Based Analysis Using SOURC36 Current Loads (Command Method)
6.7.1. The Analysis Described
6.7.2. Analysis Parameters
6.7.3. Target Data
6.7.4. The Analysis Input
6.8. Example of a 3-D Static Edge-Based Analysis Showing Force and Torque Calculations (Command Method)
6.8.1. The Analysis Described
6.8.2. Analysis Parameters
6.8.3. The Analysis Input
6.9. Example of a Soleniod Analysis with a Current Load (Filament)
6.9.1. The Analysis Described
6.9.2. Analysis Parameters
6.9.3. Target Data
6.9.4. The Analysis Input
6.10. Example Analysis of a Brooks Coil Inductance
6.10.1. The Analysis Described
6.10.2. Analysis Parameters
6.10.3. Target Data
6.10.4. Analysis Input
7. 3-D Harmonic Magnetic Analysis (Edge-Based)
7.1. Characteristics and Settings for Physical Regions of a Model
7.2. Velocity Effects
7.3. Performing a Harmonic Edge-Based Analysis
7.4. Reviewing Results
7.4.1. Commands to Help You in Postprocessing
7.4.2. Reading in Results Data
7.5. Example of a 3-D Harmonic Edge-Based Analysis (Command Method)
7.5.1. The Analysis Described
7.5.2. Analysis Parameters
7.5.3. Target Data
8. 3-D Transient Magnetic Analysis (Edge-Based)
8.1. Performing a Transient Edge-Based Analysis
8.1.1. Time Option
8.1.2. Number of Substeps or Time Step Size
8.1.3. Automatic Time Stepping
8.1.4. Newton-Raphson Options
8.1.5. Number of Equilibrium Iterations
8.1.6. Convergence Tolerances
8.1.7. Terminate an Unconverged Solution
8.1.8. Control Printed Output
8.1.9. Control Database and Results File Output
8.1.10. Saving a Backup Copy of the Database
8.1.11. Starting the Solution
8.2. Reviewing Results
8.2.1. Reading Results in POST26
8.2.2. Reading Results in POST1
9. 3-D Nodal-Based Analyses (Static, Harmonic, and Transient)
9.1. Elements Used in a 3-D Static Magnetic MVP Analysis
9.1.1. Specifying Real Constants
9.1.2. Incorporating Velocity Effects
9.2. Defining Analysis Settings
9.2.1. Defining the Analysis Type
9.2.2. Defining Which Solver to Use
9.3. Performing a 3-D Static Magnetic MVP Analysis
9.3.1. Applying Loads and Obtaining the Solution
9.3.2. Saving a Backup Copy of the Database
9.3.3. Starting the Solution
9.3.4. Finishing the Solution
9.3.5. Calculating the Inductance Matrix and Flux Linkage
9.4. Reviewing Results
9.4.1. Reading in Results Data
9.5. Performing a 3-D Nodal-Based Harmonic Analysis
9.5.1. Creating a Harmonic 3-D Physics Environment
9.6. Applying Loads to and Solving 3-D Nodal-Based Harmonic Analyses
9.7. Reviewing Results from a 3-D Harmonic (Nodal-Based) Analysis
9.8. Performing a 3-D Transient (Nodal-Based) Analysis
9.8.1. Create the 3-D Transient Physics Environment
9.8.2. Apply Loads and Solve the Transient Analysis
9.9. Reviewing Results from a 3-D Transient (Nodal-Based) Analysis
9.10. Combining the Scalar and Vector Potential Methods
9.10.1. Building a Model with Combined Regions
9.10.2. Apply Loads and Solving the Combined Model
9.10.3. Reviewing Results
10. Electric and Magnetic Macros
10.1. Using Electric and Magnetic Macros
10.1.1. Modeling Aids
10.1.2. Solution Aids
10.1.3. Postprocessing Calculations
11. Far-Field Elements
11.1. Tips for Using Far-Field Elements
11.2. Sample Analysis
11.2.1. Problem Description
11.2.2. Results
11.2.3. Command Listing
12. Electric Field Analysis
12.1. Elements Used in Electric Field Analysis
12.2. Element Compatibility
12.3. Current Densities
12.4. Steady-State Current Conduction Analysis
12.4.1. Building the Model
12.4.2. Applying Loads and Obtaining a Solution
12.4.3. Reviewing Results
12.4.4. Extracting Conductance from Multi-Conductor Systems
12.5. Harmonic Quasistatic Electric Analysis
12.5.1. Building the Model
12.5.2. Applying Loads and Obtaining a Solution
12.5.3. Reviewing Results
12.6. Transient Quasistatic Electric Analysis
12.6.1. Building the Model
12.6.2. Applying Loads and Obtaining a Solution
12.6.3. Reviewing Results
12.7. Sample Steady-State Conduction Current Analysis
12.7.1. Problem Description
12.7.2. Results
12.7.3. Command Listing
12.8. Sample Conductance Calculation
12.8.1. Problem Description
12.8.2. Command Listing
12.9. Sample Harmonic Quasistatic Electric Analysis
12.9.1. Problem Description
12.9.2. Results
12.9.3. Command Listing
12.10. Sample Transient Quasistatic Electric Analysis
12.10.1. Problem Description
12.10.2. Results
12.10.3. Command Listing
12.11. Where to Find Current Conduction Analysis Examples
13. Electrostatic Field Analysis (h-Method)
13.1. Elements Used in h-Method Electrostatic Analysis
13.2. Steps in an h-Method Electrostatic Analysis
13.2.1. Building the Model
13.2.2. Applying Loads and Obtaining a Solution
13.2.3. Reviewing Results
13.3. Extracting Capacitance from Multi-conductor Systems
13.3.1. Ground Capacitances and Lumped Capacitances
13.3.2. Procedure
13.4. Trefftz Method for Open Boundary Representation
13.4.1. Overview
13.4.2. Procedure
13.5. Doing an Example h-Method Electrostatic Analysis (GUI Method)
13.5.1. The Example Described
13.5.2. Analysis Assumptions and Modeling Notes
13.5.3. Expected Analysis Results
13.6. Doing an Electrostatic Analysis (Command Method)
13.7. Doing an Example Capacitance Calculation (Command Method)
13.7.1. The Example Described
13.7.2. Modeling Notes
13.7.3. Computed Results
13.7.4. Command Listing
13.8. Doing an Electrostatic Analysis Using Trefftz Method (Command Method)
13.8.1. The Example Described
13.8.2. Modeling Notes
13.8.3. Expected Results
13.8.4. Command Listing
13.9. Doing an Electrostatic Analysis Using Trefftz Method (GUI Method)
14. p-Method Electrostatic Analysis
14.1. Benefits of Using the p-Method
14.2. Using the p-Method
14.2.1. Select the p-Method Procedure
14.2.2. Build the Model
14.2.3. Additional Information for Building Your Model
14.2.4. Apply Boundary Conditions
14.2.5. Apply Loads and Obtain the Solution
14.2.6. Helpful Hints for Common Problems
14.2.7. Review the Results
14.3. Doing an Example p-Electrostatic Analysis (Command Method)
14.3.1. The Example Described
14.3.2. Modeling Notes and Results
14.3.3. Command Listing
15. Electric Circuit Analysis
15.1. Using the CIRCU124 Element
15.1.1. Circuit Components Available in CIRCU124
15.1.2. Load Types for CIRCU124
15.1.3. Coupling the FEA Domain to the Circuit Domain
15.2. Using the CIRCU125 Element
15.3. Using the Circuit Builder
15.3.1. Building a Circuit
15.4. Avoiding Inconsistent Circuits
15.4.1. DC and Harmonic Analyses
15.4.2. Transient Analyses
15.4.3. Inductors and Current Generators Should Not Form a Cut
15.5. Static (DC) Electric Circuit Analysis
15.5.1. Building a Circuit for Static Analysis
15.5.2. Applying Loads and Solving the Static Analysis
15.5.3. Reviewing Results from a Static Circuit Analysis
15.6. Harmonic (AC) Electric Circuit Analysis
15.6.1. Building a Circuit for Harmonic Analysis
15.6.2. Applying Loads and Solving the Analysis
15.6.3. Reviewing Results from a Harmonic Circuit Analysis
15.7. Transient Electric Circuit Analysis
15.7.1. Building a Circuit for Transient Analysis
15.7.2. Applying Loads and Solving the Static Analysis
15.7.3. Reviewing Results from a Transient Circuit Analysis
15.8. Doing an Example Harmonic Circuit Analysis (Command Method)
15.9. A Sample Diode Circuit (Command Method)
15.10. Where to Find Other Examples
16. Alternative Analysis Options and Solution Methods
16.1. Loading Options for 2-D Static Magnetic Analysis
16.1.1. On Keypoints
16.1.2. On Lines
16.1.3. On Areas
16.1.4. On Volumes
16.1.5. On Nodes
16.1.6. On Elements
16.2. Using the Alternative Solution Option for 2-D Static Magnetic Analysis
16.2.1. Specify Load Step Options for the Initial Solution
16.2.2. Write Load Data or Start the Solution
16.2.3. Specify Load Step Options for the Final Solution
16.2.4. Write Load Data or Start the Solution
16.2.5. Initiate the Solution
16.3. Loading Options for 2-D or 3-D Harmonic Magnetic Analysis (MVP Method)
16.4. Load Step Options for 2-D or 3-D Harmonic Magnetic Analysis (MVP Method)
16.4.1. Dynamic Options
16.4.2. General Options
16.4.3. Output Controls
16.5. Loading Options for 2-D or 3-D Transient Magnetic Analysis (MVP Method)
16.6. Load Step Options for Nodal-Based Transient Magnetic Analysis (MVP Method)
16.6.1. Dynamic Options
16.7. Loading Options for 3-D Static Magnetic Analysis (Scalar Method)
16.8. Using the RSP Method for 3-D Static Scalar Magnetic Analysis
16.8.1. Specify Load Step Options
16.8.2. Start the Solution
16.9. Using the DSP Method for 3-D Static Scalar Magnetic Analysis
16.10. Using the GSP Method for 3-D Static Scalar Magnetic Analysis
16.11. Loading Options for 3-D Static Magnetic Analysis (MVP Method)
16.12. The Alternative Solution Option for 3-D Static Magnetic Analysis (MVP Method)
16.12.1. Specify Load Step Options for the Initial Solution
16.12.2. Write Load Data or Start the Solution
16.12.3. Specify Load Step Options for the Final Solution
16.12.4. Write Load Data or Solve the Second Load Step
16.12.5. Initiate the Solution
16.13. Loading Options for an Electric Field (Current Conduction) Analysis
16.14. Load Step Options for an Electric Field (Current Conduction) Analysis
16.15. Loading Options for an Electrostatic Field Analysis
16.16. Load Step Options for Electrostatic Field Analysis
High-Frequency Electromagnetic Analysis Guide
1. Overview of High-Frequency Electromagnetic Analysis
2. Finite Element Analysis of High-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields
3. Elements Available in High-Frequency Electromagnetic Analysis
4. Performing a High-Frequency Harmonic Analysis
4.1. Creating the Physics Environment
4.1.1. Specifying Element Types
4.1.2. Specifying the System of Units
4.1.3. Specifying Material Properties
4.2. Building the Model, Assigning Region Attributes, and Meshing
4.2.1. Defining Model Region Attributes
4.2.2. Meshing the Model
4.3. Applying Boundary Conditions and Excitations (Loads)
4.3.1. Applying Boundary Conditions
4.3.2. Applying Excitation Sources
4.4. Solving Harmonic High-Frequency Analyses
4.4.1. Defining the Analysis Type
4.4.2. Defining Analysis Options and Estimating Computer Resources
4.4.3. Setting the Analysis Frequencies
4.4.4. Defining a Scattering Analysis
4.4.5. Defining a Radiation Analysis for a Phased Array Antenna
4.4.6. Defining a Modal Port Solution
4.4.7. Starting the Solution
4.4.8. Finishing the Solution
4.5. Postprocessing Harmonic High-Frequency Analyses
4.5.1. Reviewing Results
4.5.2. Commands to Help You in Postprocessing
4.5.3. Calculating Near Fields, Far Fields, and Far Field Parameters
4.5.4. Calculating Circuit Parameters for High-Frequency Devices
5. Performing a Modal High-Frequency Analysis
5.1. Entering the SOLUTION Processor and Specifying the Modal Analysis Type
5.2. Setting Options for Modal Analysis
5.3. Specifying Modes to Expand
5.4. Applying Boundary Conditions
5.5. Solving a Modal High-Frequency Analysis
5.6. Calculating Propagating Constants
5.7. Reviewing Modal High-Frequency Results
6. Adaptive Meshing
I. Basic Wave Radiation Examples
Harmonic Analysis for a Point Current Radiation Source (Command Method)
II. Basic Wave Propagation Examples
Harmonic Analysis of a Coaxial Waveguide (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis of a Coaxial Waveguide (GUI Method)
III. Basic Wave Resonance Examples
Modal Analysis of a Cavity (Command Method)
Modal Analysis of a Cavity (GUI Method)
Modal Analysis for a Circular Waveguide (Command Method)
IV. Basic Wave Scattering Examples
Harmonic Analysis for Plane Wave Scattering from a Metallic Plate (Command Method)
V. Advanced Wave Radiation Examples
Harmonic Analysis for a JRM Array Antenna (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis for a Lee-Jones Array Antenna (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis for Line-fed Microstrip Patch Antenna (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis for Radiation of a Waveguide Antenna with No Flare (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis for a Half Wavelength Dipole Antenna (Command Method)
VI. Advanced Wave Propagation Examples
Harmonic Analysis for a Microstrip Low-Pass Filter (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis for a Three-Stub Rectangular Waveguide Filter (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis for Multi-layer Microstrip Interconnect (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis for Microstrip Meander Line (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis for a Rectangular Waveguide with a Ridge Discontinuity (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis of a Rectangular Waveguide with a Dielectric Post Using Adaptive Meshing (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis of a Rectangular Waveguide with a Dielectric Post Using S-Parameter Adaptive Meshing (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis of a Parallel-Plate Waveguide with a Lumped Circuit Load (Command Method)
Postprocessing Scattering, Admittance, and Impedance Parameters
SPICE Synthesized Equivalent Circuit for a Line-fed Microstrip Patch Antenna (Command Method)
SPICE Synthesized Equivalent Circuit for a T-type Transmission Line Network (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis for Rectangular Waveguide Filled with Two Dielectric Materials (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis of Y-Junction Waveguide Circulator (Command Method)
TDR/TDT Display of Shorted Single-Ended Uniform Transmission Line (Command Method)
VII. Advanced Wave Resonance Examples
Modal Analysis for Resonant Frequencies of a Dielectric Resonator on Microstrip Substrate (Command Method)
Modal Analysis for Dispersion of a Microstrip Line (Command Method)
VIII. Advanced Wave Scattering Examples
Harmonic Analysis for Scattering of a Metallic Sphere Coated by Lossy Dielectric Layer (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis for Scattering of a Dielectric Sphere (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis for Scattering of a Metallic Cube (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis for Scattering of a Metallic Sphere Coated by a Dielectric Layer (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis of a Thick Bandpass Frequency Selective Surface (Command Method)
Harmonic Analysis for Scattering of a Dielectric Grating (Command Method)
Coupled-Field Analysis Guide
1. Coupled-Field Analyses
1.1. Types of Coupled-Field Analysis
1.1.1. Direct Method
1.1.2. Load Transfer Methods
1.1.3. When to Use Direct vs. Load Transfer
1.1.4. Additional Analysis Methods
1.2. System of Units
1.3. About GUI Paths and Command Syntax
2. Direct Coupled-Field Analysis
2.1. Lumped Electric Elements
2.2. Thermal-Electric Analysis
