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Release 11.0 Documentation for ANSYS
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1. Overview of Structural Analyses
1.1. Types of Structural Analysis
1.2. Elements Used in Structural Analyses
1.3. Material Model Interface
1.4. Solution Methods
2. Structural Static Analysis
2.1. Linear vs. Nonlinear Static Analyses
2.2. Performing a Static Analysis
2.2.1. Build the Model
2.2.2. Set Solution Controls
2.2.3. Set Additional Solution Options
2.2.4. Apply the Loads
2.2.5. Solve the Analysis
2.2.6. Review the Results
2.3. A Sample Static Analysis (GUI Method)
2.3.1. Problem Description
2.3.2. Problem Specifications
2.3.3. Problem Sketch
2.4. A Sample Static Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
2.5. Where to Find Other Examples
3. Modal Analysis
3.1. Uses for Modal Analysis
3.2. Process Involved in a Modal Analysis
3.3. Building the Model for a Modal Analysis
3.4. Applying Loads and Obtain the Solution
3.4.1. Enter the Solution Processor
3.4.2. Define Analysis Type and Options
3.4.3. Define Master Degrees of Freedom
3.4.4. Apply Loads
3.4.5. Specify Load Step Options
3.4.6. Participation Factor Table Output
3.4.7. Solve
3.4.8. Exit the Solution Processor
3.5. Expanding the Modes
3.5.1. File and Database Requirements
3.5.2. Expanding the Modes
3.6. Reviewing the Results
3.6.1. Points to Remember
3.6.2. Reviewing Results Data
3.6.3. Option: Listing All Frequencies
3.6.4. Option: Display Deformed Shape
3.6.5. Option: List Master DOF
3.6.6. Option: Line Element Results
3.6.7. Option: Contour Displays
3.6.8. Option: Tabular Listings
3.6.9. Other Capabilities
3.7. A Sample Modal Analysis (GUI Method)
3.7.1. Problem Description
3.7.2. Problem Specifications
3.7.3. Problem Sketch
3.8. A Sample Modal Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
3.9. Where to Find Other Examples
3.10. Prestressed Modal Analysis
3.11. Prestressed Modal Analysis of a Large-Deflection Solution
3.12. Prestressed Modal in a Brake Squeal Analysis
3.13. Comparing Mode-Extraction Methods
3.13.1. Block Lanczos Method
3.13.2. PCG Lanczos Method
3.13.3. Subspace Method
3.13.4. Reduced Method
3.13.5. Unsymmetric Method
3.13.6. Damped Method
3.13.7. QR Damped Method
3.14. Matrix Reduction
3.14.1. Theoretical Basis of Matrix Reduction
3.15. Residual Vector Method
3.15.1. Understanding the Residual Vector Method
3.15.2. Using the Residual Vector Method
4. Harmonic Response Analysis
4.1. Uses for Harmonic Response Analysis
4.2. Commands Used in a Harmonic Response Analysis
4.3. Three Solution Methods
4.3.1. The Full Method
4.3.2. The Reduced Method
4.3.3. The Mode Superposition Method
4.3.4. Restrictions Common to All Three Methods
4.4. Performing a Harmonic Response Analysis
4.4.1. Full Harmonic Response Analysis
4.4.2. Build the Model
4.4.3. Apply Loads and Obtain the Solution
4.4.4. Review the Results
4.5. Sample Harmonic Response Analysis (GUI Method)
4.5.1. Problem Description
4.5.2. Problem Specifications
4.5.3. Problem Diagram
4.6. Sample Harmonic Response Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
4.7. Where to Find Other Examples
4.8. Reduced Harmonic Response Analysis
4.8.1. Apply Loads and Obtain the Reduced Solution
4.8.2. Review the Results of the Reduced Solution
4.8.3. Expand the Solution (Expansion Pass)
4.8.4. Review the Results of the Expanded Solution
4.8.5. Sample Input
4.9. Mode Superposition Harmonic Response Analysis
4.9.1. Obtain the Modal Solution
4.9.2. Obtain the Mode Superposition Harmonic Solution
4.9.3. Expand the Mode Superposition Solution
4.9.4. Review the Results
4.9.5. Sample Input
4.10. Additional Harmonic Response Analysis Details
4.10.1. Prestressed Harmonic Response Analysis
5. Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.1. Preparing for a Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.2. Three Solution Methods
