What Is the V2F Low-Reynolds Number K-Epsilon Model?

The V2F K-Epsilon model ([43],[44],[45]) is known to capture the near-wall turbulence effects more accurately, which is crucial for the accurate prediction of heat transfer, skin friction and flow separation. This model solves two additional turbulence quantities, namely the normal stress function

and the elliptic function

(which is a redistribution term in the

equation), in addition to

and

. This model is designed to handle wall effects in turbulent boundary layers and to accommodate non-local effects.

Properties

Expert Properties

Unless you are thoroughly familiar with the theoretical aspects of this model and the discretization techniques used in STAR-CCM+, we recommend that you not make any changes within the Expert category. The values in that category reflect both the model's design and discretization approaches that have been optimized for accuracy and performance. Tampering with them may diminish the effectiveness of the model.

The coefficient , see Eqn. 238.

C2e

The coefficient , see Eqn. 238.

Ceta

The coefficient , see Eqn. 238.

Cmu

The coefficient , see Eqn. 230.

CmuV2

The coefficient , see Eqn. 238.

F Minimum

The minimum value that the variable is permitted to have. An appropriate value is a small number that is greater than the floating point minimum of the computer.

Buoyancy Production of Dissipation

Determines how the coefficient in Eqn. 188 is calculated.

None

Neglects the term .

Boundary Layer Orientation

Computes according to Eqn. 196.

Thermal Stratification

Computes according to Eqn. 195.

Normal Stress Term

Determines whether the full Boussinesq approximation used.

Ticked

The stress tensor is modeled as and production is computed using Eqn. 189.

Cleared

The stress tensor is modeled as and production is modeled using the simplified expression .

Realizable Scale Option

Enables realizability constraints on the time scale. See Eqn. 236.

Ticked

Enables realizability constraints.

Cleared

Disables realizability constraints.

Sarkar

The coefficient , see Eqn. 198.

Secondary Gradients

Neglect or include the boundary secondary gradients for diffusion and/or the interior secondary gradients at mesh faces.

Include both secondary gradients.

Off

Exclude both secondary gradients.

Interior Only

Include the interior secondary gradients only.

Boundaries Only

Include the boundary secondary gradients only.

Sigma_e

The coefficient , see Eqn. 238.

Sigma_k

The coefficient , see Eqn. 238.

Tdr Minimum

The minimum value that the transported variable is permitted to have. An appropriate value is a small number that is greater than the floating point minimum of the computer.

Tke Minimum

The minimum value that the transported variable is permitted to have. An appropriate value is a small number that is greater than the floating point minimum of the computer.

V2 Minimum

The minimum value that the transported variable is permitted to have. An appropriate value is a small number that is greater than the floating point minimum of the computer.