2.2.1. Elements Used in a Thermal-Electric Analysis
2.2.2. Performing a Thermal-Electric Analysis
2.3. Piezoelectric Analysis
2.3.1. Points to Remember
2.3.2. Material Properties
2.4. Electroelastic Analysis
2.4.1. Elements Used in an Electroelastic Analysis
2.4.2. Performing an Electroelastic Analysis
2.5. Piezoresistive Analysis
2.5.1. Points to Remember
2.5.2. Material Properties
2.6. Structural-Thermal Analysis
2.6.1. Elements Used in a Structural-Thermal Analysis
2.6.2. Performing a Structural-Thermal Analysis
2.7. Structural-Thermal-Electric Analyses
2.7.1. Structural-Thermoelectric Analysis
2.7.2. Thermal-Piezoelectric Analysis
2.8. Magneto-Structural Analysis
2.8.1. Points to Remember
2.9. Electromechanical Analysis
2.9.1. The 1-D Transducer Element
2.9.2. The 2-D Transducer Element
2.10. Sample Thermoelectric Cooler Analysis (Batch or Command Method)
2.10.1. Problem Description
2.10.2. Expected Results
2.10.3. Command Listing
2.11. Sample Thermoelectric Generator Analysis (Batch or Command Method)
2.11.1. Problem Description
2.11.2. Expected Results
2.11.3. Command Listing
2.12. Sample Structural-Thermal Harmonic Analysis (Batch or Command Method)
2.12.1. Problem Description
2.12.2. Expected Results
2.12.3. Command Listing
2.13. Sample Electro-Thermal Microactuator Analysis (Batch or Command Method)
2.13.1. Problem Description
2.13.2. Results
2.13.3. Command Listing
2.14. Sample Piezoelectric Analysis (Batch or Command Method)
2.14.1. Problem Description
2.14.2. Problem Specifications
2.14.3. Results
2.14.4. Command Listing
2.15. Sample Piezoelectric Analysis with Coriolis Effect (Batch or Command Method)
2.15.1. Problem Description
2.15.2. Problem Specifications
2.15.3. Results
2.15.4. Command Listing
2.16. Sample Electroelastic Analysis of a Dielectric Elastomer (Batch or Command Method)
2.16.1. Problem Description
2.16.2. Problem Specifications
2.16.3. Results
2.16.4. Command Listing
2.17. Sample Electroelastic Analysis of a MEMS Switch (Batch or Command Method)
2.17.1. Problem Description
2.17.2. Problem Specifications
2.17.3. Results
2.17.4. Command Listing
2.18. Sample Piezoresistive Analysis (Batch or Command Method)
2.18.1. Problem Description
2.18.2. Problem Specification
2.18.3. Results
2.18.4. Command Listing
2.19. Sample Electromechanical Analysis (Batch or Command Method)
2.19.1. Problem Description
2.19.2. Expected Results
2.19.3. Building and Solving the Model
2.20. Sample Electromechanical Transient Analysis (Batch or Command Method)
2.20.1. Results
2.20.2. Command Listing
2.21. Sample Electromechanical Hysteresis Analysis (Batch or Command Method)
2.21.1. Problem Specifications
2.21.2. Results
2.21.3. Command Listing
2.22. Sample Electromechanical Comb Finger Analysis (Batch or Command Method)
2.22.1. Problem Specifications
2.22.2. Results
2.22.3. Command Listing
2.23. Sample Force Calculation of Two Opposite Electrodes (Batch or Command Method)
2.23.1. Problem Specifications
2.23.2. Results
2.23.3. Command Listing
2.24. Where to Find Other Examples
3. The ANSYS Multi-field (TM) Solver - MFS Single-Code Coupling
3.1. The ANSYS Multi-field solver and Solution Algorithm
3.1.1. Load Transfer
3.1.2. Mapping
3.1.3. Coupled Field Loads
3.1.4. Elements Supported
3.1.5. Solution Algorithm
3.2. ANSYS Multi-field solver Solution Procedure
3.2.1. Set up Field Models
3.2.2. Flag Field Interface Conditions
3.2.3. Set up Field Solutions
3.2.4. Obtain the solution
3.2.5. Postprocess the Results
3.3. Sample Thermal-Stress Analysis of a Thick-walled Cylinder (Batch or Command Method)
3.3.1. Problem Description
3.3.2. Results
3.3.3. Command Listing
3.4. Sample Electrostatic Actuated Beam Analysis (Batch or Command Method)
3.4.1. Problem Description
3.4.2. Results
3.4.3. Command Listing
3.5. Sample Induction-Heating Analysis of a Circular Billet
3.5.1. Problem Description
3.5.2. Results
3.5.3. Command Listing
4. Multi-field Analysis Using Code Coupling
4.1. How MFX Works
4.1.1. Synchronization Points and Load Transfer
4.1.2. Load Interpolation
4.1.3. Elements and Load Types Supported
4.1.4. Solution Process
4.2. MFX Solution Procedure
4.2.1. Set Up ANSYS and CFX Models
4.2.2. Flag Field Interface Conditions
4.2.3. Set Up Master Input
4.2.4. Obtain the Solution
4.2.5. Multi-field Commands
4.2.6. Postprocess the Results
4.3. Starting and Stopping an MFX Analysis
4.3.1. Starting an MFX Analysis via the Launcher
4.3.2. Starting an MFX Analysis via the Command Line
4.3.3. Stopping an MFX Run Manually
4.4. Example Simulation of a Piezoelectric Actuated Micro-Pump
5. Load Transfer Coupled Physics Analysis
5.1. What Is a Physics Environment?
5.2. General Analysis Procedures
5.3. Transferring Loads Between Physics
5.3.1. Compatible Element Types
5.3.2. Types of Results Files You May Use
5.3.3. Transient Fluid-Structural Analyses
5.4. Performing a Load Transfer Coupled Physics Analysis with Multiple Physics Environments
5.4.1. Mesh Updating
5.4.2. Restarting an Analysis Using Multiple Physics Environments
5.5. Example Thermal-Stress Analysis Using Separate Databases
5.5.1. The Problem Described
5.6. Example Thermal-Stress Analysis Using Multiple Physics Environments
5.7. Example Fluid-Structural Analysis Using Physics Environments
5.7.1. The Problem Described
5.7.2. The Procedure
5.7.3. Results
5.8. Example Induction-heating Analysis Using Physics Environments
5.8.1. The Problem Described
5.8.2. The Procedure
6. Unidirectional Load Transfer
6.1. The Unidirectional Load Transfer Method: ANSYS to CFX
6.2. Sample Unidirectional Load Transfer Analysis: ANSYS to CFX
6.2.1. ANSYS Command Listings
6.2.2. CFX Procedure
6.3. The Unidirectional Load Transfer Method: CFX to ANSYS
7. Coupled Physics Circuit Simulation
7.1. Electromagnetic-Circuit Simulation
7.1.1. 2-D Circuit Coupled Stranded Coil
7.1.2. 2-D Circuit Coupled Massive Conductor
7.1.3. 3-D Circuit Coupled Stranded Coil
7.1.4. 3-D Circuit Coupled Massive Conductor
7.1.5. 3-D Circuit Coupled Solid Source Conductor
7.1.6. Taking Advantage of Symmetry
7.1.7. Series Connected Conductors
7.2. Electromechanical-Circuit Simulation
7.3. Piezoelectric-Circuit Simulation
7.4. Sample Electromechanical-Circuit Analysis
7.4.1. Problem Description
7.4.2. Results
7.4.3. Command Listing
7.5. Sample Piezoelectric-Circuit Analysis (Batch or Command Method)
7.5.1. Problem Description
7.5.2. Problem Specifications
7.5.3. Equivalent Electric Circuits (Reduced Order Model)
7.5.4. Results
7.5.5. Command Listing
8. Reduced Order Modeling
8.1. Model Preparation
8.1.1. Build the Solid Model
8.1.2. Mesh the Model
8.1.3. Create Structural Physics File
8.1.4. Create Electrostatic Physics File
8.1.5. Save Model Database
8.2. Generation Pass
8.2.1. Specify Generation Pass Jobname
8.2.2. Assign ROM Features
8.2.3. Assign Names for Conductor Pairs
8.2.4. Specify ROM Master Nodes
8.2.5. Run Static Analysis for Test Load and Extract Neutral Plane Displacements
8.2.6. Run Static Analysis for Element Loads and Extract Neutral Plane Displacements
8.2.7. Perform Modal Analysis and Extract Neutral Plane Eigenvectors
8.2.8. Select Modes for ROM
8.2.9. Modify Modes for ROM
8.2.10. List Mode Specifications
8.2.11. Save ROM Database
8.2.12. Run Sample Point Generation
8.2.13. Specify Polynomial Order
8.2.14. Define ROM Response Surface
8.2.15. Perform Fitting Procedure
8.2.16. Plot Response Surface
8.2.17. List Status of Response Surface
8.2.18. Export ROM Model to External System Simulator
8.3. Use Pass
8.3.1. Clear Database
8.3.2. Define a Jobname
8.3.3. Resume ROM Database
8.3.4. Define Element Type
8.3.5. Define Nodes
8.3.6. Activate ROM Database
8.3.7. Define Node Connectivity
8.3.8. Define Other Model Entities
8.3.9. Using Gap Elements with ROM144
8.3.10. Apply Loads
8.3.11. Specify Solution Options
8.3.12. Run ROM Use Pass
8.3.13. Review Results
8.4. Expansion Pass
8.4.1. Clear Database
8.4.2. Define a Jobname
8.4.3. Resume ROM
8.4.4. Resume Model Database
8.4.5. Activate ROM Database
8.4.6. Perform Expansion Pass
8.4.7. Review Results
8.5. Sample Miniature Clamped-Clamped Beam Analysis (Batch or Command Method)
8.5.1. Problem Description
8.5.2. Program Listings
8.6. Sample Micro Mirror Analysis (Batch or Command Method)
8.6.1. Problem Description
8.6.2. Program Listings
ANSYS Parametric Design Language Guide
1. Introducing APDL
2. Working with the Toolbar
2.1. Adding Commands to the Toolbar
2.2. Modifying the Toolbar
2.2.1. Example: Adding a Toolbar Button
2.2.2. Saving Toolbar Buttons
2.3. Nesting Toolbar Abbreviations
3. Using Parameters
3.1. Guidelines for Parameter Names
3.1.1. Hiding Parameters from *STATUS
3.2. Defining Parameters
3.2.1. Assigning Parameter Values During Execution
3.2.2. Assigning Parameter Values At Startup
3.2.3. Assigning ANSYS-Supplied Values to Parameters
3.2.4. Listing Parameters
3.3. Deleting Parameters
3.4. Using Character Parameters
3.5. Substitution of Numeric Parametric Values
3.5.1. Preventing Substitution
3.5.2. Substitution of Character Parametric Values
3.6. Dynamic Substitution of Numeric or Character Parameters
3.7. Parametric Expressions
3.8. Parametric Functions
3.9. Saving, Resuming, and Writing Parameters
3.10. Array Parameters
3.10.1. Array Parameter Basics
3.10.2. Array Parameter Examples
3.10.3. TABLE Type Array Parameters
3.10.4. Defining and Listing Array Parameters
3.10.5. Specifying Array Element Values
3.10.6. Writing Data Files
3.10.7. Operations Among Array Parameters
3.10.8. Plotting Array Parameter Vectors
3.10.9. Modifying Curve Labels
4. APDL as a Macro Language
4.1. Creating a Macro
4.1.1. Macro File Naming Conventions
4.1.2. Macro Search Path
4.1.3. Creating a Macro Within ANSYS
4.1.4. Creating Macros with a Text Editor
4.1.5. Using Macro Library Files
4.2. Executing Macros and Macro Libraries
4.3. Local Variables
4.3.1. Passing Arguments to a Macro
4.3.2. Local Variables Within Macros
4.3.3. Local Variables Outside of Macros
4.4. Controlling Program Flow in APDL
4.4.1. Nested Macros: Calling Subroutines Within a Macro
4.4.2. Unconditional Branching: Goto
4.4.3. Conditional Branching: The *IF Command
4.4.4. Repeating a Command
4.4.5. Looping: Do-Loops
4.4.6. Implied (colon) Do Loops
4.4.7. Additional Looping: Do-While
4.5. Control Functions Quick Reference
4.6. Using the _STATUS and _RETURN Parameters in Macros
4.7. Using Macros with Components and Assemblies
4.8. Reviewing Example Macros
5. Interfacing with the GUI
5.1. Prompting Users for a Single Parameter Value
5.2. Prompting Users With a Dialog Box
5.3. Using Macros to Display Your Own Messages
5.4. Creating and Maintaining a Status Bar from a Macro
5.5. Picking within Macros
5.6. Calling Dialog Boxes From a Macro
6. Encrypting Macros
6.1. Preparing a Macro for Encryption
6.2. Creating an Encrypted Macro
6.3. Running an Encrypted Macro
I. APDL Commands Reference
*ABBR - Defines an abbreviation.
ABBRES - Reads abbreviations from a coded file.
ABBSAV - Writes the current abbreviation set to a coded file.
*AFUN - Specifies units for angular functions in parameter expressions.
*ASK - Prompts the user to input a parameter value.
*CFCLOS - Closes the "command" file.
*CFOPEN - Opens a "command" file.
*CFWRITE - Writes an ANSYS command (or similar string) to a "command" file.
*CREATE - Opens (creates) a macro file.
*CYCLE - Bypasses commands within a do-loop.
*DEL - Deletes a parameter or parameters (GUI).
/DFLAB - Changes DOF labels for user custom elements.
*DIM - Defines an array parameter and its dimensions.
/DIRECTORY - Put the file names in the current directory into a string parameter array.
*DO - Defines the beginning of a do-loop.
*DOWHILE - Loops repeatedly through the next *ENDDO command.
*ELSE - Separates the final if-then-else block.
*ELSEIF - Separates an intermediate if-then-else block.
*END - Closes a macro file.
*ENDDO - Ends a do-loop and starts the looping action.
*ENDIF - Ends an if-then-else.
*EXIT - Exits a do-loop.
*GET - Retrieves a value and stores it as a scalar parameter or part of an array parameter.
*GO - Causes a specified line on the input file to be read next.
*IF - Conditionally causes commands to be read.
/INQUIRE - Returns system information to a parameter.
/MAIL - Mails file to the specifed address.
*MFOURI - Calculates the coefficients for, or evaluates, a Fourier series.
*MFUN - Copies or transposes an array parameter matrix.
/MKDIR - Creates a directory.
*MOPER - Performs matrix operations on array parameter matrices.
*MSG - Writes an output message via the ANSYS message subroutine.
*MWRITE - Writes a matrix to a file in a formatted sequence.
PARRES - Reads parameters from a file.
PARSAV - Writes parameters to a file.
/PMACRO - Specifies that macro contents be written to the session log file.
/PSEARCH - Specifies a directory to be searched for "unknown command" macro files.
*REPEAT - Repeats the previous command.
*RETURN - Returns input stream to a higher level.
/RMDIR - Removes (deletes) a directory.
*SET - Assigns values to user-named parameters.
*SREAD - Reads a file into a string array parameter.
*STATUS - Lists the current parameters and abbreviations.
*TAXIS - Defines table index numbers.
/TEE - Writes a list of commands to a specified file at the same time that the commands are being executed.
*TOPER - Operates on table parameters.
*TREAD - Reads data from an external file into a table array parameter.
/UCMD - Assigns a user-defined command name.
*ULIB - Identifies a macro library file.
*USE - Executes a macro file.
*VABS - Applies the absolute value function to array parameters.
*VCOL - Specifies the number of columns in matrix operations.
*VCUM - Allows array parameter results to add to existing results.
*VEDIT - Allows numerical array parameters to be graphically edited.
*VFACT - Applies a scale factor to array parameters.
*VFILL - Fills an array parameter.
*VFUN - Performs a function on a single array parameter.
*VGET - Retrieves values and stores them into an array parameter.
*VITRP - Forms an array parameter by interpolation of a table.
*VLEN - Specifies the number of rows to be used in array parameter operations.
*VMASK - Specifies an array parameter as a masking vector.
*VOPER - Operates on two array parameters.
*VPLOT - Graphs columns (vectors) of array parameters.
*VPUT - Restores array parameter values into the ANSYS database.
*VREAD - Reads data and produces an array parameter vector or matrix.
*VSCFUN - Determines properties of an array parameter.
*VSTAT - Lists the current specifications for the array parameters.
*VWRITE - Writes data to a file in a formatted sequence.
/WAIT - Causes a delay before the reading of the next command.