5.2.1. Full Method
5.2.2. Mode-Superposition Method
5.2.3. Reduced Method
5.3. Performing a Full Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.3.1. Build the Model
5.3.2. Establish Initial Conditions
5.3.3. Set Solution Controls
5.3.4. Set Additional Solution Options
5.3.5. Apply the Loads
5.3.6. Save the Load Configuration for the Current Load Step
5.3.7. Repeat Steps 3-6 for Each Load Step
5.3.8. Save a Backup Copy of the Database
5.3.9. Start the Transient Solution
5.3.10. Exit the Solution Processor
5.3.11. Review the Results
5.3.12. Sample Input for a Full Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.4. Performing a Mode-Superposition Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.4.1. Build the Model
5.4.2. Obtain the Modal Solution
5.4.3. Obtain the Mode-Superposition Transient Solution
5.4.4. Expand the Mode-Superposition Solution
5.4.5. Review the Results
5.4.6. Sample Input for a Mode-Superposition Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.5. Performing a Reduced Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.5.1. Obtain the Reduced Solution
5.5.2. Review the Results of the Reduced Solution
5.5.3. Expand the Solution (Expansion Pass)
5.5.4. Review the Results of the Expanded Solution
5.6. Sample Reduced Transient Dynamic Analysis (GUI Method)
5.6.1. Problem Description
5.6.2. Problem Specifications
5.6.3. Problem Sketch
5.6.4. Solve the Next Load Step
5.7. Sample Reduced Transient Dynamic Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
5.8. Performing a Prestressed Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.8.1. Prestressed Full Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.8.2. Prestressed Mode-Superposition Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.8.3. Prestressed Reduced Transient Dynamic Analysis
5.9. Transient Dynamic Analysis Options
5.9.1. Guidelines for Integration Time Step
5.9.2. Automatic Time Stepping
5.9.3. Damping
5.10. Where to Find Other Examples
6. Spectrum Analysis
6.1. Understanding Spectrum Analysis
6.1.1. Response Spectrum
6.1.2. Dynamic Design Analysis Method (DDAM)
6.1.3. Power Spectral Density
6.1.4. Deterministic vs. Probabilistic Analyses
6.2. Steps in a Single-Point Response Spectrum (SPRS) Analysis
6.2.1. Build the Model
6.2.2. Obtain the Modal Solution
6.2.3. Obtain the Spectrum Solution
6.2.4. Expand the Modes
6.2.5. Combine the Modes
6.2.6. Review the Results
6.3. Sample Spectrum Analysis (GUI Method)
6.3.1. Problem Description
6.3.2. Problem Specifications
6.3.3. Problem Sketch
6.3.4. Procedure
6.4. Sample Spectrum Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
6.5. Where to Find Other Examples
6.6. Performing a Random Vibration (PSD) Analysis
6.6.1. Expand the Modes
6.6.2. Obtain the Spectrum Solution
6.6.3. Combine the Modes
6.6.4. Review the Results
6.6.5. Sample Input
6.7. Performing a DDAM Spectrum Analysis
6.8. Performing a Multi-Point Response Spectrum (MPRS) Analysis
7. Buckling Analysis
7.1. Types of Buckling Analyses
7.1.1. Nonlinear Buckling Analysis
7.1.2. Eigenvalue Buckling Analysis
7.2. Commands Used in a Buckling Analysis
7.3. Performing a Nonlinear Buckling Analysis
7.3.1. Applying Load Increments
7.3.2. Automatic Time Stepping
7.3.3. Unconverged Solution
7.3.4. Hints and Tips for Performing a Nonlinear Buckling Analysis
7.4. Performing a Post-Buckling Analysis
7.5. Procedure for Eigenvalue Buckling Analysis
7.5.1. Build the Model
7.5.2. Obtain the Static Solution
7.5.3. Obtain the Eigenvalue Buckling Solution
7.5.4. Expand the Solution
7.5.5. Review the Results
7.6. Sample Buckling Analysis (GUI Method)
7.6.1. Problem Description
7.6.2. Problem Specifications
7.6.3. Problem Sketch
7.7. Sample Buckling Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
7.8. Where to Find Other Examples
8. Nonlinear Structural Analysis
