| (143) |
The following non-dimensional quantities are used:
|
| (143) |
| (144) |
| (145) |
In these equations, the following nomenclature applies:
is the normal distance from the wall to the wall-cell centroid.
is the component of wall-cell velocity parallel to the wall.
is the wall-cell temperature.
is the wall-boundary temperature.
is the wall heat flux.
is the kinematic viscosity.
is the density.
is the specific heat.
is a reference velocity.
Although the reference velocity is often related to the wall shear stress (
), in actual practice the reference velocity is derived from a turbulence quantity specific to the particular turbulence model.
The wall laws are set up to provide 
and 
(and their first derivatives) as a function of 
and other relevant quantities, such as molecular and turbulent Prandtl numbers.