A. APDL Gateway Commands
B. GET Function Summary
Troubleshooting Guide
1. Introduction
2. ANSYS Error Messages
ANSYS Tutorials
Welcome to the ANSYS Tutorials
1. Start Here
1.1. About These Tutorials
1.1.1. Preparing Your Screen
1.1.2. Formats and Conventions Used
1.1.3. Jobnames and Preferences
1.1.4. Choosing a Tutorial
1.2. Glossary
1.2.1. ANSYS ED Program
1.2.2. ANSYS Features Demonstrated
1.2.3. Analysis Options
1.2.4. Analysis Type
1.2.5. Applicable ANSYS Products
1.2.6. Applicable Help Available
1.2.7. Boolean Operations
1.2.8. Direct Element Generation
1.2.9. Discipline
1.2.10. Element Options
1.2.11. Element Types Used
1.2.12. Gaussian Distribution
1.2.13. Higher-Order Elements
1.2.14. Interactive Time Required
1.2.15. Jobname
1.2.16. Latin Hypercube Sampling
1.2.17. Level of Difficulty
1.2.18. Lognormal Distribution
1.2.19. Material Properties
1.2.20. Monte Carlo
1.2.21. Plane Stress
1.2.22. Postprocessing
1.2.23. Preferences
1.2.24. Preprocessing
1.2.25. Primitives
1.2.26. Probabilistic Analysis File
1.2.27. Probabilistic Design
1.2.28. Probabilistic Simulation
1.2.29. Random Input Variables
1.2.30. Random Output Parameters
1.2.31. Real Constants
1.2.32. Solution
1.2.33. Standard Deviation
1.2.34. Uniform Distribution
1.2.35. Working Plane (WP)
2. Structural Tutorial
2.1. Static Analysis of a Corner Bracket
2.1.1. Problem Specification
2.1.2. Problem Description
2.1.3. Build Geometry
2.1.4. Define Materials
2.1.5. Generate Mesh
2.1.6. Apply Loads
2.1.7. Obtain Solution
2.1.8. Review Results
3. Thermal Tutorial
3.1. Solidification of a Casting
3.1.1. Problem Specification
3.1.2. Problem Description
3.1.3. Prepare for a Thermal Analysis
3.1.4. Input Geometry
3.1.5. Define Materials
3.1.6. Generate Mesh
3.1.7. Apply Loads
3.1.8. Obtain Solution
3.1.9. Review Results
4. Electromagnetics Tutorial
4.1. Magnetic Analysis of a Solenoid Actuator
4.1.1. Problem Specification
4.1.2. Problem Description
4.1.3. Input Geometry
4.1.4. Define Materials
4.1.5. Generate Mesh
4.1.6. Apply Loads
4.1.7. Obtain Solution
4.1.8. Review Results
5. CFD Tutorial
5.1. Laminar and Turbulent Flow Analyses in a 2-D Duct
5.1.1. Problem Specification
5.1.2. Problem Description
5.1.3. Preprocessing (Laminar Analysis)
5.1.4. Solution (Laminar Analysis)
5.1.5. Postprocessing (Laminar Analysis)
5.1.6. Solution (Laminar Analysis with Change in Inlet Velocity)
5.1.7. Postprocessing (Laminar Analysis Using New Inlet Velocity)
5.1.8. Preprocessing (Laminar Analysis with Increase in Duct Length)
5.1.9. Solution (Laminar Analysis Using New Duct Length)
5.1.10. Postprocessing (Laminar Analysis Using New Duct Length)
5.1.11. Solution (Turbulent Analysis)
5.1.12. Postprocessing (Turbulent Analysis)
6. Micro-Electromechanical System (MEMS) Tutorial
6.1. Multiphysics Analysis of a Thermal Actuator
6.1.1. Problem Specification
6.1.2. Problem Description
6.1.3. Import Geometry
6.1.4. Define Materials
6.1.5. Generate Mesh
6.1.6. Apply Loads
6.1.7. Obtain Solution
6.1.8. Review Results
7. Explicit Dynamics Tutorial
7.1. Drop Test of a Container (Explicit Dynamics)
7.1.1. Problem Specification
7.1.2. Problem Description
7.1.3. Define Analysis Type
7.1.4. Input Geometry
7.1.5. Define Element Type, Real Constants, Material Model Properties
7.1.6. Generate Mesh
7.1.7. Apply Loads
7.1.8. Obtain Solution
7.1.9. Review Results
8. Contact Tutorial
8.1. Interference Fit and Pin Pull-Out Contact Analysis
8.1.1. Problem Specification
8.1.2. Problem Description
8.1.3. Input Geometry
8.1.4. Define Material Property and Element Type
8.1.5. Generate Mesh
8.1.6. Specify Solution Criteria
8.1.7. Load Step 1
8.1.8. Load Step 2
8.1.9. Postprocessing
9. Modal Tutorial
9.1. Modal Analysis of a Model Airplane Wing
9.1.1. Problem Specification
9.1.2. Problem Description
9.1.3. Input Geometry
9.1.4. Define Materials
9.1.5. Generate Mesh
9.1.6. Apply Loads
9.1.7. Obtain Solution
9.1.8. Review Results
10. Probabilistic Design System (PDS) Tutorial
10.1. Probabilistic Design of a Simple Plate with a Single Force Load
10.1.1. Problem Specification
10.1.2. Problem Description
10.1.3. Specify Analysis File
10.1.4. Define Input and Output
10.1.5. Obtain Solution
10.1.6. Perform Postprocessing
10.1.7. Generate Report
11. ANIMATE Program
ANSYS LS-DYNA User's Guide
1. Introduction
1.1. Overview of Steps in an Explicit Dynamic Analysis
1.2. Commands Used in an Explicit Dynamic Analysis
1.3. A Guide to Using this Document
1.4. Where to Find Explicit Dynamics Example Problems
1.5. Additional Information
2. Elements
2.1. Solid and Shell Elements
2.1.1. SOLID164
2.1.2. SHELL163
2.1.3. PLANE162
2.1.4. SOLID168
2.2. Beam and Link Elements
2.2.1. BEAM161
2.2.2. LINK160
2.2.3. LINK167
2.3. Discrete Elements
2.3.1. COMBI165 Spring-Damper
2.3.2. MASS166
2.4. General Element Capabilities
3. Analysis Procedure
3.1. Build the Model
3.1.1. Define Element Types and Real Constants
3.1.2. Specify Material Properties
3.1.3. Define the Model Geometry
3.1.4. Mesh the Model
3.1.5. Define Contact Surfaces
3.1.6. General Modeling Guidelines
3.2. Apply Loads and Obtain the Solution
3.2.1. Loads
3.2.2. Initial Velocities
3.2.3. Constraints
3.2.4. DOF Coupling
3.2.5. Data Smoothing
3.2.6. Specify Explicit Dynamics Controls
3.2.7. Save Database and Solve
3.3. Review the Results
3.4. The Definition of Part
3.4.1. Part Assemblies
3.5. Adaptive Meshing
4. Loading
4.1. General Loading Options
4.1.1. Components
4.1.2. Array Parameters
4.1.3. Applying Loads
4.1.4. Data Curves
4.1.5. Defining Loads in a Local Coordinate System
4.1.6. Specifying Birth and Death Times
4.2. Constraints and Initial Conditions
4.2.1. Constraints
4.2.2. Welds
4.2.3. Initial Velocity
4.3. Coupling and Constraint Equations
4.4. Nonreflecting Boundaries
4.5. Temperature Loading
4.6. Dynamic Relaxation
5. Solution Features
5.1. Solution Process
5.2. LS-DYNA Termination Controls
5.3. LS-DYNA Parallel Processing Capabilities
5.3.1. Shared Memory Parallel Processing
5.3.2. Massively Parallel Processing
5.4. Double Precision LS-DYNA
5.5. Solution Control and Monitoring
5.6. Plotting Small Elements
5.7. Editing the LS-DYNA Input File
5.7.1. Using a Preexisting File.K
6. Contact Surfaces
6.1. Contact Definitions
6.1.1. Listing, Plotting and Deleting Contact Entities
6.2. Contact Options
6.2.1. Definition of Contact Types
6.2.2. Definition of Contact Options
6.3. Contact Search Methods
6.3.1. Mesh Connectivity Tracking
6.3.2. Bucket Sort Method
6.3.3. Limiting the Contact Search Domain
6.4. Special Considerations for Shells
6.5. Controlling Contact Depth
6.6. Contact Stiffness
6.6.1. Choice of Penalty Factor
6.6.2. Symmetry Stiffness
6.7. 2-D Contact Option
7. Material Models
7.1. Defining Explicit Dynamics Material Models
7.2. Explicit Dynamics Material Model Descriptions
7.2.1. Linear Elastic Models
7.2.2. Nonlinear Elastic Models
7.2.3. Nonlinear Inelastic Models
7.2.4. Pressure Dependent Plasticity Models
7.2.5. Foam Models
7.2.6. Equation of State Models
7.2.7. Discrete Element Models
7.2.8. Other Models
8. Rigid Bodies
8.1. Defining Rigid Bodies
8.2. Specifying Inertia Properties
8.3. Loading
8.4. Switching Parts from Deformable to Rigid
8.5. Nodal Rigid Bodies
9. Hourglassing
10. Mass Scaling
11. Subcycling
12. Postprocessing
12.1. Output Controls
12.1.1. Results (Jobname.RST) vs. History (Jobname.HIS) Files
12.1.2. Creating Components for POST26
12.1.3. Writing the Output Files for POST26
12.2. Using POST1 with ANSYS LS-DYNA
12.2.1. Animating Results
12.2.2. Element Output Data
12.2.3. Postprocessing after Adaptive Meshing
12.3. Using POST26 with ANSYS LS-DYNA
12.3.1. Nodal and Element Solutions
12.3.2. Reading ASCII Files for Miscellaneous Output Data
12.3.3. Data Smoothing
12.4. Finding Additional Information
13. Restarting
13.1. The Restart Dump File
13.2. The EDSTART Command
13.2.1. A New Analysis
13.2.2. A Simple Restart
13.2.3. A Small Restart
13.2.4. A Full Restart
13.3. Effect on Output Files
14. Explicit-to-Implicit Sequential Solution
14.1. Performing an Explicit-to-Implicit Sequential Solution
14.2. Troubleshooting a Springback Analysis
14.2.1. Springback Stabilization
15. Implicit-to-Explicit Sequential Solution
15.1. Structural Implicit-to-Explicit Solution for Preload
15.1.1. Special Considerations for Thermal Loading
15.2. Thermal Implicit-to-Explicit Solution
16. Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Formulation
16.1. Performing an ALE Analysis
17. Drop Test Module
17.1. Starting ANSYS With the Drop Test Module
17.2. Typical Drop Test Procedure
17.2.1. Basic Drop Test Analysis Procedure
17.2.2. Screen Coordinates Definition
17.2.3. Additional Notes on the Use of the DTM
17.3. Advanced DTM Features
17.3.1. Object Initial Velocity
17.3.2. Modifying the Target
17.4. Drop Test Set-up Dialog Box
17.4.1. Using the Drop Test Set-up Dialog Box
17.4.2. Basic Tab of the Drop Test Set-up Dialog Box
17.4.3. Velocity Tab of the Drop Test Set-up Dialog Box
17.4.4. Target Tab of the Drop Test Set-up Dialog Box
17.4.5. Status Tab of the Drop Test Set-up Dialog Box
17.5. Picking Nodes
17.6. Postprocessing - Animation
17.7. Postprocessing - Graph and List Time-History Variables
A. Comparison of Implicit and Explicit Methods
A.1. Time Integration
A.1.1. Implicit Time Integration
A.1.2. Explicit Time Integration
A.2. Stability Limit
A.2.1. Implicit Method
A.2.2. Explicit Method
A.3. Critical Time Step Size of a Rod
A.4. ANSYS LS-DYNA Time Step Size
B. Material Model Examples
B.1. ANSYS LS-DYNA Material Models
B.2. Material Model Examples
B.2.1. Isotropic Elastic Example: High Carbon Steel
B.2.2. Orthotropic Elastic Example: Aluminum Oxide
B.2.3. Anisotropic Elastic Example: Cadmium
B.2.4. Blatz-Ko Example: Rubber
B.2.5. Mooney-Rivlin Example: Rubber
B.2.6. Viscoelastic Example: Glass
B.2.7. Bilinear Isotropic Plasticity Example: Nickel Alloy
B.2.8. Transversely Anisotropic Elastic Plastic Example: 1010 Steel
B.2.9. Transversely Anisotropic FLD Example: Stainless Steel
B.2.10. Bilinear Kinematic Plasticity Example: Titanium Alloy
B.2.11. Plastic Kinematic Example: 1018 Steel
B.2.12. 3 Parameter Barlat Example: Aluminum 5182
B.2.13. Barlat Anisotropic Plasticity Example: 2008-T4 Aluminum
B.2.14. Rate Sensitive Powerlaw Plasticity Example: A356 Aluminum
B.2.15. Strain Rate Dependent Plasticity Example: 4140 Steel
B.2.16. Piecewise Linear Plasticity Example: High Carbon Steel
B.2.17. Modified Piecewise Linear Plasticity Example: PVC
B.2.18. Powerlaw Plasticity Example: Aluminum 1100
B.2.19. Elastic Viscoplastic Thermal Example
B.2.20. Geological Cap Example: SRI Dynamic Concrete
B.2.21. Johnson-Cook Linear Polynomial EOS Example: 1006 Steel
B.2.22. Johnson-Cook Gruneisen EOS Example: OFHC Copper
B.2.23. Null Material Linear Polynomial EOS Example: Brass
B.2.24. Null Material Gruneisen EOS Example: Aluminum
B.2.25. Steinberg Gruneisen EOS Example: Stainless Steel
B.2.26. Cable Material Example: Steel
B.2.27. Rigid Material Example: Steel
C. ANSYS LS-DYNA to LS-DYNA Command Mapping
D. Thermal/Structural Preload Example
Bibliography
ANSYS Connection User's Guide
1. Introduction to the Connection Functionality
1.1. Software Requirements
1.2. Importing Multiple Files (Create ANSYS Database)
1.3. Getting Started: Import a CAD File
2. Importing Parts and Models
2.1. CATIA V4
2.2. CATIA V5
2.3. Parasolid
2.3.1. Importing a Parasolid File
2.3.2. Parasolid Specific Attributes
2.4. Pro/ENGINEER
2.5. SAT
2.6. Unigraphics
2.6.1. Additional Output Files from Unigraphics Conversions
2.6.2. Environment Variables for Unigraphics
3. Starting ANSYS from Pro/ENGINEER and Unigraphics
3.1. Launching from Pro/ENGINEER
3.1.1. UNIX System Configuration for Connection Functionality for Pro/ENGINEER
3.1.2. Windows System Configuration for Connection Functionality for Pro/ENGINEER
3.1.3. Launching ANSYS from Pro/ENGINEER
3.1.4. Modifying ANSYS Settings from Pro/ENGINEER
3.1.5. Troubleshooting Connection Problems
3.2. Launching from Unigraphics (UNIX Only)
3.2.1. Configuring Unigraphics
3.2.2. Modifying ANSYS Settings from Unigraphics
4. Importing a Unigraphics Part Tutorial
A. Setting ANSYS Configuration Parameters
B. Troubleshooting ANSYS Connection Issues
B.1. General Troubleshooting
B.2. License Troubleshooting
B.3. Shared Library Problems
B.4. Configuration Errors for Pro/ENGINEER and Unigraphics Users
B.5. Troubleshooting Part Import
B.5.1. Problems Specific to the Connection for Parasolid
B.5.2. Problems Specific to the Connection for Pro/ENGINEER
B.5.3. Problems Specific to the Connection for SAT
B.5.4. Problems Specific to the Connection for Unigraphics
Verification Manual
I. Verification Test Case Descriptions
1. Introduction
1.1. Program Overview
1.2. Program Verification
1.3. Finding Test Cases of Interest
1.4. Accessing Test Case Inputs
1.5. Verification Manual Versus Other Manuals
1.6. Verification Manual Contents
1.7. Theoretical Solutions
1.8. Test Case Selection and Method of Solution
1.9. Numerical Comparisons
1.10. References
1.11. Test Case Format
1.12. Symbols and Nomenclature