8.1. Causes of Nonlinear Behavior
8.1.1. Changing Status (Including Contact)
8.1.2. Geometric Nonlinearities
8.1.3. Material Nonlinearities
8.2. Basic Information About Nonlinear Analyses
8.2.1. Conservative versus Nonconservative Behavior; Path Dependency
8.2.2. Substeps
8.2.3. Load Direction in a Large-Deflection Analysis
8.2.4. Rotations in a Large-Deflection Analysis
8.2.5. Nonlinear Transient Analyses
8.3. Using Geometric Nonlinearities
8.3.1. Stress-Strain
8.3.2. Stress Stiffening
8.3.3. Spin Softening
8.4. Modeling Material Nonlinearities
8.4.1. Nonlinear Materials
8.4.2. Material Model Combinations
8.5. Running a Nonlinear Analysis in ANSYS
8.6. Performing a Nonlinear Static Analysis
8.6.1. Build the Model
8.6.2. Set Solution Controls
8.6.3. Set Additional Solution Options
8.6.4. Apply the Loads
8.6.5. Solve the Analysis
8.6.6. Review the Results
8.6.7. Terminating a Running Job; Restarting
8.7. Performing a Nonlinear Transient Analysis
8.7.1. Build the Model
8.7.2. Apply Loads and Obtain the Solution
8.7.3. Review the Results
8.8. Sample Input for a Nonlinear Transient Analysis
8.9. Restarts
8.10. Using Nonlinear (Changing-Status) Elements
8.10.1. Element Birth and Death
8.11. Unstable Structures
8.11.1. Understanding Nonlinear Stabilization
8.11.2. Using the Arc-Length Method
8.11.3. Nonlinear Stabilization vs. the Arc-Length Method
8.12. Tips and Guidelines for Nonlinear Analysis
8.12.1. Starting Out with Nonlinear Analysis
8.12.2. Overcoming Convergence Problems
8.13. Sample Nonlinear Analysis (GUI Method)
8.13.1. Problem Description
8.13.2. Problem Specifications
8.13.3. Problem Sketch
8.14. Sample Nonlinear Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
8.15. Where to Find Other Examples
9. Material Curve Fitting
9.1. Applicable Material Behavior Types
9.2. Hyperelastic Material Curve Fitting
9.2.1. Using Curve Fitting to Determine Your Hyperelastic Material Behavior
9.3. Creep Material Curve Fitting
9.3.1. Using Curve Fitting to Determine Your Creep Material Behavior
9.3.2. Tips For Curve Fitting Creep Models
9.4. Viscoelastic Material Curve Fitting
9.4.1. Using Curve Fitting to Determine the Coefficients of Viscoelastic Material Model
10. Gasket Joints Simulation
10.1. Performing a Gasket Joint Analysis
10.2. Finite Element Formulation
10.2.1. Element Topologies
10.2.2. Thickness Direction
10.3. ANSYS Family of Interface Elements
10.3.1. Element Selection
10.3.2. Applications
10.4. Material Definition
10.4.1. Material Characteristics
10.4.2. Input Format
10.4.3. Temperature Dependencies
10.4.4. Plotting Gasket Data
10.5. Meshing Interface Elements
10.6. Solution Procedure and Result Output
10.6.1. Typical Gasket Solution Output Listing
10.7. Reviewing the Results
10.7.1. Points to Remember
10.7.2. Reviewing Results in POST1
10.7.3. Reviewing Results in POST26
10.8. Sample Gasket Element Verification Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
11. Interface Delamination and Failure Simulation
11.1. Modeling Interface Delamination with Interface Elements
11.1.1. Analyzing Interface Delamination
11.1.2. ANSYS Family of Interface Elements
11.1.3. Material Definition
11.1.4. Meshing and Boundary Conditions
11.1.5. Solution Procedure and Result Output
11.1.6. Reviewing the Results
11.2. Modeling Interface Delamination with Contact Elements
11.2.1. Analyzing Debonding
11.2.2. Contact Elements
11.2.3. Material Definition
11.2.4. Result Output
12. Fracture Mechanics
12.1. Introduction to Fracture
12.1.1. Fracture Modes
12.1.2. Fracture Mechanics Parameters
12.1.3. Crack Growth Simulation
12.2. Solving Fracture Mechanics Problems
12.2.1. Modeling the Crack Tip Region
12.2.2. Calculating Fracture Parameters
12.3. Numerical Evaluation of Fracture Mechanics Parameters
12.3.1. The J-Integral Calculation
12.3.2. Stress-Intensity Factors Calculation
12.4. Fracture Meshing
