Function for Hybrid Upwind Scheme

Recognizing the superiority of an upwind scheme for RANS computations and the benefits of central differencing for LES, Travin et al.[30] proposed the following blending coefficient for DES:

(188)

(189)

(190)

(191)

(192)

(193)

with

(194)

(195)

and the vorticity tensor and strain rate tensor defined according to Eqns. [172] and [177] respectively.

The local convective scale, is defined as:

(196)

and the coefficient has a default value of 1.