1.13. Memory Requirements and Run Times
1.14. Abbreviation, Element, and Product Lists
1.14.1. Abbreviation and Symbol List
1.14.2. Units Abbreviation List
1.14.3. Index by Element Number
VM1 - Statically Indeterminate Reaction Force Analysis
VM2 - Beam Stresses and Deflections
VM3 - Thermally Loaded Support Structure
VM4 - Deflection of a Hinged Support
VM5 - Laterally Loaded Tapered Support Structure
VM6 - Pinched Cylinder
VM7 - Plastic Compression of a Pipe Assembly
VM8 - Parametric Calculation of Point-to-Point Distances
VM9 - Large Lateral Deflection of Unequal Stiffness Springs
VM10 - Bending of a Tee-Shaped Beam
VM11 - Residual Stress Problem
VM12 - Combined Bending and Torsion
VM13 - Cylindrical Shell Under Pressure
VM14 - Large Deflection Eccentric Compression of a Column
VM15 - Bending of a Circular Plate Using Axisymmetric Elements
VM16 - Bending of a Solid Beam (Plane Elements)
VM17 - Snap-Through Buckling of a Hinged Shell
VM18 - Out-of-Plane Bending of a Curved Bar
VM19 - Random Vibration Analysis of a Deep Simply-Supported Beam
VM20 - Cylindrical Membrane Under Pressure
VM21 - Tie Rod with Lateral Loading
VM22 - Small Deflection of a Belleville Spring
VM23 - Thermal-structural Contact of Two Bodies
VM24 - Plastic Hinge in a Rectangular Beam
VM25 - Stresses in a Long Cylinder
VM26 - Large Deflection of a Cantilever
VM27 - Thermal Expansion to Close a Gap
VM28 - Transient Heat Transfer in an Infinite Slab
VM29 - Friction on a Support Block
VM30 - Solid Model of Surface Fillet
VM31 - Cable Supporting Hanging Loads
VM32 - Thermal Stresses in a Long Cylinder
VM33 - Transient Thermal Stress in a Cylinder
VM34 - Bending of a Tapered Plate (Beam)
VM35 - Bimetallic Layered Cantilever Plate with Thermal Loading
VM36 - Limit Moment Analysis
VM37 - Elongation of a Solid Bar
VM38 - Plastic Loading of a Thick-Walled Cylinder
VM39 - Bending of a Circular Plate with a Center Hole
VM40 - Large Deflection and Rotation of a Beam Pinned at One End
VM41 - Small Deflection of a Rigid Beam
VM42 - Barrel Vault Roof Under Self Weight
VM43 - Bending of an Axisymmetric Thick Pipe
VM44 - Bending of an Axisymmetric Thin Pipe
VM45 - Natural Frequency of a Spring-Mass System
VM46 - Flow Between Rotating Concentric Cylinders
VM47 - Torsional Frequency of a Suspended Disk
VM48 - Natural Frequency of a Motor-Generator
VM49 - Electrostatic Field Analysis of Quadpole Wires
VM50 - Fundamental Frequency of a Simply Supported Beam
VM51 - Electrostatic Forces Between Charged Spheres
VM52 - Automobile Suspension System Vibration
VM53 - Vibration of a String Under Tension
VM54 - Vibration of a Rotating Cantilever Blade
VM55 - Vibration of a Stretched Circular Membrane
VM56 - Hyperelastic Thick Cylinder Under Internal Pressure
VM57 - Torsional Frequencies of a Drill Pipe
VM58 - Centerline Temperature of a Heat Generating Wire
VM59 - Lateral Vibration of an Axially-loaded Bar
VM60 - Natural Frequency of a Cross-ply Laminated Shell
VM61 - Longitudinal Vibration of a Free-free Rod
VM62 - Vibration of a Wedge
VM63 - Static Hertz Contact Problem
VM64 - Thermal Expansion to Close a Gap at a Rigid Surface
VM65 - Transient Response of a Ball Impacting a Flexible Surface
VM66 - Vibration of a Flat Plate
VM67 - Radial Vibrations of a Circular Ring
VM68 - PSD Response of a Two DOF Spring-mass System
VM69 - Seismic Response
VM70 - Seismic Response of a Beam Structure
VM71 - Transient Response of a Spring-Mass-Damper System
VM72 - Logarithmic Decrement
VM73 - Free Vibration with Coulomb Damping
VM74 - Transient Response to an Impulsive Excitation
VM75 - Transient Response to a Step Excitation
VM76 - Harmonic Response of a Guitar String
VM77 - Transient Response to a Constant Force
VM78 - Transverse Shear Stresses in a Cantilever Beam
VM79 - Transient Response of a Bilinear Spring Assembly
VM80 - Plastic Response to a Suddenly Applied Constant Force
VM81 - Transient Response of a Drop Container
VM82 - Simply Supported Laminated Plate Under Pressure
VM83 - Impact of a Block on a Spring Scale
VM84 - Displacement Propagation Along a Bar with Free Ends
VM85 - Transient Displacements in a Suddenly Stopped Moving Bar
VM86 - Harmonic Response of a Dynamic System
VM87 - Equivalent Structural Damping
VM88 - Response of an Eccentric Weight Exciter
VM89 - Natural Frequencies of a Two-mass-spring System
VM90 - Harmonic Response of a Two-Mass-Spring System
VM91 - Large Rotation of a Swinging Pendulum
VM92 - Insulated Wall Temperature
VM93 - Temperature Dependent Conductivity
VM94 - Heat-generating Plate
VM95 - Heat Transfer from a Cooling Spine
VM96 - Temperature Distribution in a Short, Solid Cylinder
VM97 - Temperature Distribution Along a Straight Fin
VM98 - Temperature Distribution Along a Tapered Fin
VM99 - Temperature Distribution in a Trapezoidal Fin
VM100 - Heat Conduction Across a Chimney Section
VM101 - Temperature Distribution in a Short Solid Cylinder
VM102 - Cylinder with Temperature Dependent Conductivity
VM103 - Thin Plate with Central Heat Source
VM104 - Liquid-Solid Phase Change
VM105 - Heat Generating Coil with Temperature Conductivity
VM106 - Radiant Energy Emission
VM107 - Thermocouple Radiation
VM108 - Temperature Gradient Across a Solid Cylinder
VM109 - Temperature Response of a Suddenly Cooled Wire
VM110 - Transient Temperature Distribution in a Slab
VM111 - Cooling of a Spherical Body
VM112 - Cooling of a Spherical Body
VM113 - Transient Temperature Distribution in an Orthotropic Metal Bar
VM114 - Temperature Response to Increasing Temperature
VM115 - Thermal Response of a Heat-generating Slab
VM116 - Heat Conducting Plate with Sudden Cooling
VM117 - Electric Current Flowing in a Network
VM118 - Centerline Temperature of a Heat-generating Wire
VM119 - Centerline Temperature of an Electrical Wire
VM120 - Microstrip Transmission Line Capacitance
VM121 - Laminar Flow Through a Pipe with Uniform Heat Flux
VM122 - Pressure Drop in a Turbulent Flowing Fluid
VM123 - Laminar Flow in a Piping System
VM124 - Discharge of Water from a Reservoir
VM125 - Radiation Heat Transfer Between Concentric Cylinders
VM126 - Heat Transferred to a Flowing Fluid
VM127 - Buckling of a Bar with Hinged Ends (Line Elements)
VM128 - Buckling of a Bar with Hinged Ends (Area Elements)
VM129 - Numerical Differentiation and Integration
VM130 - Fourier Series Generation for a Saw Tooth Wave
VM131 - Acceleration of a Rotating Crane Boom
VM132 - Stress Relaxation of a Tightened Bolt Due to Creep
VM133 - Motion of a Rod Due to Irradiation Induced Creep
VM134 - Plastic Bending of a Clamped I-Beam
VM135 - Bending of a Beam on an Elastic Foundation
VM136 - Large Deflection of a Buckled Bar (the Elastica)
VM137 - Large Deflection of a Circular Membrane
VM138 - Large Deflection Bending of a Circular Plate
VM139 - Bending of a Long Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Plate
VM140 - Stretching, Twisting and Bending of a Long Shaft
VM141 - Diametral Compression of a Disk
VM142 - Stress Concentration At a Hole in a Plate
VM143 - Fracture Mechanics Stress for a Crack in a Plate
VM144 - Bending of a Composite Beam
VM145 - Stretching of an Orthotropic Solid
VM146 - Bending of a Reinforced Concrete Beam
VM147 - Gray-Body Radiation within a Frustum of a Cone
VM148 - Bending of a Parabolic Beam
VM149 - Rotation of a Tank of Fluid
VM150 - Acceleration of a Tank of Fluid
VM151 - Nonaxisymmetric Vibration of a Circular Plate
VM152 - 2-D Nonaxisymmetric Vibration of a Stretched Membrane
VM153 - 3-D Nonaxisymmetric Vibration of a Stretched Membrane
VM154 - Vibration of a Fluid Coupling
VM155 - Shape Optimization of a Cantilever Beam
VM156 - Natural Frequency of a Nonlinear Spring-Mass System
VM157 - Optimization of a Frame Structure
VM158 - Motion of a Bobbing Buoy
VM159 - Temperature-controlled Heater
VM160 - Solid Cylinder with Harmonic Temperature Load
VM161 - Heat Flow From an Insulated Pipe
VM162 - Cooling of a Circular Fin of Rectangular Profile
VM163 - Groundwater Seepage (Permeability Analogy)
VM164 - Drying of a Thick Wooden Slab (Diffusion Analogy)
VM165 - Current-Carrying Ferromagnetic Conductor
VM166 - Long Cylinder in a Sinusoidal Magnetic Field
VM167 - Transient Eddy Currents in a Semi-Infinite Solid
VM168 - Magnetic Field in a Nonferrous Solenoid
VM169 - Permanent Magnet Circuit With an Air Gap
VM170 - Magnetic Field From a Square Current Loop
VM171 - Permanent Magnet Circuit With an Elastic Keeper
VM172 - Stress Analysis of a Long, Thick, Isotropic Solenoid
VM173 - Centerline Temperature of an Electrical Wire
VM174 - Bimetallic Beam Under Thermal Load
VM175 - Natural Frequency of a Piezoelectric Transducer
VM176 - Frequency Response of Electrical Input Admittance
VM177 - Natural Frequency of a Submerged Ring
VM178 - Plane Poiseuille Flow
VM179 - Dynamic Double Rotation of a Jointed Beam
VM180 - Bending of a Curved Beam
VM181 - Natural Frequency of a Flat Circular Plate
VM182 - Transient Response of a Spring-mass System
VM183 - Harmonic Response of a Spring-mass System
VM184 - Straight Cantilever Beam
VM185 - AC Analysis of a Slot Embedded Conductor
VM186 - Transient Analysis of a Slot Embedded Conductor
VM187 - Bending of a Curved Beam
VM188 - Force Calculation on a Current Carrying Conductor
VM189 - Hollow Sphere in a Uniform Magnetic Field
VM190 - Ferromagnetic Inductor
VM191 - Hertz Contact Between Two Cylinders
VM192 - Cooling of a Billet by Radiation
VM193 - Adaptive Analysis of 2-D Heat Transfer with Convection
VM194 - Element Birth/Death in a Fixed Bar
VM195 - Toggle Mechanism
VM196 - Counter-Balanced Loads on a Block
VM197 - IGES Write/Read for Thick-Walled Cylinder
VM198 - Large Strain In-plane Torsion Test
VM199 - Viscoplastic Analysis of a Body (Shear Deformation)
VM200 - Viscoelastic Sandwich Seal Analysis
VM201 - Rubber Cylinder Pressed Between Two Plates
VM202 - Transverse Vibrations of a Shear Beam
VM203 - Dynamic Load Effect on Supported Thick Plate
VM204 - Solid Model of an Axial Bearing
VM205 - Adaptive Analysis of an Elliptic Membrane
VM206 - Stranded Coil with Voltage Excitation
VM207 - Stranded Coil Excited by External Circuit
VM208 - RL Circuit with Controlled Source
VM209 - Multiple Species Flow Entering a Circular Pipe
VM210 - Pyramid Validation of Tetrahedron to Hexahedron
VM211 - Rubber Cylinder Pressed Between Two Plates
VM212 - Modal Analysis of a Rectangular Cavity
VM213 - Harmonic Response Analysis of a Coaxial Cable
VM214 - Harmonic Response of a Rectangular Waveguide
VM215 - Thermal-Electric Hemispherical Shell with Hole
VM216 - Lateral Buckling of a Right Angle Frame
VM217 - Portal Frame Under Symmetric Loading
VM218 - Hyperelastic Circular Plate
VM219 - Non-Newtonian Pressure Driven Sector Flow
VM220 - Eddy Current Loss in Thick Steel Plate
VM221 - Inductance Calculation of a Transformer
VM222 - Warping Torsion Bar
VM223 - Electro-Thermal Microactuator Analysis
VM224 - Implicit Creep under Biaxial Load
VM225 - Rectangular Cross-Section Bar with Preload
VM226 - Fourier Series Analysis of a Diode Rectified Circuit
VM227 - Radiation Between Finite Coaxial Cylinders
VM228 - Radiation Between Infinite Coaxial Cylinders
VM229 - Friction Heating of Sliding Block
VM230 - Analytical Verification of PDS Results
VM231 - Piezoelectric Rectangular Strip Under Pure Bending Load
VM232 - PDS Response Surface Study
VM233 - Static Force Computation of a 3-D Solenoid Actuator
VM234 - Cyclic Loading of a Rubber Block
VM235 - Frequency Response of a Prestressed Beam
VM236 - Hysteresis Calculation of a Beam Under Electrostatic Load
VM237 - RLC Circuit with Piezoelectric Transducer
VM238 - Wheatstone Bridge Connection of Piezoresistors
VM239 - Mechanics of the Revolute and Universal Joints
VM240 - Thermal Expansion of Rigid Beams in a Composite Bar
VM241 - Static Force Computation of a 3-D Solenoid Actuator
VM242 - Series Expansion Study of an Annular Plate
VM243 - Cantilever Beam with Triangular Loading Defined by Function
VM244 - Modal Analysis of a Cyclic Symmetric Annular Plate
VM245 - Squeeze Film Damping: Rectangular Plate
VM246 - Cyclic Analysis of an End-Loaded Hollow Cylindrical Cantilever Beam
VM247 - Campbell Diagrams and Critical Speeds Using Symmetric Bearings
VM248 - Delamination Analysis of Double Cantilever Beam
VM249 - Gasket Material Under Uniaxial Compression Loading - 2-D Analysis
VM250 - Gasket Material Under Uniaxial Compression Loading - 3-D Analysis
VM251 - Shape Memory Alloy Under Uniaxial Tension Load
VM252 - Gurson Bar-Necking Benchmark with Applied Displacement - 2-D Analysis
VM253 - Gurson Hydrostatic Tension Benchmark - 3-D Analysis
VM254 - Campbell Diagrams and Critical Speeds Using Symmetric Orthotropic Bearings
VM255 - Delamination Analysis of Double Cantilever Beam Using Contact Based Debonding Capability
VM256 - Fracture mechanics stress for a crack in a plate using CINT command
VM257 - Transient dynamic analysis of a swing comprising of two rigid links and a beam with midspan mass.
VM258 - Spin-up maneuver of a flexible beam.