12.5. Setting Crack Tip Mesh Options (CTMOPT Macro)
12.6. Learning More About Fracture Mechanics
13. Composites
13.1. Modeling Composites
13.1.1. Selecting the Proper Element Type
13.1.2. Defining the Layered Configuration
13.1.3. Specifying Failure Criteria
13.1.4. Composite Modeling and Postprocessing Tips
13.2. The FiberSIM-ANSYS Interface
13.2.1. Understanding the FiberSIM XML File
13.2.2. Using FiberSIM Data in ANSYS
13.2.3. FiberSIM-to-ANSYS Translation Details
14. Fatigue
14.1. How ANSYS Calculates Fatigue
14.2. Fatigue Terminology
14.3. Evaluating Fatigue
14.3.1. Enter POST1 and Resume Your Database
14.3.2. Establish the Size, Fatigue Material Properties, and Locations
14.3.3. Store Stresses and Assign Event Repetitions and Scale Factors
14.3.4. Activate the Fatigue Calculations
14.3.5. Review the Results
14.3.6. Other Approaches to Range Counting
14.3.7. Sample Input
15. p-Method Structural Static Analysis
15.1. Benefits of the p-Method
15.2. Using the p-Method
15.2.1. Select the p-Method Procedure
15.2.2. Build the Model
15.2.3. Additional Information for Building Your Model
15.2.4. Apply Loads and Obtain the Solution
15.2.5. Helpful Hints for Common Problems
15.2.6. Review the Results
15.2.7. Querying Subgrid Results
15.2.8. Printing and Plotting Node and Element Results
15.3. Sample p-Method Analysis (GUI Method)
15.3.1. Problem Description
15.3.2. Problem Specifications
15.3.3. Problem Diagram
15.4. Sample p-Method Analysis (Command or Batch Method)
16. Beam Analysis and Cross Sections
16.1. Overview of Cross Sections
16.2. How to Create Cross Sections
16.2.1. Defining a Section and Associating a Section ID Number
16.2.2. Defining Cross Section Geometry and Setting the Section Attribute Pointer
16.2.3. Meshing a Line Model with BEAM44, BEAM188, or BEAM189 Elements
16.3. Creating Cross Sections
16.3.1. Using the Beam Tool to Create Common Cross Sections
16.3.2. Creating Custom Cross Sections with a User-defined Mesh
16.3.3. Creating Custom Cross Sections with Mesh Refinement and Multiple Materials
16.3.4. Defining Composite Cross Sections
16.3.5. Defining a Tapered Beam
16.4. Using Nonlinear General Beam Sections
16.4.1. Defining a Nonlinear General Beam Section
16.4.2. Considerations for Employing Nonlinear General Beam Sections
16.5. Managing Cross Section and User Mesh Libraries
16.6. Sample Lateral Torsional Buckling Analysis (GUI Method)
16.6.1. Problem Description
16.6.2. Problem Specifications
16.6.3. Problem Sketch
16.6.4. Eigenvalue Buckling and Nonlinear Collapse
16.6.5. Set the Analysis Title and Define Model Geometry
16.6.6. Define Element Type and Cross Section Information
16.6.7. Define the Material Properties and Orientation Node
16.6.8. Mesh the Line and Verify Beam Orientation
16.6.9. Define the Boundary Conditions
16.6.10. Solve the Eigenvalue Buckling Analysis
16.6.11. Solve the Nonlinear Buckling Analysis
16.6.12. Plot and Review the Results
16.6.13. Plot and Review the Section Results
16.7. Sample Problem with Cantilever Beams, Command Method
16.8. Where to Find Other Examples
17. Shell Analysis and Cross Sections
17.1. Understanding Cross Sections
17.2. How to Create Cross Sections
17.2.1. Defining a Section and Associating a Section ID Number
17.2.2. Defining Layer Data
17.2.3. Overriding Program Calculated Section Properties
17.2.4. Specifying a Shell Thickness Variation (Tapered Shells)
17.2.5. Setting the Section Attribute Pointer
17.2.6. Associating an Area with a Section
17.2.7. Using the Shell Tool to Create Sections
17.2.8. Managing Cross Section Libraries
17.3. Using Preintegrated General Shell Sections
17.3.1. Defining a Preintegrated Shell Section
17.3.2. Considerations for Employing Preintegrated Shell Sections

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Chapter 1. Overview of Structural Analyses
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