A. Verification Test Case Input Listings
VM1 Input Listing
VM2 Input Listing
VM3 Input Listing
VM4 Input Listing
VM5 Input Listing
VM6 Input Listing
VM7 Input Listing
VM8 Input Listing
VM9 Input Listing
VM10 Input Listing
VM11 Input Listing
VM12 Input Listing
VM13 Input Listing
VM14 Input Listing
VM15 Input Listing
VM16 Input Listing
VM17 Input Listing
VM18 Input Listing
VM19 Input Listing
VM20 Input Listing
VM21 Input Listing
VM22 Input Listing
VM23 Input Listing
VM24 Input Listing
VM25 Input Listing
VM26 Input Listing
VM27 Input Listing
VM28 Input Listing
VM29 Input Listing
VM30 Input Listing
VM31 Input Listing
VM32 Input Listing
VM33 Input Listing
VM34 Input Listing
VM35 Input Listing
VM36 Input Listing
VM37 Input Listing
VM38 Input Listing
VM39 Input Listing
VM40 Input Listing
VM41 Input Listing
VM42 Input Listing
VM43 Input Listing
VM44 Input Listing
VM45 Input Listing
VM46 Input Listing
VM47 Input Listing
VM48 Input Listing
VM49 Input Listing
VM50 Input Listing
VM51 Input Listing
VM52 Input Listing
VM53 Input Listing
VM54 Input Listing
VM55 Input Listing
VM56 Input Listing
VM57 Input Listing
VM58 Input Listing
VM59 Input Listing
VM60 Input Listing
VM61 Input Listing
VM62 Input Listing
VM63 Input Listing
VM64 Input Listing
VM65 Input Listing
VM66 Input Listing
VM67 Input Listing
VM68 Input Listing
VM69 Input Listing
VM70 Input Listing
VM71 Input Listing
VM72 Input Listing
VM73 Input Listing
VM74 Input Listing
VM75 Input Listing
VM76 Input Listing
VM77 Input Listing
VM78 Input Listing
VM79 Input Listing
VM80 Input Listing
VM81 Input Listing
VM82 Input Listing
VM83 Input Listing
VM84 Input Listing
VM85 Input Listing
VM86 Input Listing
VM87 Input Listing
VM88 Input Listing
VM89 Input Listing
VM90 Input Listing
VM91 Input Listing
VM92 Input Listing
VM93 Input Listing
VM94 Input Listing
VM95 Input Listing
VM96 Input Listing
VM97 Input Listing
VM98 Input Listing
VM99 Input Listing
VM100 Input Listing
VM101 Input Listing
VM102 Input Listing
VM103 Input Listing
VM104 Input Listing
VM105 Input Listing
VM106 Input Listing
VM107 Input Listing
VM108 Input Listing
VM109 Input Listing
VM110 Input Listing
VM111 Input Listing
VM112 Input Listing
VM113 Input Listing
VM114 Input Listing
VM115 Input Listing
VM116 Input Listing
VM117 Input Listing
VM118 Input Listing
VM119 Input Listing
VM120 Input Listing
VM121 Input Listing
VM122 Input Listing
VM123 Input Listing
VM124 Input Listing
VM125 Input Listing
VM126 Input Listing
VM127 Input Listing
VM128 Input Listing
VM129 Input Listing
VM130 Input Listing
VM131 Input Listing
VM132 Input Listing
VM133 Input Listing
VM134 Input Listing
VM135 Input Listing
VM136 Input Listing
VM137 Input Listing
VM138 Input Listing
VM139 Input Listing
VM140 Input Listing
VM141 Input Listing
VM142 Input Listing
VM143 Input Listing
VM144 Input Listing
VM145 Input Listing
VM146 Input Listing
VM147 Input Listing
VM148 Input Listing
VM149 Input Listing
VM150 Input Listing
VM151 Input Listing
VM152 Input Listing
VM153 Input Listing
VM154 Input Listing
VM155 Input Listing
VM156 Input Listing
VM157 Input Listing
VM158 Input Listing
VM159 Input Listing
VM160 Input Listing
VM161 Input Listing
VM162 Input Listing
VM163 Input Listing
VM164 Input Listing
VM165 Input Listing
VM166 Input Listing
VM167 Input Listing
VM168 Input Listing
VM169 Input Listing
VM170 Input Listing
VM171 Input Listing
VM172 Input Listing
VM173 Input Listing
VM174 Input Listing
VM175 Input Listing
VM176 Input Listing
VM177 Input Listing
VM178 Input Listing
VM179 Input Listing
VM180 Input Listing
VM181 Input Listing
VM182 Input Listing
VM183 Input Listing
VM184 Input Listing
VM185 Input Listing
VM186 Input Listing
VM187 Input Listing
VM188 Input Listing
VM189 Input Listing
VM190 Input Listing
VM191 Input Listing
VM192 Input Listing
VM193 Input Listing
VM194 Input Listing
VM195 Input Listing
VM196 Input Listing
VM197 Input Listing
VM198 Input Listing
VM199 Input Listing
VM200 Input Listing
VM201 Input Listing
VM202 Input Listing
VM203 Input Listing
VM204 Input Listing
VM205 Input Listing
VM206 Input Listing
VM207 Input Listing
VM208 Input Listing
VM209 Input Listing
VM210 Input Listing
VM211 Input Listing
VM212 Input Listing
VM213 Input Listing
VM214 Input Listing
VM215 Input Listing
VM216 Input Listing
VM217 Input Listing
VM218 Input Listing
VM219 Input Listing
VM220 Input Listing
VM221 Input Listing
VM222 Input Listing
VM223 Input Listing
VM224 Input Listing
VM225 Input Listing
VM226 Input Listing
VM227 Input Listing
VM228 Input Listing
VM229 Input Listing
VM230 Input Listing
VM231 Input Listing
VM232 Input Listing
VM233 Input Listing
VM234 Input Listing
VM235 Input Listing
VM236 Input Listing
VM237 Input Listing
VM238 Input Listing
VM239 Input Listing
VM240 Input Listing
VM241 Input Listing
VM242 Input Listing
VM243 Input Listing
VM244 Input Listing
VM245 Input Listing
VM246 Input Listing
VM247 Input Listing
VM248 Input Listing
VM249 Input Listing
VM250 Input Listing
VM251 Input Listing
VM252 Input Listing
VM253 Input Listing
VM254 Input Listing
VM255 Input Listing
VM256 Input Listing
VM257 Input Listing
VM258 Input Listing
II. Benchmark Study Descriptions
2. Overview
2.1. Description of the Benchmark Studies
2.2. Benchmark Test Case Content and Nomenclature
2.3. Running the Benchmark Test Cases
2.4. Energy Norm
2.5. Benchmark Test Case Coverage Index
Benchmark C1 - Built-In Plate Under Uniformly Distributed Load
Benchmark C2 - Elliptic Membrane Under a Uniformly Load
Benchmark C3 - Barrel Vault Roof Under Self Weight
Benchmark C4 - Simply-Supported Thin Annular Plate
Benchmark C5 - Simply-Supported Solid Square Plate
Benchmark C6 - 2-D Heat Transfer With Convection
Benchmark C7 - One-Dimensional Transient Heat Transfer
Benchmark C8 - Aluminum Bar Impacting a Rigid Boundary
Benchmark D1 - Straight Cantilever Beam Under Unit Load
Benchmark D2 - Barrel Vault Roof Under Self Weight
Benchmark D3 - Free-Free Vibration of a Solid Beam
B. Benchmark Input Listings
Benchmark C1 Input Listing
Benchmark C2 Input Listing
Benchmark C3 Input Listing
Benchmark C4 Input Listing
Benchmark C5 Input Listing
Benchmark C6 Input Listing
Benchmark C7 Input Listing
Benchmark C8 Input Listing
Benchmark D1 Input Listing
Benchmark D2 Input Listing
Benchmark D3 Input Listing
III. ANSYS LS-DYNA Study Descriptions
3. ANSYS LS-DYNA Study Overview
VME1 - Response of Spring-Mass System to Step Input
VME2 - Drop Analysis of a Block Onto a Spring Scale
VME3 - Response of Spring-Mass-Damper System
VME4 - Undamped Vibration Absorber
VME5 - Pinned Bar Under Gravity Loading
VME6 - Projectile with Air Resistance
C. ANSYS LS-DYNA Input Listings
VME1 Input Listing
VME2 Input Listing
VME3 Input Listing
VME4 Input Listing
VME5 Input Listing
VME6 Input Listing
IV. NAFEMS Benchmarks
4. NAFEMS Benchmarks Overview
VMP09-T2 - Pin-ended double cross: In-plane vibration
VMP09-T4 - Cantilever with off-centre point masses
VMP09-T5 - Deep simply-supported beam
VMP09-T12 - Free thin square plate
VMP09-T15 - Clamped thin rhombic plate
VMP09-T33 - Free annular membrane
VMP09-T52 - Simply-supported 'solid' square plate
VMR027-3A - 2-D Plane Stress - Biaxial (negative) Load Secondary Creep
VMR027-3B - 2-D Plane Stress - Biaxial (negative) Displacement Secondary Creep
VMR027-4C - 2-D Plane Stress - Shear Loading Secondary Creep
VMR027-5B - 2-D Plane Strain - Biaxial Displacement Secondary Creep
VMR027-6B - 3-D - Triaxial Displacement Secondary Creep
VMR027-10A - 2-D Plane Stress - Biaxial (negative) Load Primary Creep
VMR027-10B - 2-D Plane Stress - Biaxial (negative) Displacement Primary Creep
VMR027-10C - 2-D Plane Stress - Biaxial (negative) Stepped Load - Primary Creep
VMR027-12B - 2-D Plane Stress - Uniaxial Displacement Primary-Secondary Creep
VMR027-12C - 2-D Plane Stress - Stepped Load Primary - Secondary Creep
VMR029-T1 - Elastic large deflection response of a z-shaped cantilever upper end load
VMR029-T4 - Lateral torsional buckling of an elastic cantilever subjected to transverse end load
VMR029-T5 - Large deflection of a curved elastic cantilever under transverse end load
VMR029-T7 - Large displacement elastic response of a hinged spherical shell under uniform pressure loading
VMR029-T9 - Large elastic deflection of a pinched hemispherical shell
VMR049-CR1 - Constant-Load Creep Benchmark
VMR049-CR2 - Constant-Displacement Creep Benchmark
VMR049-CR3 - Variable-Load Uniaxial Creep Benchmark
VMR049-CR4 - Pressurised Cylinder Creep Benchmark
VMR049-CR5 - Torsional Creep of Square Shaft
VMR049-CR6 - Thermally Induced Creep Benchmark
VMR049-PL1 - 2D Plane Strain Plasticity Benchmark
VMR049-PL2 - 2D Plane Stress Plasticity Benchmark
VMR049-PL3 - 3D Plasticity Benchmark
VMR049-PL5 - Pressurised Cylinder Plasticity Benchmark
D. NAFEMS Input Listings
VM-P09-t2 188 Input Listing
VM-P09-t2 189 Input Listing
VM-P09-t4 188 Input Listing
VM-P09-t4 189 Input Listing
VM-P09-t5 188 Input Listing
VM-P09-t5 189 Input Listing
VM-P09-t12 181 Input Listing
VM-P09-t12 281 Input Listing
VM-P09-t15 181 Input Listing
VM-P09-t15 281 Input Listing
VM-P09-t33 182 Input Listing
VM-P09-t33 183 Input Listing
VM-P09-t52 181 Input Listing
VM-P09-t52 185 Input Listing
VM-P09-t52 186 Input Listing
VM-P09-t52 187 Input Listing
VM-P09-t52 281 Input Listing
VM-R027-3A 181 Input Listing
VM-R027-3A 182 Input Listing
VM-R027-3A 183 Input Listing
VM-R027-3A 281 Input Listing
VM-R027-3B 181 Input Listing
VM-R027-3B 182 Input Listing
VM-R027-3B 183 Input Listing
VM-R027-3B 281 Input Listing
VM-R027-4C 181 Input Listing
VM-R027-4C 182 Input Listing
VM-R027-4C 183 Input Listing
VM-R027-4C 281 Input Listing
VM-R027-5B 182 Input Listing
VM-R027-5B 183 Input Listing
VM-R027-6B 185 Input Listing
VM-R027-6B 186 Input Listing
VM-R027-6B 187 Input Listing
VM-R027-10A 181 Input Listing
VM-R027-10A 182 Input Listing
VM-R027-10A 183 Input Listing
VM-R027-10A 281 Input Listing
VM-R027-10B 181 Input Listing
VM-R027-10B 182 Input Listing
VM-R027-10B 183 Input Listing
VM-R027-10B 281 Input Listing
VM-R027-10C 181 Input Listing
VM-R027-10C 182 Input Listing
VM-R027-10C 183 Input Listing
VM-R027-10C 281 Input Listing
VM-R027-12B 181 Input Listing
VM-R027-12B 182 Input Listing
VM-R027-12B 183 Input Listing
VM-R027-12B 281 Input Listing
VM-R027-12C 181 Input Listing
VM-R027-12C 182 Input Listing
VM-R027-12C 183 Input Listing
VM-R027-12C 281 Input Listing
VM-R029-t1 181 Input Listing
VM-R029-t1 185 Input Listing
VM-R029-t1 188 Input Listing
VM-R029-t1 189 Input Listing
VM-R029-t1 190 Input Listing
VM-R029-t1 281 Input Listing
VM-R029-t4 181 Input Listing
VM-R029-t4 185 Input Listing
VM-R029-t4 188 Input Listing
VM-R029-t4 189 Input Listing
VM-R029-t4 190 Input Listing
VM-R029-t4 281 Input Listing
VM-R029-t5 185 Input Listing
VM-R029-t5 188 Input Listing
VM-R029-t5 189 Input Listing
VM-R029-t5 190 Input Listing
VM-R029-t7 181 Input Listing
VM-R029-t7 185 Input Listing
VM-R029-t7 190 Input Listing
VM-R029-t7 281 Input Listing
VM-R029-t9 181 Input Listing
VM-R029-t9 185 Input Listing
VM-R029-t9 190 Input Listing
VM-R029-t9 281 Input Listing
VM-R049-1A 181 Input Listing
VM-R049-1A 182 Input Listing
VM-R049-1A 183 Input Listing
VM-R049-1A 281 Input Listing
VM-R049-1B 181 Input Listing
VM-R049-1B 182 Input Listing
VM-R049-1B 183 Input Listing
VM-R049-1B 281 Input Listing
VM-R049-1C 181 Input Listing
VM-R049-1C 182 Input Listing
VM-R049-1C 183 Input Listing
VM-R049-1C 281 Input Listing
VM-R049-2 181 Input Listing
VM-R049-2 182 Input Listing
VM-R049-2 183 Input Listing
VM-R049-2 185 Input Listing
VM-R049-2 187 Input Listing
VM-R049-2 281 Input Listing
VM-R049-3 181 Input Listing
VM-R049-3 182 Input Listing
VM-R049-3 183 Input Listing
VM-R049-3 281 Input Listing
VM-R049-4 182 Input Listing
VM-R049-4 183 Input Listing
VM-R049-5 185 Input Listing
VM-R049-5 186 Input Listing
VM-R049-5 187 Input Listing
VM-R049-6 182 Input Listing
VM-R049-6 183 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL1A 182 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL1A 183 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL1B 182 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL1B 183 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL2A 181 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL2A 182 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL2A 183 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL2A 281 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL2B 181 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL2B 182 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL2B 281 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL3A 185 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL3A 186 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL3A 187 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL3B 185 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL3B 186 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL3B 187 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL3B 190 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL5A 182 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL5A 183 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL5B 182 Input Listing
VM-R049-PL5B 183 Input Listing
Theory Reference for ANSYS and ANSYS Workbench
1. Introduction
1.1. Purpose of the Theory Reference
1.2. Understanding Theory Reference Notation
1.3. Applicable Products
1.3.1. ANSYS Products
1.3.2. ANSYS Workbench Products
1.4. Using the Theory Reference for the ANSYS Workbench Product
1.4.1. Elements Used by the ANSYS Workbench Product
1.4.2. Solvers Used by the ANSYS Workbench Product
1.4.3. Other Features
2. Structures
2.1. Structural Fundamentals
2.1.1. Stress-Strain Relationships
2.1.2. Orthotropic Material Transformation for Axisymmetric Models
2.1.3. Temperature-Dependent Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
2.2. Derivation of Structural Matrices
2.3. Structural Strain and Stress Evaluations
2.3.1. Integration Point Strains and Stresses
2.3.2. Surface Stresses
2.3.3. Shell Element Output
2.4. Combined Stresses and Strains
2.4.1. Combined Strains
2.4.2. Combined Stresses
2.4.3. Failure Criteria
2.4.4. Maximum Strain Failure Criteria
2.4.5. Maximum Stress Failure Criteria
2.4.6. Tsai-Wu Failure Criteria
2.4.7. Safety Tools in the ANSYS Workbench Product
3. Structures with Geometric Nonlinearities
3.1. Understanding Geometric Nonlinearities
3.2. Large Strain
3.2.1. Theory
3.2.2. Implementation
3.2.3. Definition of Thermal Strains
3.2.4. Element Formulation
3.2.5. Applicable Input
3.2.6. Applicable Output
3.3. Large Rotation
3.3.1. Theory
3.3.2. Implementation
3.3.3. Element Transformation
3.3.4. Deformational Displacements
3.3.5. Updating Rotations
3.3.6. Applicable Input
3.3.7. Applicable Output
3.3.8. Consistent Tangent Stiffness Matrix and Finite Rotation
3.4. Stress Stiffening
3.4.1. Overview and Usage
3.4.2. Theory
3.4.3. Implementation
3.4.4. Pressure Load Stiffness
3.4.5. Applicable Input
3.4.6. Applicable Output
3.5. Spin Softening
3.6. General Element Formulations
3.6.1. Fundamental Equations
3.6.2. Classical Pure Displacement Formulation
3.6.3. Mixed u-P Formulations
3.6.4. u-P Formulation I
3.6.5. u-P Formulation II
3.6.6. u-P Formulation III
3.6.7. Volumetric Constraint Equations in u-P Formulations
3.7. Constraints and Lagrange Multiplier Method
4. Structures with Material Nonlinearities
4.1. Understanding Material Nonlinearities
4.2. Rate-Independent Plasticity
4.2.1. Theory
4.2.2. Yield Criterion
4.2.3. Flow Rule
4.2.4. Hardening Rule
4.2.5. Plastic Strain Increment
4.2.6. Implementation
4.2.7. Elastoplastic Stress-Strain Matrix
4.2.8. Specialization for Hardening
4.2.9. Specification for Nonlinear Isotropic Hardening
4.2.10. Specialization for Bilinear Kinematic Hardening
4.2.11. Specialization for Multilinear Kinematic Hardening
4.2.12. Specialization for Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening
4.2.13. Specialization for Anisotropic Plasticity
4.2.14. Hill Potential Theory
4.2.15. Generalized Hill Potential Theory
4.2.16. Specialization for Drucker-Prager
4.2.17. Cap Model
4.2.18. Gurson's Model
4.2.19. Cast Iron Material Model
4.3. Rate-Dependent Plasticity
4.3.1. Creep Option
4.3.2. Rate-Dependent Plasticity
4.3.3. Anand Viscoplasticity
4.4. Gasket Material
4.4.1. Stress and Deformation
4.4.2. Material Definition
4.4.3. Thermal Deformation
4.5. Nonlinear Elasticity
4.5.1. Overview and Guidelines for Use
4.6. Shape Memory Alloy Material Model
4.6.1. Background
4.6.2. The Continuum Mechanics Model
4.7. Hyperelasticity
4.7.1. Introduction
4.7.2. Finite Strain Elasticity
4.7.3. Deviatoric-Volumetric Multiplicative Split
4.7.4. Isotropic Hyperelasticity
4.7.5. Anisotropic Hyperelasticity
4.7.6. USER Subroutine
4.7.7. Output Quantities
4.7.8. Hyperelasticity Material Curve Fitting
4.7.9. Material Stability Check
4.8. Viscoelasticity
4.8.1. Small Strain Viscoelasticity
4.8.2. Constitutive Equations
4.8.3. Numerical Integration
4.8.4. Thermorheological Simplicity
4.8.5. Large Deformation Viscoelasticity
4.8.6. Visco-Hypoelasticity
4.8.7. Large Strain Viscoelasticity
4.8.8. Shift Functions
4.9. Concrete
4.9.1. The Domain (Compression - Compression - Compression)
4.9.2. The Domain (Tension - Compression - Compression)
4.9.3. The Domain (Tension - Tension - Compression)
4.9.4. The Domain (Tension - Tension - Tension)
4.10. Swelling
4.11. Cohesive Zone Material Model
4.11.1. Interface Elements
4.11.2. Contact Elements
5. Electromagnetics
5.1. Electromagnetic Field Fundamentals
5.1.1. Magnetic Scalar Potential
5.1.2. Solution Strategies
5.1.3. Magnetic Vector Potential
5.1.4. Edge Flux Degrees of Freedom
5.1.5. Limitation of the Nodal Vector Potential
5.1.6. Harmonic Analysis Using Complex Formalism
5.1.7. Nonlinear Time-Harmonic Magnetic Analysis
5.1.8. Electric Scalar Potential
5.2. Derivation of Electromagnetic Matrices
5.2.1. Magnetic Scalar Potential
5.2.2. Magnetic Vector Potential
5.2.3. Electric Scalar Potential
5.3. Electromagnetic Field Evaluations
5.3.1. Magnetic Scalar Potential Results
5.3.2. Magnetic Vector Potential Results
5.3.3. Magnetic Forces
5.3.4. Joule Heat in a Magnetic Analysis
5.3.5. Electric Scalar Potential Results
5.3.6. Electrostatic Forces
5.3.7. Electric Constitutive Error
5.4. Voltage Forced and Circuit-Coupled Magnetic Field
5.4.1. Voltage Forced Magnetic Field
5.4.2. Circuit-Coupled Magnetic Field
5.5. High-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Simulation
5.5.1. High-Frequency Electromagnetic Field FEA Principle
5.5.2. Boundary Conditions and Perfectly Matched Layers (PML)
5.5.3. Excitation Sources
5.5.4. High-Frequency Parameters Evaluations
5.6. Inductance, Flux and Energy Computation by LMATRIX and SENERGY Macros
5.6.1. Differential Inductance Definition
5.6.2. Review of Inductance Computation Methods
5.6.3. Inductance Computation Method Used
5.6.4. Transformer and Motion Induced Voltages
5.6.5. Absolute Flux Computation
5.6.6. Inductance Computations
5.6.7. Absolute Energy Computation
5.7. Electromagnetic Particle Tracing
5.8. Maxwell Stress Tensor
5.8.1. Notation
5.8.2. Fundamental Relations
5.8.3. Derived Relations
5.8.4. Maxwell Tensor From Maxwell's Equations
5.9. Electromechanical Transducers
5.10. Capacitance Computation
5.11. Open Boundary Analysis with a Trefftz Domain
5.12. Circuit Analysis, Reduced Order Modeling
5.12.1. Mechanical Circuit Elements
5.12.2. Electrical Circuit Elements
5.12.3. Coupled Field Circuit Elements
5.13. Conductance Computation
6. Heat Flow
6.1. Heat Flow Fundamentals
6.1.1. Conduction and Convection
6.1.2. Radiation
6.2. Derivation of Heat Flow Matrices
6.3. Heat Flow Evaluations
6.3.1. Integration Point Output
6.3.2. Surface Output
6.4. Radiation Matrix Method
6.4.1. Non-Hidden Method
6.4.2. Hidden Method
6.4.3. View Factors of Axisymmetric Bodies
6.4.4. Space Node
6.5. Radiosity Solution Method
6.5.1. View Factor Calculation - Hemicube Method
7. Fluid Flow
7.1. Fluid Flow Fundamentals
7.1.1. Continuity Equation
7.1.2. Momentum Equation
7.1.3. Compressible Energy Equation
7.1.4. Incompressible Energy Equation
7.1.5. Turbulence
7.1.6. Pressure
7.1.7. Multiple Species Transport
7.1.8. Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) Formulation
7.2. Derivation of Fluid Flow Matrices
7.2.1. Discretization of Equations
7.2.2. Transient Term
7.2.3. Advection Term
7.2.4. Monotone Streamline Upwind Approach (MSU)
7.2.5. Streamline Upwind/Petro-Galerkin Approach (SUPG)
7.2.6. Collocated Galerkin Approach (COLG)
7.2.7. Diffusion Terms
7.2.8. Source Terms
7.2.9. Segregated Solution Algorithm
7.3. Volume of Fluid Method for Free Surface Flows
7.3.1. Overview
7.3.2. CLEAR-VOF Advection
7.3.3. CLEAR-VOF Reconstruction
7.3.4. Treatment of Finite Element Equations
7.3.5. Treatment of Volume Fraction Field
7.3.6. Treatment of Surface Tension Field
7.4. Fluid Solvers
7.5. Overall Convergence and Stability
7.5.1. Convergence
7.5.2. Stability
7.5.3. Residual File
7.5.4. Modified Inertial Relaxation
7.6. Fluid Properties
7.6.1. Density
7.6.2. Viscosity
7.6.3. Thermal Conductivity
7.6.4. Specific Heat
7.6.5. Surface Tension Coefficient
7.6.6. Wall Static Contact Angle
7.6.7. Multiple Species Property Options
7.7. Derived Quantities
7.7.1. Mach Number
7.7.2. Total Pressure
7.7.3. Y-Plus and Wall Shear Stress
7.7.4. Stream Function
7.7.5. Heat Transfer Film Coefficient
7.8. Squeeze Film Theory
7.8.1. Flow Between Flat Surfaces
7.8.2. Flow in Channels
7.9. Slide Film Theory
8. Acoustics
8.1. Acoustic Fluid Fundamentals
8.1.1. Governing Equations
8.1.2. Discretization of the Lossless Wave Equation
8.2. Derivation of Acoustics Fluid Matrices
8.3. Absorption of Acoustical Pressure Wave
8.3.1. Addition of Dissipation due to Damping at the Boundary
8.4. Acoustics Fluid-Structure Coupling
8.5. Acoustics Output Quantities
9. This chapter intentionally omitted.
10. This chapter intentionally omitted.
11. Coupling
11.1. Coupled Effects
11.1.1. Elements
11.1.2. Coupling Methods
11.2. Thermoelasticity
11.3. Piezoelectrics
11.4. Electroelasticity
11.5. Piezoresistivity
11.6. Thermoelectrics
11.7. Review of Coupled Electromechanical Methods
12. Shape Functions
12.1. Understanding Shape Function Labels
12.2. 2-D Lines
12.2.1. 2-D Lines without RDOF
12.2.2. 2-D Lines with RDOF
12.3. 3-D Lines
12.3.1. 3-D 2 Node Lines without RDOF
12.3.2. 3-D 2 Node Lines with RDOF
12.3.3. 3-D 3 Node Lines
12.4. Axisymmetric Shells
12.4.1. Axisymmetric Shell without ESF
12.5. Axisymmetric Harmonic Shells
12.5.1. Axisymmetric Harmonic Shells without ESF
12.5.2. Axisymmetric Harmonic Shells with ESF
12.6. 3-D Shells
12.6.1. 3-D 3-Node Triangular Shells without RDOF (CST)
12.6.2. 3-D 6-Node Triangular Shells without RDOF (LST)
12.6.3. 3-D 3-Node Triangular Shells with RDOF but without SD
12.6.4. 3-D 3-Node Triangular Shells with RDOF and with SD
12.6.5. 3-D 6-Node Triangular Shells with RDOF and with SD
12.6.6. 3-D 4-Node Quadrilateral Shells without RDOF and without ESF (Q4)
12.6.7. 3-D 4-Node Quadrilateral Shells without RDOF but with ESF (QM6)
12.6.8. 3-D 8-Node Quadrilateral Shells without RDOF
12.6.9. 3-D 4-Node Quadrilateral Shells with RDOF but without SD and without ESF
12.6.10. 3-D 4-Node Quadrilateral Shells with RDOF but without SD and with ESF
12.6.11. 3-D 4-Node Quadrilateral Shells with RDOF and with SD
12.6.12. 3-D 8-Node Quadrilateral Shells with RDOF and with SD
12.7. 2-D and Axisymmetric Solids
12.7.1. 2-D and Axisymmetric 3 Node Triangular Solids (CST)
12.7.2. 2-D and Axisymmetric 6 Node Triangular Solids (LST)
12.7.3. 2-D and Axisymmetric 4 Node Quadrilateral Solid without ESF (Q4)
12.7.4. 2-D and Axisymmetric 4 Node Quadrilateral Solids with ESF (QM6)
12.7.5. 2-D and Axisymmetric 8 Node Quadrilateral Solids (Q8)
12.7.6. 2-D and Axisymmetric 4 Node Quadrilateral Infinite Solids
12.7.7. 2-D and Axisymmetric 8 Node Quadrilateral Infinite Solids
12.8. Axisymmetric Harmonic Solids
12.8.1. Axisymmetric Harmonic 3 Node Triangular Solids
12.8.2. Axisymmetric Harmonic 6 Node Triangular Solids
12.8.3. Axisymmetric Harmonic 4 Node Quadrilateral Solids without ESF
12.8.4. Axisymmetric Harmonic 4 Node Quadrilateral Solids with ESF
12.8.5. Axisymmetric Harmonic 8 Node Quadrilateral Solids
12.9. 3-D Solids
12.9.1. 4 Node Tetrahedra
12.9.2. 10 Node Tetrahedra
12.9.3. 5 Node Pyramids
12.9.4. 13 Node Pyramids
12.9.5. 6 Node Wedges without ESF
12.9.6. 6 Node Wedges with ESF
12.9.7. 15 Node Wedges as a Condensation of 20 Node Brick
12.9.8. 15 Node Wedges Based on Wedge Shape Functions
12.9.9. 8 Node Bricks without ESF
12.9.10. 8 Node Bricks with ESF
12.9.11. 20 Node Bricks
12.9.12. 8 Node Infinite Bricks
12.9.13. 3-D 20 Node Infinite Bricks
12.10. Electromagnetic Edge Elements
12.10.1. 2-D 8 Node Quad Geometry and DOFs
12.10.2. 3-D 20 Node Brick Geometry and DOFs
12.11. High Frequency Electromagnetic Tangential Vector Elements
12.11.1. Tetrahedral Elements (HF119)
12.11.2. Hexahedral Elements (HF120)
12.11.3. Triangular Elements (HF118)
12.11.4. Quadrilateral Elements (HF118)
13. Element Tools
13.1. Integration Point Locations
13.1.1. Lines (1, 2, or 3 Points)
13.1.2. Quadrilaterals (2 x 2 or 3 x 3 Points)
13.1.3. Bricks and Pyramids (2 x 2 x 2 Points)
13.1.4. Triangles (1, 3, or 6 Points)
13.1.5. Tetrahedra (1, 4, 5, or 11 Points)
13.1.6. Triangles and Tetrahedra (2 x 2 or 2 x 2 x 2 Points)
13.1.7. Wedges (3 x 2 or 3 x 3 Points)
13.1.8. Wedges (2 x 2 x 2 Points)
13.1.9. Bricks (14 Points)
13.1.10. Nonlinear Bending (5 Points)
13.2. Lumped Matrices
13.2.1. Diagonalization Procedure
13.2.2. Limitations of Lumped Mass Matrices
13.3. Reuse of Matrices
13.3.1. Element Matrices
13.3.2. Structure Matrices
13.3.3. Override Option
13.4. Temperature-Dependent Material Properties
13.5. Positive Definite Matrices
13.5.1. Matrices Representing the Complete Structure
13.5.2. Element Matrices
13.6. Nodal and Centroidal Data Evaluation
13.7. Element Shape Testing
13.7.1. Overview
13.7.2. 3-D Solid Element Faces and Cross-Sections
13.7.3. Aspect Ratio
13.7.4. Aspect Ratio Calculation for Triangles
13.7.5. Aspect Ratio Calculation for Quadrilaterals
13.7.6. Angle Deviation
13.7.7. Angle Deviation Calculation
13.7.8. Parallel Deviation
13.7.9. Parallel Deviation Calculation
13.7.10. Maximum Corner Angle
13.7.11. Maximum Corner Angle Calculation
13.7.12. Jacobian Ratio
13.7.13. Warping Factor
14. Element Library
14.1. LINK1 - 2-D Spar (or Truss)
14.1.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.1.2. Other Applicable Sections
14.2. Not Documented
14.3. BEAM3 - 2-D Elastic Beam
14.3.1. Element Matrices and Load Vectors
14.3.2. Stress Calculation
14.4. BEAM4 - 3-D Elastic Beam
14.4.1. Stiffness and Mass Matrices
14.4.2. Gyroscopic Damping Matrix
14.4.3. Pressure and Temperature Load Vector
14.4.4. Local to Global Conversion
14.4.5. Stress Calculations
14.5. SOLID5 - 3-D Coupled-Field Solid
14.5.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.6. Not Documented
14.7. COMBIN7 - Revolute Joint
14.7.1. Element Description
14.7.2. Element Matrices
14.7.3. Modification of Real Constants
14.8. LINK8 - 3-D Spar (or Truss)
14.8.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.8.2. Element Matrices and Load Vector
14.8.3. Force and Stress
14.9. INFIN9 - 2-D Infinite Boundary
14.9.1. Introduction
14.9.2. Theory
14.10. LINK10 - Tension-only or Compression-only Spar
14.10.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.10.2. Element Matrices and Load Vector
14.11. LINK11 - Linear Actuator
14.11.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.11.2. Element Matrices and Load Vector
14.11.3. Force, Stroke, and Length
14.12. CONTAC12 - 2-D Point-to-Point Contact
14.12.1. Element Matrices
14.12.2. Orientation of the Element
14.12.3. Rigid Coulomb Friction
14.13. PLANE13 - 2-D Coupled-Field Solid
14.13.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.14. COMBIN14 - Spring-Damper
14.14.1. Types of Input
14.14.2. Stiffness Pass
14.14.3. Output Quantities
14.15. Not Documented
14.16. PIPE16 - Elastic Straight Pipe
14.16.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.16.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.16.3. Stiffness Matrix
14.16.4. Mass Matrix
14.16.5. Gyroscopic Damping Matrix
14.16.6. Stress Stiffness Matrix
14.16.7. Load Vector
14.16.8. Stress Calculation
14.17. PIPE17 - Elastic Pipe Tee
14.17.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.18. PIPE18 - Elastic Curved Pipe
14.18.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.18.2. Stiffness Matrix
14.18.3. Mass Matrix
14.18.4. Load Vector
14.18.5. Stress Calculations
14.19. Not Documented
14.20. PIPE20 - Plastic Straight Thin-Walled Pipe
14.20.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.20.2. Other Applicable Sections
14.20.3. Stress and Strain Calculation
14.21. MASS21 - Structural Mass
14.22. Not Documented
14.23. BEAM23 - 2-D Plastic Beam
14.23.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.23.2. Integration Points
14.23.3. Tangent Stiffness Matrix for Plasticity
14.23.4. Newton-Raphson Load Vector
14.23.5. Stress and Strain Calculation
14.24. BEAM24 - 3-D Thin-walled Beam
14.24.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.24.2. Other Applicable Sections
14.24.3. Temperature Distribution Across Cross-Section
14.24.4. Calculation of Cross-Section Section Properties
14.24.5. Offset Transformation
14.25. PLANE25 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic 4-Node Structural Solid
14.25.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.25.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.25.3. Use of Temperature
14.26. Not Documented
14.27. MATRIX27 - Stiffness, Damping, or Mass Matrix
14.27.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.28. SHELL28 - Shear/Twist Panel
14.28.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.28.2. Commentary
14.28.3. Output Terms
14.29. FLUID29 - 2-D Acoustic Fluid
14.29.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.30. FLUID30 - 3-D Acoustic Fluid
14.30.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.31. LINK31 - Radiation Link
14.31.1. Standard Radiation (KEYOPT(3) = 0)
14.31.2. Empirical Radiation (KEYOPT(3) = 1)
14.31.3. Solution
14.32. LINK32 - 2-D Conduction Bar
14.32.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.32.2. Matrices and Load Vectors
14.33. LINK33 - 3-D Conduction Bar
14.33.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.33.2. Matrices and Load Vectors
14.33.3. Output
14.34. LINK34 - Convection Link
14.34.1. Conductivity Matrix
14.34.2. Output
14.35. PLANE35 - 2-D 6-Node Triangular Thermal Solid
14.35.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.36. SOURC36 - Current Source
14.36.1. Description
14.37. COMBIN37 - Control
14.37.1. Element Characteristics
14.37.2. Element Matrices
14.37.3. Adjustment of Real Constants
14.37.4. Evaluation of Control Parameter
14.38. FLUID38 - Dynamic Fluid Coupling
14.38.1. Description
14.38.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.38.3. Mass Matrix Formulation
14.38.4. Damping Matrix Formulation
14.39. COMBIN39 - Nonlinear Spring
14.39.1. Input
14.39.2. Element Stiffness Matrix and Load Vector
14.39.3. Choices for Element Behavior
14.40. COMBIN40 - Combination
14.40.1. Characteristics of the Element
14.40.2. Element Matrices for Structural Applications
14.40.3. Determination of F1 and F2 for Structural Applications
14.40.4. Thermal Analysis
14.41. SHELL41 - Membrane Shell
14.41.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.41.2. Wrinkle Option
14.42. PLANE42 - 2-D Structural Solid
14.42.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.43. SHELL43 - 4-Node Plastic Large Strain Shell
14.43.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.43.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.43.3. Assumed Displacement Shape Functions
14.43.4. Stress-Strain Relationships
14.43.5. In-Plane Rotational DOF
14.43.6. Spurious Mode Control with Allman Rotation
14.43.7. Natural Space Extra Shape Functions with Allman Rotation
14.43.8. Warping
14.43.9. Stress Output
14.44. BEAM44 - 3-D Elastic Tapered Unsymmetric Beam
14.44.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.44.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.44.3. Tapered Geometry
14.44.4. Shear Center Effects
14.44.5. Offset at the Ends of the Member
14.44.6. End Moment Release
14.44.7. Local to Global Conversion
14.44.8. Stress Calculations
14.45. SOLID45 - 3-D Structural Solid
14.45.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.46. SOLID46 - 3-D 8-Node Layered Structural Solid
14.46.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.46.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.46.3. Stress-Strain Relationships
14.46.4. General Strain and Stress Calculations
14.46.5. Interlaminar Shear Stress Calculation
14.47. INFIN47 - 3-D Infinite Boundary
14.47.1. Introduction
14.47.2. Theory
14.47.3. Reduced Scalar Potential
14.47.4. Difference Scalar Potential
14.47.5. Generalized Scalar Potential
14.48. Not Documented
14.49. Not Documented
14.50. MATRIX50 - Superelement (or Substructure)
14.50.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.51. Not Documented
14.52. CONTAC52 - 3-D Point-to-Point Contact
14.52.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.52.2. Element Matrices
14.52.3. Orientation of Element
14.53. PLANE53 - 2-D 8-Node Magnetic Solid
14.53.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.53.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.53.3. VOLT DOF in 2-D and Axisymmetric Skin Effect Analysis
14.54. BEAM54 - 2-D Elastic Tapered Unsymmetric Beam
14.54.1. Derivation of Matrices
14.55. PLANE55 - 2-D Thermal Solid
14.55.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.55.2. Mass Transport Option
14.56. Not Documented
14.57. SHELL57 - Thermal Shell
14.57.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.58. Not Documented
14.59. PIPE59 - Immersed Pipe or Cable
14.59.1. Overview of the Element
14.59.2. Location of the Element
14.59.3. Stiffness Matrix
14.59.4. Mass Matrix
14.59.5. Load Vector
14.59.6. Hydrostatic Effects
14.59.7. Hydrodynamic Effects
14.59.8. Stress Output
14.60. PIPE60 - Plastic Curved Thin-Walled Pipe
14.60.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.60.2. Other Applicable Sections
14.60.3. Load Vector
14.60.4. Stress Calculations
14.61. SHELL61 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic Structural Shell
14.61.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.61.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.61.3. Stress, Force, and Moment Calculations
14.62. SOLID62 - 3-D Magneto-Structural Solid
14.62.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.63. SHELL63 - Elastic Shell
14.63.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.63.2. Foundation Stiffness
14.63.3. In-Plane Rotational Stiffness
14.63.4. Warping
14.63.5. Options for Non-Uniform Material
14.63.6. Extrapolation of Results to the Nodes
14.64. Not Documented
14.65. SOLID65 - 3-D Reinforced Concrete Solid
14.65.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.65.2. Description
14.65.3. Linear Behavior - General
14.65.4. Linear Behavior - Concrete
14.65.5. Linear Behavior - Reinforcement
14.65.6. Nonlinear Behavior - Concrete
14.65.7. Modeling of a Crack
14.65.8. Modeling of Crushing
14.65.9. Nonlinear Behavior - Reinforcement
14.66. Not Documented
14.67. PLANE67 - 2-D Coupled Thermal-Electric Solid
14.67.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.68. LINK68 - Coupled Thermal-Electric Line
14.68.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.69. SOLID69 - 3-D Coupled Thermal-Electric Solid
14.69.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.70. SOLID70 - 3-D Thermal Solid
14.70.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.70.2. Fluid Flow in a Porous Medium
14.71. MASS71 - Thermal Mass
14.71.1. Specific Heat Matrix
14.71.2. Heat Generation Load Vector
14.72. Not Documented
14.73. Not Documented
14.74. Not Documented
14.75. PLANE75 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic 4-Node Thermal Solid
14.75.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.76. Not Documented
14.77. PLANE77 - 2-D 8-Node Thermal Solid
14.77.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.77.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.78. PLANE78 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic 8-Node Thermal Solid
14.78.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.78.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.79. FLUID79 - 2-D Contained Fluid
14.79.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.80. FLUID80 - 3-D Contained Fluid
14.80.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.80.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.80.3. Material Properties
14.80.4. Free Surface Effects
14.80.5. Other Assumptions and Limitations
14.81. FLUID81 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic Contained Fluid
14.81.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.81.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.81.3. Load Vector Correction
14.82. PLANE82 - 2-D 8-Node Structural Solid
14.82.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.82.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.83. PLANE83 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic 8-Node Structural Solid
14.83.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.83.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.84. Not Documented
14.85. Not Documented
14.86. Not Documented
14.87. SOLID87 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Thermal Solid
14.87.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.88. VISCO88 - 2-D 8-Node Viscoelastic Solid
14.88.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.89. VISCO89 - 3-D 20-Node Viscoelastic Solid
14.89.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.90. SOLID90 - 3-D 20-Node Thermal Solid
14.90.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.91. SHELL91 - Nonlinear Layered Structural Shell
14.91.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.91.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.91.3. Stress-Strain Relationship
14.91.4. Stress, Force and Moment Calculations
14.91.5. Force and Moment Summations
14.91.6. Interlaminar Shear Stress Calculation
14.91.7. Sandwich Option
14.92. SOLID92 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Structural Solid
14.92.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.93. SHELL93 - 8-Node Structural Shell
14.93.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.93.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.93.3. Stress-Strain Relationships
14.93.4. Stress Output
14.94. CIRCU94 - Piezoelectric Circuit
14.94.1. Electric Circuit Elements
14.94.2. Piezoelectric Circuit Element Matrices and Load Vectors
14.95. SOLID95 - 3-D 20-Node Structural Solid
14.95.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.96. SOLID96 - 3-D Magnetic Scalar Solid
14.96.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.97. SOLID97 - 3-D Magnetic Solid
14.97.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.98. SOLID98 - Tetrahedral Coupled-Field Solid
14.98.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.99. SHELL99 - Linear Layered Structural Shell
14.99.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.99.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.99.3. Direct Matrix Input
14.99.4. Stress Calculations
14.99.5. Force and Moment Summations
14.99.6. Shear Strain Adjustment
14.99.7. Interlaminar Shear Stress Calculations
14.100. Not Documented
14.101. Not Documented
14.102. Not Documented
14.103. Not Documented
14.104. Not Documented
14.105. Not Documented
14.106. VISCO106 - 2-D 4-Node Viscoplastic Solid
14.106.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.107. VISCO107 - 3-D 8-Node Viscoplastic Solid
14.107.1. Basic Assumptions
14.107.2. Element Tangent Matrices and Newton-Raphson Restoring Force
14.107.3. Plastic Energy Output
14.108. VISCO108 - 2-D 8-Node Viscoplastic Solid
14.108.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.108.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.109. TRANS109 - 2-D Electromechanical Transducer
14.110. INFIN110 - 2-D Infinite Solid
14.110.1. Mapping Functions
14.110.2. Matrices
14.111. INFIN111 - 3-D Infinite Solid
14.111.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.112. Not Documented
14.113. Not Documented
14.114. Not Documented
14.115. INTER115 - 3-D Magnetic Interface
14.115.1. Element Matrix Derivation
14.115.2. Formulation
14.116. FLUID116 - Coupled Thermal-Fluid Pipe
14.116.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.116.2. Combined Equations
14.116.3. Thermal Matrix Definitions
14.116.4. Fluid Equations
14.117. SOLID117 - 3-D 20-Node Magnetic Edge
14.117.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.117.2. Matrix Formulation of Low Frequency Edge Element and Tree Gauging
14.118. Not Documented
14.119. HF119 - 3-D High-Frequency Magnetic Tetrahedral Solid
14.119.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.119.2. Solution Shape Functions - H (curl) Conforming Elements
14.120. HF120 - High-Frequency Magnetic Brick Solid
14.120.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.120.2. Solution Shape Functions - H(curl) Conforming Element
14.121. PLANE121 - 2-D 8-Node Electrostatic Solid
14.121.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.121.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.122. SOLID122 - 3-D 20-Node Electrostatic Solid
14.122.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.123. SOLID123 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Electrostatic Solid
14.123.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.124. CIRCU124 - Electric Circuit
14.124.1. Electric Circuit Elements
14.124.2. Electric Circuit Element Matrices
14.125. CIRCU125 - Diode
14.125.1. Diode Elements
14.125.2. Norton Equivalents
14.125.3. Element Matrix and Load Vector
14.126. TRANS126 - Electromechanical Transducer
14.127. SOLID127 - 3-D Tetrahedral Electrostatic Solid p-Element
14.127.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.128. SOLID128 - 3-D Brick Electrostatic Solid p-Element
14.128.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.129. FLUID129 - 2-D Infinite Acoustic
14.129.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.130. FLUID130 - 3-D Infinite Acoustic
14.130.1. Mathematical Formulation and F.E. Discretization
14.130.2. Finite Element Discretization
14.131. SHELL131 - 4-Node Layered Thermal Shell
14.131.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.132. SHELL132 - 8-Node Layered Thermal Shell
14.132.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.133. Not Documented
14.134. Not Documented
14.135. Not Documented
14.136. FLUID136 - 3-D Squeeze Film Fluid Element
14.136.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.136.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.137. Not Documented
14.138. FLUID138 - 3-D Viscous Fluid Link Element
14.138.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.139. FLUID139 - 3-D Slide Film Fluid Element
14.139.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.140. Not Documented
14.141. FLUID141 - 2-D Fluid-Thermal
14.141.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.142. FLUID142 - 3-D Fluid-Thermal
14.142.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.142.2. Distributed Resistance Main Diagonal Modification
14.142.3. Turbulent Kinetic Energy Source Term Linearization
14.142.4. Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation Rate
14.143. Not Documented
14.144. ROM144 - Reduced Order Electrostatic-Structural
14.144.1. Element Matrices and Load Vectors
14.144.2. Combination of Modal Coordinates and Nodal Displacement at Master Nodes
14.144.3. Element Loads
14.145. PLANE145 - 2-D Quadrilateral Structural Solid p-Element
14.145.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.146. PLANE146 - 2-D Triangular Structural Solid p-Element
14.146.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.147. SOLID147 - 3-D Brick Structural Solid p-Element
14.147.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.148. SOLID148 - 3-D Tetrahedral Structural Solid p-Element
14.148.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.149. Not Documented
14.150. SHELL150 - 8-Node Structural Shell p-Element
14.150.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.150.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.150.3. Stress-Strain Relationships
14.151. SURF151 - 2-D Thermal Surface Effect
14.152. SURF152 - 3-D Thermal Surface Effect
14.152.1. Matrices and Load Vectors
14.152.2. Adiabatic Wall Temperature as Bulk Temperature
14.152.3. Film Coefficient Adjustment
14.152.4. Radiation Form Factor Calculation
14.153. SURF153 - 2-D Structural Surface Effect
14.154. SURF154 - 3-D Structural Surface Effect
14.155. Not Documented
14.156. SURF156 - 3-D Structural Surface Line Load Effect
14.157. SHELL157 - Thermal-Electric Shell
14.157.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.158. Not Documented
14.159. Not Documented
14.160. LINK160 - Explicit 3-D Spar (or Truss)
14.161. BEAM161 - Explicit 3-D Beam
14.162. PLANE162 - Explicit 2-D Structural Solid
14.163. SHELL163 - Explicit Thin Structural Shell
14.164. SOLID164 - Explicit 3-D Structural Solid
14.165. COMBI165 - Explicit Spring-Damper
14.166. MASS166 - Explicit 3-D Structural Mass
14.167. LINK167 - Explicit Tension-Only Spar
14.168. SOLID168 - Explicit 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Structural Solid
14.169. TARGE169 - 2-D Target Segment
14.169.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.169.2. Segment Types
14.170. TARGE170 - 3-D Target Segment
14.170.1. Introduction
14.170.2. Segment Types
14.170.3. Reaction Forces
14.171. CONTA171 - 2-D 2-Node Surface-to-Surface Contact
14.171.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.172. CONTA172 - 2-D 3-Node Surface-to-Surface Contact
14.172.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.173. CONTA173 - 3-D 4-Node Surface-to-Surface Contact
14.173.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.174. CONTA174 - 3-D 8-Node Surface-to-Surface Contact
14.174.1. Introduction
14.174.2. Contact Kinematics
14.174.3. Frictional Model
14.174.4. Contact Algorithm
14.174.5. Debonding
14.174.6. Thermal/Structural Contact
14.174.7. Electric Contact
14.174.8. Magnetic Contact
14.175. CONTA175 - 2-D/3-D Node-to-Surface Contact
14.175.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.175.2. Contact Models
14.175.3. Contact Forces
14.176. CONTA176 - 3-D Line-to-Line Contact
14.176.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.176.2. Contact Kinematics
14.176.3. Contact Forces
14.177. CONTA177 - 3-D Line-to-Surface Contact
14.177.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.177.2. Contact Forces
14.178. CONTA178 - 3-D Node-to-Node Contact
14.178.1. Introduction
14.178.2. Contact Algorithms
14.178.3. Element Damper
14.179. PRETS179 - Pretension
14.179.1. Introduction
14.179.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.180. LINK180 - 3-D Finite Strain Spar (or Truss)
14.180.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.180.2. Element Mass Matrix
14.181. SHELL181 - 4-Node Finite Strain Shell
14.181.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.181.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.181.3. Assumed Displacement Shape Functions
14.181.4. Membrane Option
14.181.5. Warping
14.182. PLANE182 - 2-D 4-Node Structural Solid
14.182.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.182.2. Theory
14.183. PLANE183 - 2-D 8-Node Structural Solid
14.183.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.183.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.184. MPC184 - Multipoint Constraint
14.184.1. Slider Element
14.184.2. Joint Elements
14.185. SOLID185 - 3-D 8-Node Structural Solid
14.185.1. SOLID185 - 3-D 8-Node Structural Solid
14.185.2. SOLID185 - 3-D 8-Node Layered Solid
14.185.3. Other Applicable Sections
14.185.4. Theory
14.186. SOLID186 - 3-D 20-Node Non-Layered/Layered Structural Solid
14.186.1. SOLID186 - 3-D 20-Node Non-layered Structural Solid
14.186.2. SOLID186 - 3-D 20-Node Layered Structural Solid
14.186.3. Other Applicable Sections
14.187. SOLID187 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Structural Solid
14.187.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.188. BEAM188 - 3-D Linear Finite Strain Beam
14.189. BEAM189 - 3-D Quadratic Finite Strain Beam
14.189.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.189.2. Stress Evaluation
14.190. SOLSH190 - 3-D 8-Node Layered Solid Shell
14.190.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.190.2. Theory
14.191. SOLID191 - 3-D 20-Node Layered Structural Solid
14.191.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.192. INTER192 - 2-D 4-Node Gasket
14.192.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.193. INTER193 - 2-D 6-Node Gasket
14.193.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.194. INTER194 - 3-D 16-Node Gasket
14.194.1. Element Technology
14.195. INTER195 - 3-D 8-Node Gasket
14.195.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.196. Not Documented
14.197. Not Documented
14.198. Not Documented
14.199. Not Documented
14.200. Not Documented
14.201. Not Documented
14.202. INTER202 - 2-D 4-Node Interface
14.202.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.203. INTER203 - 2-D 6-Node Interface
14.203.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.204. INTER204 - 3-D 16-Node Interface
14.204.1. Element Technology
14.205. INTER205 - 3-D 8-Node Interface
14.205.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.206. Not Documented
14.207. Not Documented
14.208. SHELL208 - 2-Node Finite Strain Axisymmetric Shell
14.208.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.208.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.209. SHELL209 - 2-Node Finite Strain Axisymmetric Shell
14.209.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.209.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.210. Not Documented
14.211. Not Documented
14.212. Not Documented
14.213. Not Documented
14.214. COMBI214 - 2-D Spring-Damper Bearing
14.214.1. Matrices
14.214.2. Output Quantities
14.215. Not Documented
14.216. Not Documented
14.217. Not Documented
14.218. Not Documented
14.219. Not Documented
14.220. Not Documented
14.221. Not Documented
14.222. Not Documented
14.223. PLANE223 - 2-D 8-Node Coupled-Field Solid
14.223.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.224. Not Documented
14.225. Not Documented
14.226. SOLID226 - 3-D 20-Node Coupled-Field Solid
14.226.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.227. SOLID227 - 3-D 10-Node Coupled-Field Solid
14.227.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.228. Not Documented
14.229. Not Documented
14.230. PLANE230 - 2-D 8-Node Electric Solid
14.230.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.230.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.231. SOLID231 - 3-D 20-Node Electric Solid
14.231.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.232. SOLID232 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Electric Solid
14.232.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.233. Not Documented
14.234. Not Documented
14.235. Not Documented
14.236. Not Documented
14.237. Not Documented
14.238. Not Documented
14.239. Not Documented
14.240. Not Documented
14.241. Not Documented
14.242. Not Documented
14.243. Not Documented
14.244. Not Documented
14.245. Not Documented
14.246. Not Documented
14.247. Not Documented
14.248. Not Documented
14.249. Not Documented
14.250. Not Documented
14.251. SURF251 - 2-D Radiosity Surface
14.252. SURF252 - 3-D Thermal Radiosity Surface
14.253. Not Documented
14.254. Not Documented
14.255. Not Documented
14.256. Not Documented
14.257. Not Documented
14.258. Not Documented
14.259. Not Documented
14.260. Not Documented
14.261. Not Documented
14.262. Not Documented
14.263. Not Documented
14.264. Not Documented
14.265. REINF265 - 3-D Smeared Reinforcing
14.265.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.265.2. Stiffness and Mass Matrices of a Reinforcing Layer
14.266. Not Documented
14.267. Not Documented
14.268. Not Documented
14.269. Not Documented
14.270. Not Documented
14.271. Not Documented
14.272. Not Documented
14.273. Not Documented
14.274. Not Documented
14.275. Not Documented
14.276. Not Documented
14.277. Not Documented
14.278. Not Documented
14.279. Not Documented
14.280. Not Documented
14.281. SHELL281 - 8-Node Finite Strain Shell
14.281.1. Other Applicable Sections
14.281.2. Assumptions and Restrictions
14.281.3. Membrane Option
15. Analysis Tools
15.1. Acceleration Effect
15.2. Inertia Relief
15.3. Damping Matrices
15.4. Rotating Structures
15.4.1. Coriolis Matrix and Coriolis Force
15.4.2. Gyroscopic Matrix
15.5. Element Reordering
15.5.1. Reordering Based on Topology with a Program-Defined Starting Surface
15.5.2. Reordering Based on Topology with a User- Defined Starting Surface
15.5.3. Reordering Based on Geometry
15.5.4. Automatic Reordering
15.6. Automatic Master DOF Selection
15.7. Automatic Time Stepping
15.7.1. Time Step Prediction
15.7.2. Time Step Bisection
15.7.3. The Response Eigenvalue for 1st Order Transients
15.7.4. The Response Frequency for Structural Dynamics
15.7.5. Creep Time Increment
15.7.6. Plasticity Time Increment
15.7.7. Midstep Residual for Structural Dynamic Analysis
15.8. Solving for Unknowns and Reactions
15.8.1. Reaction Forces
15.8.2. Disequilibrium
15.9. Equation Solvers
15.9.1. Direct Solvers
15.9.2. Sparse Direct Solver
15.9.3. Frontal Solver
15.9.4. Iterative Solver
15.10. Mode Superposition Method
15.10.1. Modal Damping
15.10.2. Residual Vector Method
15.11. Extraction of Modal Damping Parameter for Squeeze Film Problems
15.12. Reduced Order Modeling of Coupled Domains
15.12.1. Selection of Modal Basis Functions
15.12.2. Element Loads
15.12.3. Mode Combinations for Finite Element Data Acquisition and Energy Computation
15.12.4. Function Fit Methods for Strain Energy
15.12.5. Coupled Electrostatic-Structural Systems
15.12.6. Computation of Capacitance Data and Function Fit
15.13. Newton-Raphson Procedure
15.13.1. Overview
15.13.2. Convergence
15.13.3. Predictor
15.13.4. Adaptive Descent
15.13.5. Line Search
15.13.6. Arc-Length Method
15.14. Constraint Equations
15.14.1. Derivation of Matrix and Load Vector Operations
15.15. This section intentionally omitted
15.16. Eigenvalue and Eigenvector Extraction
15.16.1. Reduced Method
15.16.2. Subspace Method
15.16.3. Block Lanczos
15.16.4. PCG Lanczos
15.16.5. Unsymmetric Method
15.16.6. Damped Method
15.16.7. QR Damped Method
15.16.8. Shifting
15.16.9. Repeated Eigenvalues
15.16.10. Complex Eigensolutions
15.17. Analysis of Cyclic Symmetric Structures
15.17.1. Modal Analysis
15.17.2. Complete Mode Shape Derivation
15.17.3. Cyclic Symmetry Transformations
15.18. Mass Moments of Inertia
15.18.1. Accuracy of the Calculations
15.18.2. Effect of KSUM, LSUM, ASUM, and VSUM Commands
15.19. Energies
15.20. ANSYS Workbench Product Adaptive Solutions
16. This chapter intentionally omitted.
17. Analysis Procedures
17.1. Static Analysis
17.1.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
17.1.2. Description of Structural Systems
17.1.3. Description of Thermal, Magnetic and Other First Order Systems
17.2. Transient Analysis
17.2.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
17.2.2. Description of Structural and Other Second Order Systems
17.2.3. Description of Thermal, Magnetic and Other First Order Systems
17.3. Mode-Frequency Analysis
17.3.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
17.3.2. Description of Analysis
17.4. Harmonic Response Analyses
17.4.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
17.4.2. Description of Analysis
17.4.3. Complex Displacement Output
17.4.4. Nodal and Reaction Load Computation
17.4.5. Solution
17.4.6. Variational Technology Method
17.4.7. Automatic Frequency Spacing
17.4.8. Rotating Forces on Rotating Structures
17.5. Buckling Analysis
17.5.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
17.5.2. Description of Analysis
17.6. Substructuring Analysis
17.6.1. Assumptions and Restrictions (within Superelement)
17.6.2. Description of Analysis
17.6.3. Statics
17.6.4. Transients
17.6.5. Component Mode Synthesis (CMS)
17.7. Spectrum Analysis
17.7.1. Assumptions and Restrictions
17.7.2. Description of Analysis
17.7.3. Single-Point Response Spectrum
17.7.4. Damping
17.7.5. Participation Factors and Mode Coefficients
17.7.6. Combination of Modes
17.7.7. Reduced Mass Summary
17.7.8. Effective Mass
17.7.9. Dynamic Design Analysis Method
17.7.10. Random Vibration Method
17.7.11. Description of Method
17.7.12. Response Power Spectral Densities and Mean Square Response
17.7.13. Cross Spectral Terms for Partially Correlated Input PSDs
17.7.14. Spatial Correlation
17.7.15. Wave Propagation
17.7.16. Multi-Point Response Spectrum Method
18. Preprocessing and Postprocessing Tools
18.1. Integration and Differentiation Procedures
18.1.1. Single Integration Procedure
18.1.2. Double Integration Procedure
18.1.3. Differentiation Procedure
18.1.4. Double Differentiation Procedure
18.2. Fourier Coefficient Evaluation
18.3. Statistical Procedures
18.3.1. Mean, Covariance, Correlation Coefficient
18.3.2. Random Samples of a Uniform Distribution
18.3.3. Random Samples of a Gaussian Distribution
18.3.4. Random Samples of a Triangular Distribution
18.3.5. Random Samples of a Beta Distribution
18.3.6. Random Samples of a Gamma Distribution
19. Postprocessing
19.1. POST1 - Derived Nodal Data Processing
19.1.1. Derived Nodal Data Computation
19.2. POST1 - Vector and Surface Operations
19.2.1. Vector Operations
19.2.2. Surface Operations
19.3. POST1 - Path Operations
19.3.1. Defining the Path
19.3.2. Defining Orientation Vectors of the Path
19.3.3. Mapping Nodal and Element Data onto the Path
19.3.4. Operating on Path Data
19.4. POST1 - Stress Linearization
19.4.1. Cartesian Case
19.4.2. Axisymmetric Case (General)
19.4.3. Axisymmetric Case
19.5. POST1 - Fatigue Module
19.6. POST1 - Electromagnetic Macros
19.6.1. Flux Passing Thru a Closed Contour
19.6.2. Force on a Body
19.6.3. Magnetomotive Forces
19.6.4. Power Loss
19.6.5. Terminal Parameters for a Stranded Coil
19.6.6. Energy Supplied
19.6.7. Terminal Inductance
19.6.8. Flux Linkage
19.6.9. Terminal Voltage
19.6.10. Torque on a Body
19.6.11. Energy in a Magnetic Field
19.6.12. Relative Error in Electrostatic or Electromagnetic Field Analysis
19.6.13. SPARM Macro-Parameters
19.6.14. Electromotive Force
19.6.15. Impedance of a Device
19.6.16. Computation of Equivalent Transmission-line Parameters
19.6.17. Quality Factor
19.7. POST1 - Error Approximation Technique
19.7.1. Error Approximation Technique for Displacement-Based Problems
19.7.2. Error Approximation Technique for Temperature-Based Problems
19.7.3. Error Approximation Technique for Magnetics-Based Problems
19.8. POST1 - Crack Analysis
19.9. POST1 - Harmonic Solid and Shell Element Postprocessing
19.9.1. Thermal Solid Elements (PLANE75, PLANE78)
19.9.2. Structural Solid Elements (PLANE25, PLANE83)
19.9.3. Structural Shell Element (SHELL61)
19.10. POST26 - Data Operations
19.11. POST26 - Response Spectrum Generator (RESP)
19.11.1. Time Step Size
19.12. POST1 and POST26 - Interpretation of Equivalent Strains
19.12.1. Physical Interpretation of Equivalent Strain
19.12.2. Elastic Strain
19.12.3. Plastic Strain
19.12.4. Creep Strain
19.12.5. Total Strain
19.13. POST26 - Response Power Spectral Density
19.14. POST26 - Computation of Covariance
20. Design Optimization
20.1. Introduction to Design Optimization
20.1.1. Feasible Versus Infeasible Design Sets
20.1.2. The Best Design Set
20.1.3. Optimization Methods and Design Tools
20.2. Subproblem Approximation Method
20.2.1. Function Approximations
20.2.2. Minimizing the Subproblem Approximation
20.2.3. Convergence
20.3. First Order Optimization Method
20.3.1. The Unconstrained Objective Function
20.3.2. The Search Direction
20.3.3. Convergence
20.4. Topological Optimization
20.4.1. General Optimization Problem Statement
20.4.2. Maximum Static Stiffness Design
20.4.3. Minimum Volume Design
20.4.4. Maximum Dynamic Stiffness Design
20.4.5. Element Calculations
21. Probabilistic Design
21.1. Uses for Probabilistic Design
21.2. Probabilistic Modeling and Preprocessing
21.2.1. Statistical Distributions for Random Input Variables
21.3. Probabilistic Methods
21.3.1. Introduction
21.3.2. Common Features for all Probabilistic Methods
21.3.3. Monte Carlo Simulation Method
21.3.4. The Response Surface Method
21.4. Regression Analysis for Building Response Surface Models
21.4.1. General Definitions
21.4.2. Linear Regression Analysis
21.4.3. F-Test for the Forward-Stepwise-Regression
21.4.4. Transformation of Random Output Parameter Values for Regression Fitting
21.4.5. Goodness-of-Fit Measures
21.5. Probabilistic Postprocessing
21.5.1. Statistical Procedures
21.5.2. Correlation Coefficient Between Sampled Data
21.5.3. Cumulative Distribution Function
21.5.4. Evaluation of Probabilities From the Cumulative Distribution Function
21.5.5. Inverse Cumulative Distribution Function
22. Reference Index


  Next
Release Notes
Your Ad Here